"Tus xaiv tau poob rau hauv av nrog lub suab nrov nrov" raws li thawj qhov ntxa tau qhib. Ib tug qub roadmender, qiv los ntawm lub koom haum Albanian hauv zos, tsa nws cov cuab yeej khawb dua thiab tsoo hauv av zaum ob.[1]
Thiab yog li ntawd nws yog, mused tus Italian general xa mus rau Albania los ntawm nws tsoom fwv kom rov qab cov seem ntawm cov tub rog Italian raug tua thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II hauv Ismail Kadare's haunting tshiab, General of the Dead Army. Ib yam " av nkos li txhua qhov chaw, tib lub pob zeb, tib lub hauv paus, tib lub vapor. Lub ntiaj teb zoo li lub ntiaj teb nyob qhov twg. Thiab tseem - txawv teb chaws." [2]
"Nws zoo li tsis tau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm no," tus thawj coj hais rau nws tus kheej. "Zoo li hauv av no yeej tsis tau raug tsuj" los ntawm dab tsi tab sis nyuj.[3]
Tab sis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ntawd, tau kawg. Ib tsov rog. Thiab hauv qab lub ntiaj teb, ib yam li cov nyob hauv qab av sab qab teb ntawm Philippines, hauv cov kob ntawm Jolo hauv Sulu xeev, "lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov pob txha, ntawm cov calcium ntshiab," thaj av ntawm cov zaub mov thiab dab uas tsis tau muab tso rau. so[4]
Tej zaum peb yog cov thawj tub rog uas tuag lawm. Tsuas yog qhov ntawd, tsis zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm Kadare zaj dab neeg, tsis muaj ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm peb tus kheej ib txwm taug kev uas yuav yuam kom peb cuam tshuam cov tshauv ntawm peb qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Niaj hnub no hauv Jolo, cov khau ntawm cov tub rog uas paub txawv teb chaws tau dhau los hnyav dua ib zaug ntxiv ntawm thaj av uas muaj caws pliav thiab tsis nco qab ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub hnab ris ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws quab yuam, phom thiab foob pob protrude nrog rau cov txiaj uas niaj hnub no yuav feem ntau ntshai thiab kev chim siab thiab cov neeg saib xyuas.
Ntau txhiab tus tub rog Asmeskas tau raug xa mus rau Philippines niaj hnub no raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Philippine-Asmeskas kev ua tub rog - ostensibly "muab kev pab tub rog, lus qhia thiab kev cob qhia." [5]
Cov neeg Asmeskas tau hais tias "lawv tsuas yog nyob ntawm no rau kev tsim kho engineering thiab kev kho mob thiab kho hniav," hais tias Fatmawati Salapudin ntawm Bangsamoro Women Solidarity Forum thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Mindanao Peaceweavers alliance. Thiab tseem, tus thawj coj Moro tau hais tias, nrog qhov yuav luag tsis tu ncua ntawm lub dav hlau nyoob hoom qav taub, khawb hauv txoj kev nyob deb nroog thiab ntug hiav txwv barricades, "lawv tab tom tig lub koog me me no mus rau hauv thaj chaw ua rog." [7]
Salapudin yog ib tug tshwj xeeb rhiab Filipina. Nws kuj yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom hauv Jolo ntawm ib qho kev ua phem tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua neeg uas tau ua txhaum los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv Asia, lub xyoo pua xyoo uas yuav muaj nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 6 - hnub tom qab Asmeskas kev ua tub rog hauv Jolo xaus.
Qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas lawv yuav tsum xav, cov tub rog no. Swooning hauv zos sycophants ua ke nrog high-tech gadgetry sib ntaus sib tua gadgetry thiab lub xeev-of-the-art riam phom - tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li hauv Iraq - tuaj yeem ua rau ib tus swagger yooj yim. Illusions tuag nyuaj, hmoov tsis.
Robin Blake ntawm tus sau hais tias "Lawv tsis yog lub tshuab ntau heev rau kev tua li lawv yuav tuag," Nyiaj txiag zaug nyob rau hauv nws tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib tug painting exhibition nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv depicting cov tub rog thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua scenes ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv.[8]
"Ntawm cov neeg Amelikas zoo tshaj plaws," sau tus kws sau npe tsim nyog, Max Boot, hauv Phab ntsa Street Journal, "Leonard Wood yeej yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws." [9] Pom cov lus 'American imperialist' hauv Phab ntsa Street Journal niaj hnub no yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus txaus. Yuav kom nws extolled nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug yam ntxwv - nrog lo lus 'zoo heev' txuas unabashedly - yeej muab peb ib tug qhia txog lub sij hawm peb nyob.
