Cov ramparts ntawm lub Portuguese Tsev fuabtais ntawm Moors - "Castelo dos Mouros" - poob rau cov ntseeg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob hauv xyoo 1147, ib pawg tub sab thiab cov neeg qaug cawv, raws li cov lus ceeb toom hauv zos, uas suav nrog cov neeg ncaj ncees ntawm Brits. Muaj ib zaj dab neeg hais tias muaj hmoov zoo heev hauv kub thiab nyiaj npib tseem nyob hauv qab lub tsev fuabtais qhov tawg thiab cov phab ntsa kho ntau, muab zais rau ntawm Moors thaum Afonso Henriques 'thug tau nce toj toj siab saum Sintra. Kuv twv yog tsis muaj. Peb kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Muslims ib txwm revolved, zoo li kuv, ib ncig ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab kev khib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov Crusaders nyiag lawv txoj kev hla Lisbon - tom qab muaj kev pom zoo nrog tus Vaj Ntxwv tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tau li ntawd - thiab tom qab ntawd tua neeg thiab tsim txom lawv txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov neeg Muslim uas muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Nws tsuas yog yeej qhov thib ob Crusade tau ua tiav - txhua yam ua tsis zoo rau nws hauv Middle East tiag tiag. Tom qab ntawd - thiab lub xyoo pua 15th tshem tawm cov Muslims - Portugal qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog thaj av yog kev lag luam es tsis yog tub rog, sim rub cov Indian kev lag luam los ntawm Yemeni Arabs. Thaum Vasco da Gama “nrhiav” Is Nrias teb thiab mus txog Calicut (Calcutta) thaum 20 Tsib Hlis 1498 - zaj dab neeg no los ntawm Warwick Ball's Tawm ntawm Arabia - Nws tau txais tos los ntawm Arab los ntawm Tunisia nrog cov lus "Thov kom dab ntxwg nyoog coj koj! Dab tsi coj koj los ntawm no?”
Tab sis qhov ntawd yog hais txog nws. Tsuas yog plaub puas xyoo tom qab ntawd peb puas pom cov ntseeg haiv neeg tswjfwm Antonio de Oliveira Salazar - uas ua rau Portugal nyob nruab nrab ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab yog li khaws nws txoj kev sib raug zoo "laus tshaj plaws" nrog Britain - tshaj tawm tias nyob rau hauv 15th thiab 16th centuries, nws. lub teb chaws tau tiv thaiv "Christian kev vam meej tawm tsam Islam", ib lo lus uas tej zaum yuav tau los ntawm Viktor Orban ntawm Hungary hnub no. Nws yog keeb kwm khib nyiab, thiab tej zaum yuav yog vim li cas thiaj li tsis muaj kev tawm tsam Muslim hauv Portugal. Yog tias koj mus xyuas lub qhov ntxa loj ntawm Da Gama hauv Jeronimos Monastery lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Belem, lub catafalque nqa ob daim duab puab zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam medieval nkoj tab sis tsis hais txog Muslims. Da Gama rab ntaj yog sheathed nyob rau hauv pob zeb drapery. Lub tsev teev ntuj Manueline uas kuv taug kev los ntawm lub qhov rooj tom ntej, txawm li cas los xij, tab tom poob nrog Arab-style archways thiab Arabesque vuas (uas koj tuaj yeem pom hnub no hauv Algeria thiab Tunisia).
Lub Department of Home Truths, ib lub koom haum Fiskian kuv tau pom tias nws yuav tsum tau xa mus nyob ib ncig ntawm Middle East, yuav taw qhia, tau kawg, tias Portugal tau mus xyuas nws kev ua phem thiab kev ntxuav haiv neeg thiab kev ntxub ntxaug thiab kev ua cev qhev tsis yog nyob rau Middle East tab sis rau cov neeg ntawm Teb chaws Africa, qhov twg tom qab tsov rog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej colonial muaj - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Angola thiab Mozambique - tau pab coj down the pseudo-fascist regime of Marcelo Caetano, Salazar's successor, in 1975.
Cov Arabs, txawm li cas los xij, tau suav tias yog cov neeg txawv tebchaws thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv uas nws tus kheej kab lis kev cai tsis tau tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev ntawm Portugal lub nroog. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nco txog cov neeg raug kaw hauv 20th-xyoo pua kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm yog nyob hauv ib lub tsev Moorish qub hauv Lisbon hu ua Aljube, uas txhais tau tias hauv Arabic, "Txoj Kev ntawm Dej". Nws tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "raug kaw" - uas yog qhov nws nyob hauv Salazar. Cov lus Iberian, kuv yuav tsum ntxiv, yog sib npaug nrog cov lus Arabic. Tus tub rog El Campeador, Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (ntawm Charlton Heston koob meej), paub zoo tshaj plaws rau peb los ntawm nws lub npe Arabic-de-guerre, "raws li Sayyid" - El Cid ("tus Tswv").
Tsis muaj qhov twg tuaj yeem niaj hnub kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg Muslim thiab European yav dhau los tau ua kom pom zoo dua li hauv Lisbon's Calouste Gulbenkian Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau sab qaum teb suburbs ntawm Lisbon. Qub Gulbenkian, tus nplua nuj tshaj plaws Armenian ntawm nws lub sijhawm, thawj "Mr Tsib Ib Cent" ntawm cov nyiaj tau los roj, yog ib tus neeg siab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm, nws lub hauv paus txawm sim txuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg Armenian thiab lawv cov neeg tua neeg Turkish cov pej xeem tom qab. 1915. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim li cas cov lus luv luv ntawm tus txiv neej muaj nyob rau ntawm Lisbon lub koom haum hais txog Armenian genocide - disgracefully - raws li tsuas yog "cov xwm txheej tragic".
Tab sis lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav qhia Muslim / Arab kos duab tsis tshua muaj ob peb chav los ntawm Dutch qub masters, Thomas Gainsborough's Mrs Lowndes-Stone thiab ob peb Turners. Ib tug Syrian Mamluk mosque teeb thiab ib tug Armenian illuminated phau Vajlugkub sawv xwb ob peb meters ntawm Renoir's Portrait ntawm Madame Monet. Ib qho kev nthuav qhia tshiab saib txog kev paub txog botanical qhia los ntawm Tebchaws Europe nrog Mughal faj tim teb chaws ntawm Shah Jahan.
Tab sis muaj ib qho loj loj ntawm cov phau ntawv Muslim, 16-xyoo pua Iranian luam ntawm 14-xyoo pua paj huam ntawm Hafiz, 400-xyoo-laus Safavid scholar tus sau ntawv swooping delicately hla ib nplooj ntawv qhib ntawm lub ntim - tab sis cov ntawv nyeem, alas. , untranslated, thiab yog li rendered li kos duab es tsis sau ntawv. Tab sis ntawm no, luv luv thiab yuam ua lus Askiv, yog qee cov lus hais: "Yog tias, los ntawm hmoov zoo, kuv tuaj yeem tau txais cov hmoov av ntawm kuv tus hlub ko taw, saum kuv ob lub qhov muag kuv yuav sau ib kab. Yog tias nws npauj nrhiav kuv tus ntsuj plig zoo li tswm ciab, kuv yuav tso kuv tus ntsuj plig rau lub sijhawm ntawd… Tom qab kev tuag, txawm tias cua yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nqa kuv cov hmoov av tawm ntawm koj lub qhov rooj. "
Cov kab no tsis zoo li qhov ntau ascetic, tawg, yuav luag tsis zoo nqe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws sau paj huam niaj hnub Portuguese, Fernando Pessoa, uas ua rau nws nco txog nws cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Joyce thiab Samuel Beckett:
“Nyob rau yav tav su tus kub ntau dua -
Tsis muaj qhov chaw kub plua plav ntawm hnub lig
Uas yog sauntering dhau kuv lub qhov rooj
Thiab yuav tsis nyob -
Nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiag to, tseem kov nrog kub,
Ntawm tsob ntoo ntsuab xaus, kuv pom
Lub cim xeeb. Koj twb ncaj ncees lawm
Thiab nyob hauv kuv…
Txawm tias koj tsis nyob ntawd, koj lub cim xeeb yog
Thiab, koj tsis yog leej twg, koj saib.
Kuv co thaum koj tuaj zoo li cua
Thiab kuv nyuaj siab qee qhov zoo ”…
Qhov no yog Jonathan Griffin tus txhais lus los ntawm Portuguese, tab sis Pessoa txoj hauj lwm tam sim ntawd ua rau ib tug neeg tuaj xyuas Muslim rau Lisbon hais rau kuv tias nws zoo li cas rau xyoo pua 11th Persian paj huam ntawm Omar Khayyam, uas nws. Rubaiyat Nws tus kheej tau txhais (tab sis tsis zoo heev) los ntawm Askiv kws sau paj lug Edward FitzGerald. Pessoa hais lus Askiv zoo.
Nws los li tsis xav tsis thoob, yog li ntawd, kom pom tias Pessoa tsis tsuas yog nyeem thiab sau cov ntawv sau ntau ntawm lub Rubaiyat tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv npe ntawm nws daim ntawv theej ntawm FitzGerald txoj haujlwm, tab sis yuav luag obsessed los ntawm Arab philosophers, suav nrog lub xyoo pua 11th Arab-Andalusian kws sau paj lug al-Mu'tamid. Thiab nws tau rau txim rau Middle Arab raug tshem tawm ntawm Iberian ceg av qab teb. Ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Italian kws tshawb fawb Fabrizio Boscaglia thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Brazilian Marcia Feitosa, peb pom Pessoa espousing "peb [Portuguese] zoo Arab kev lig kev cai - ntawm kev zam txim thiab kev ywj pheej ywj pheej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas peb yog tus tuav ntawm Arab ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe uas peb yuav muaj ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib tus kheej… Cia peb ua pauj qhov swb inflicted los ntawm cov los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv Arab. Cia peb txhiv qhov kev ua txhaum uas peb tau ua thaum peb raug ntiab tawm ntawm ceg av qab teb cov Arabs uas ua rau nws ua txhaum. "
Tej zaum nws tsis xav tias tsawg dua ob xyoos dhau los, Portugal tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Antonio Costa tau hais tias nws lub tebchaws yuav tau txais 10,000 tus neeg tawg rog Syrian - ob npaug ntawm tus lej uas nws yuav tau coj los ntawm EU txoj haujlwm hloov chaw. Muab piv rau qhov "tiv thaiv" ntawm peb cov ntseeg "kev coj noj coj ua" sab hnub tuaj.
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj
1 comment
Robert Fisk txoj kev paub txog kev txawj ntse thiab tib neeg ua ke ib txwm nyob hauv txoj kev zoo. Nws yog amazing.