"[N] puas muaj Wood tus piv txwv tau ua raws sijhawm ntau dua li niaj hnub no," sau Boot, ib qho kev npau taws ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse qaib uas tau ntev tau clucking looney tunes txog kev tsim txiaj ntawm "liberal imperialism." . Txhawm rau kov yeej cov neeg Filipino Muslims, Boot tau sau tias, "Too shelled ... tsis yog cov yeeb ncuab sib tua nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Nws txoj cai scorched-lub ntiaj teb ua rau muaj kev sib cav tab sis ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ... [Muslim Philippines tau] pacified. "[10]
Xav tias Ben Tre, lub nroog Nyab Laj uas Asmeskas tau txiav txim siab tib txoj hauv kev los cawm ib lub zos yog rhuav tshem nws. Xav tias Fallujah, Iraq - qhov chaw ntawm ib qho kev ua phem tshaj plaws uas tau ua los ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas hauv keeb kwm tsis ntev los no - coj, tshaj tawm, los ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso tawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev lim hiam.[12]
Xav Jolo. Xyoo 1906, raws li thawj tus tswv xeev ntawm Asmeskas tsim Moro [Filipino Muslim] xeev nyob rau yav qab teb Philippines, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev siv dag zog zoo uas ua tau zoo rau Boot's adulation, Wood tau hais kom tua neeg hauv Jolo ntawm Moros - ntau tus poj niam thiab menyuam yaus - tub rog. feem ntau nrog ntaj thiab hmuv. Txog li ib txhiab Moros, qee leej hais tias ntau pua, tau taug kev mus rau qhov khoob ntawm lub roob hluav taws uas ploj lawm hu ua Bud Dajo "kom sawv daws tawm tsam Asmeskas txoj cai." [13] Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug tua.
“Tsis muaj leej twg tab sis cov neeg tuag muaj kev hais lus dawb. Tsis muaj leej twg tab sis cov neeg tuag raug tso cai los hais qhov tseeb," sau Mark Twain nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv journal, uas tau censored los ntawm kev tshaj tawm thaum lub sij hawm Philippine-American Tsov rog.[14] Tiamsis yog cov tuag tsis nco qab, lawv hais tsis tau.
"Rau peb muaj ob hom neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb," said Dwight Eisenhower tus Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. "[T] ntawm no yog cov uas yog cov ntseeg thiab txhawb nqa kev lag luam dawb thiab muaj lwm tus." [15]
Cov tub rog Asmeskas nyob hauv Philippines los pab. Cov tub rog Asmeskas nyob hauv Jolo los muab kev kho hniav. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tab tom tsim lub hauv paus loj hauv Asmeskas hauv Iraq - thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb - kom nthuav tawm kev ywj pheej thiab tiv thaiv ntiaj teb cov pej xeem los ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua phem.
Peb tsis ua teb chaws Ottoman, "said US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld hauv 2005.[16]
Yog hais tias koj tsis nyiam cov duab nyob rau hauv daim iav, qhia ib tug qub Persian paj lug, tsis txhob rhuav daim iav; rhuav koj lub ntsej muag.
Sau ntawv
1. Ismail Kadare, ib. General of the Dead Army (Qurter Books Limited, 1986).
2. Ib.
3. Ib.
4. Ib.
5. Cov lus hais yog raws li kev txhais lus ntawm tsoomfwv Philippine ntawm cov txiaj ntsig rau lub tebchaws ntawm Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Saib Xyuas Tub Rog, raws li kev sib koom ua tub rog Philippine-Asmeskas tau ua. Saib cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo, "Qhov teeb meem kev saib xyuas ntawm US tub rog tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev sib tham, kev sib tham, kev sib tham," Manila Times, 30 Lub Ib Hlis 2006.
6. Ding Cervantes, "5,500 US tub rog tub rog tuaj rau Balikatan 2006," Philippine Star, 17 Lub Ob Hlis 2006.
7. Jojo Due, "Kev ua tub rog loj tshaj RP-US pib lub lim tiam tom ntej," Daim iav lag luam, 17 Lub Ob Hlis 2006.
8. Robin Blake, "Keeb kwm coj los rau lub neej los ntawm kev xav txog lub zog," Nyiaj txiag zaug, 8 Lub Ob Hlis 2006.
9. Max Boot, “Benevolent Imperialist,” Phab ntsa Street Journal-Asia, 8 Kaum Ob Hlis 2005.
10. Ibid. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev sib tham txog kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, saib Niall Ferguson, Colossus: Sawv thiab Poob ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (Penguin Phau Ntawv, 2005).
11. Ibid.
12. Fallujah yog ib lub nroog Iraqi nyob peb lab mais sab qab teb ntawm Baghdad.
13. Samuel K. Tan, Filipino-American War, 1899-1913 (University of the Philippines Press, 2002).
14. Angel Velasco Shaw, “Exquisite betrayal,” in Vestiges of War: Philippine-American War thiab Tom Qab Imperial Npau suav, 1899-1999, Ed. Angel Velasco Shaw thiab Luis H. Francia (New York University Press, 2002).
15. William Blum"Yuav ua li cas kuv siv kuv kaum tsib feeb ntawm koob meej," InformationClearingHouse.info, 15 Lub Ob Hlis 2006.
16. Deepak Lai, "US tsis lees paub lub luag haujlwm ntawm imperial," Lub Kauslim Teb Herald, 11 Lub Ib Hlis 2005.
Renato Redentor Constantino yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg pleev kob nyob hauv Quezon City, Philippines. Cov ntawv sau yog ib feem ntawm Kev txom nyem ntawm kev nco: Essays ntawm keeb kwm thiab faj tim teb chaws, ib phau ntawv Constantino tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Peb Hlis 24 hauv University of the Philippines hauv Quezon City.
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj