cov Philadelphia
Inquirer (inky) yog dav suav hais tias yog
ntawv xov xwm zoo heev. Lub koob npe nrov no muab los rau hauv
ib feem ntawm nws zoo superiority tshaj nws
Thawj thawj, Walter Annenberg's Inquirer,
tsis muaj npe nrov li ib pawg Republican rag thiab
instrument ntawm Annenberg tus kheej vendettas
(feem ntau nto moo, nws tsis kam tso cai hais txog
lub npe ntawm liberal Democratic Governor ntawm
Pennsylvania, Milton Shapp). Tom qab Knight
system tau txais Inky (thiab Annenberg-muaj
Philadelphia Daily News) nyob rau hauv
1970-Knight tau koom ua ke nrog Ridder saw hauv
Xyoo 1974 los tsim Knight-Ridder-nws coj los rau hauv
cov thawj coj kev tshaj lij, ua kom cov xov xwm tau zoo dua
kev ua haujlwm, thiab txiav tawm cov ntawv
kev pab raws li tus kheej lub tsheb nom tswv ntawm lub
tus tswv.
Daim ntawv zoo
lub koob npe nrov kuj nyob ntawm qhov zoo
kev ua tiav. Knight-Ridder muaj qee qhov ua ntej
ntsuas cov neeg sau xov xwm zoo li Frank Greve thiab Juan
Tamayo, uas nws cov lus ceeb toom qee zaus tshwm sim hauv inky
(cov neeg sau xov xwm no tau txuas ncaj qha rau
tus Knight-Ridder-muaj Miami Herald). Cov
inky tau muaj tus lej ncaj ncees hauv tsev
cov ntawv xov xwm thiab kev tshawb fawb txog cov teeb meem
xws li cov av ntub dej, tub ceev xwm tsim txom, hauv zos
politic kev noj nyiaj txiag, thiab lwm yam uas yog heev
zoo journalism. Barlett thiab Steele's
cov ntaub ntawv tshawb xyuas ntau ntu ntawm lub sijhawm
lub nra se thiab kev faib nyiaj tau los, txawm tias
cov kev txwv (saib hauv qab) yog qhov tsim nyog siv zog. Cov
daim ntawv tsis raug kaw, thiab luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm
thiab qee lub sij hawm cov kev xav uas tsis sib haum nrog
tog kab ntawv txhawb nqa
sau ntawv.
Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo no,
Txawm li cas los, cov inky yeej ib txwm muaj
lub tsev kawm ntawv uas khaws cov xov xwm thiab
kev xav ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub bounds ntawm
kev lag luam parameter. Nws yog kev lag luam-tsav
ntawv, nce li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, thiab
raws li qhov tshwm sim tau ua txoj haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm
tuav ib tug "public sphere" nyob rau hauv
uas teeb meem tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov pej xeem
muaj kev sib tham thiab debated. Nws xov xwm caj npab
muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm txhua qhov kev lag luam tseem ceeb
cov ntaub ntawv - nws nyob ntawm hnyav heev ntawm official
qhov chaw, kom nws tsis tu ncua coj los ntawm lub qhov ntswg
nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia cov tub ceev xwm xav tau; thiab qhov twg
cov neeg ua haujlwm xav kom nyob ntsiag to thiab them taus ob peb tus thawj coj, cov
daim ntawv tsis ua raws li ib zaj dab neeg thiab tso cai rau silence
kom yeej. (Feem ntau, qhov twg cov tub ceev xwm xav tau inky
mus nws cov editors xav mus lawm.) Ib qho tshwm sim
yog tias cov inky tau nquag ua haujlwm li
ib tug propaganda caj npab ntawm lub xeev, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm
nws cov xov xwm / kho kho ntawm NAFTA kev sib cav
thiab Mexican bailout, qhov twg xov xwm tshaj tawm
nyias thiab uncritical, nplooj ntawv editorial loj heev
tsis ncaj ncees thiab demagogic.
Kev ua lag luam-tsav
Kev sau xov xwm
cov Inky's
niam txiv, Knight-Ridder (KR), yog tus tswv ntawm pej xeem
tuam txhab lag luam ntawm New York Tshuag Txauv,
thiab nyob rau hauv lub txim yog nyob rau hauv tsis tu ncua siab rau
koom rau hauv kab hauv qab. Lub siab no
sharpened tshaj kaum xyoo dhau los thaum lub sij hawm uas
ntawv xov xwm profits raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txom nyem, siab
tus nqi luam ntawv, thiab kev sib tw rau kev tshaj tawm
los ntawm kab thiab lwm yam kev sib tw. John Knight, ib
liberal Republican nrog kev hwm qub
rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev sau xov xwm, tuag hauv 1981; tus
Ridder ib nrab ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib txwm muaj ntau dua
kev lag luam taw qhia, thiab Tony Ridder, tam sim no tus CEO,
tau sau tseg rau nws txoj kev lag luam tsom. Hauv qab Ridder,
thiab nws tus thawj tswj hwm, James Batten,
KR tau ua raws li ntau lub tswv yim: nws muaj
sim diversify rau hauv xov xwm tshiab
(tsis ua tiav), nws tau koom nrog kev sib tsoo
hauv Detroit, thiab nws tau sim txiav cov nqi hauv txhua qhov
nws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev txo cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov no coj mus rau
tawm ntawm inkysab saum toj
Thawj coj, Eugene Roberts, hauv 1990, thiab tom qab ntawd mus
kev tawm haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm James
Naughton nyob rau hauv 1995. Nyob rau hauv tawm lub Philadelphia
Txhua hnub Xov xwm Nyob rau hauv 1995, editorial nplooj ntawv editor
Richard Aregood tau hais tias KR "yog
ua ib lub tuam txhab ntawm tus qauv qauv ntawm
koom nrog ntau dua li ntawm Knight
qauv." David Von Drehle, uas ib zaug ua haujlwm
rau lub Miami Herald, hais tias
Tsis ntev los no kev tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm KR coj nws
los xaus "thaum nws lub sijhawm los hais cov
kev sim ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm rau pej xeem a
ua tsis tiav."
Lwm txoj kab ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm
Knight-Ridder tau nruj dua (lossis
sycophantic) catering rau cov nyeem thiab tshaj tawm.
James Batten, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm KR los ntawm 1988 mus txog rau nws
tuag nyob rau hauv 1995, pioneered no theem tshiab ntawm
ua lag luam-driven journalism, thiab tau featured nyob rau hauv
cov ntawv tsis ntev los no Thaum MBAs Rule Newsrooms
(Doug Underwood) thiab Market-Driven Journalism
(John McManus). Los ntawm 1988 Batten campaigned
hauv KR rau qhov nws hu ua "cov neeg siv khoom
obsession," lo lus neeg encompassing
ob tus nyeem ntawv thiab cov tshaj tawm. Kev lag luam
underpinning ntawm no "obsession" yog
meej: ib qho kev tsom mus rau cov nyiaj tau los
cov hom phiaj, thiab cov Phab ntsa Street Journal sau tseg
rov qab rau xyoo 1990 uas KR zoo li "qiv
hnyav ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Gannett Co.'s TEB CHAWS USA
Niaj hnub noโฆ [nrog] cov duab thiab cov xim ci
[uas] hais txog cov dab neeg ntawm tus me nyuam-boomer 'kub
nyees khawm,' xws li kev sib nrauj, nyiaj txiag tus kheej,
kev nyob hauv tsev thiab chaw ua haujlwm." Raws li
rau Miami Herald Executive Editor Doug
Clifton, daim ntawv yuav tsum tau teb lub ntsiab
cov lus nug los ntawm cov neeg nyeem: "Qhov no ua li cas
txhais li cas rau kuv?โ Raws li, nws daim ntawv
downgraded cov xov xwm tsis nyob hauv zos thiab, raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm
txoj cai, kaw xov xwm tshaj tawm rau cuaj thaj chaw uas
cov pab pawg tsom xam tau qhia tias yog qhov tseem ceeb
rau cov neeg nyeem (cov npe tsis suav nrog kev nom kev tswv hauv tebchaws
thiab ntiaj teb txoj haujlwm). David Remick sau nyob rau hauv lub Tshiab
yorkers hais tias cov Miami Herald yog tam sim no
"nyias thiab anemic, ib daim ntawv txhawb."
Boosterism thiab
Phony Empowerment
cov inky tau qeeb dua
tshaj qhov Miami Herald succumb rau
"obsession" raug thawb los ntawm KR ntawm nws
subsidiaries, tab sis nws coj hnyav nqi-txiav hits
thiab maj mam txais cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov
kev txiav txim tshiab. Nws boosterism tau tshwm sim hauv nws
editorial kev txhawb nqa ntawm ib lub zos tsim
helicopter boondoggle ("Txuag Osprey:
Nov yog lub dav hlau coj txawv txawv peb tiag tiag
xav tau, "Lub Xya Hli 9, 1990). Nws yog ntau dua
dramatically illustrated thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tuag ntawm
Philadelphia-based Cardinal John Krol thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3,
1996. Rau ib lub lim tiam tag nrho cov inky khiav loj
pem hauv ntej-nplooj kis nrog cov duab ntawm Cardinal,
nws bier, nws lub ntees tuag, nrog adulatory
lus - "ib tug towering muaj,"
"Philadelphia's [sic] Tus tub qhe rau 27
Xyoo," thiab lwm yam - thiab cov nplooj ntawv sab hauv puv
ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab tsav tsheb. Krol, tus qhuas ntawm Richard
Nixon, tus phooj ywg ntawm regressive Pope John II, thiab a
mediocrity nyob rau hauv txhua yam kev hwm, yuav muab ib tug
tag nrho uncritical hero lub koob tsheej tsuas yog los ntawm
ib daim ntawv xov xwm pandering rau ib bloc ntawm cov nyeem.
lub 1990 Phab ntsa Street
Journal account ntawm tus tshiab "nyeem ntawv
tus phooj ywg" KR sau tseg tias KR cov ntawv '
cov nplooj ntawv editorial tam sim no featured
"'lub thawv muaj zog' muab lub npe
thiab xov tooj, yog li nyeem tau
action." Cov inky yog ib tug ntawm cov
cov ntawv. Ntau daim ntawv KR kuj tau teeb tsa Cov Neeg Xam Xaj
Cov kev pab cuam lub suab uas txhawb cov neeg nyeem kom tau txais
ua ke los sib pauv tswv yim thiab muaj lawv
qhia nyob rau hauv ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv. Cov
Inky tau txais qhov no nrog lub zog thiab tau mob siab rau
ntau nplooj ntawv rau cov lus luv luv ntawm "cov pej xeem
suab." nov "civic
journalism," qee zaum hu ua
"kev lag luam populism," yog ib qho
copout thiab dag. Nws yog ib tug copout nyob rau hauv uas
daim ntawv tso tseg nws tus kheej lub luag haujlwm los hais
teeb meem thiab kho lawv hauv qhov tob; nws yog dag
nyob rau hauv nws ua piv txwv txaus siab nyob rau hauv dog dig
tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab hauv kev xav tias
tso cai tswj kev hais tawm ntawm kev xav los ntawm
cov pej xeem no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab "empowers"
lawv (thaum qhov tseeb qhov brevity thiab ntau yam ntawm
lub suab paub tseeb tias lawv yuav tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke
los yog qhov tshwm sim).
cov inky kuj muaj ib tug
nyeem ntawv-phooj ywg Ombudsman, uas tso tawm nws thiab
lub inkycov xim tiag tiag hauv qhov xwm txheej
koom nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv pem hauv ntej
ntawm Rush Limbaugh, "Tus huab tais ntawm kev hais lus, coj
tus nqi" (Joe Logan, Lub Rau Hli 2, 1995), nrog
ib daim duab nrog uas pom Limbaugh
luag ntxhi. Kab lus yog ib tug superficial
puff-piece uas hais Rush ntawm qhov ntev. Tsuas yog ntawm
nplooj ntawv txuas ntxiv tau Logan tau hais txog qhov ntawd
Limbaugh's "tsis muaj tsawg strident"
cov neeg thuam hais tias nws ua si nrawm thiab xoob nrog
qhov tseeb thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus streak. Tsis muaj quotes los yog
cov ntaub ntawv raug muab thiab tsis tau hais los ntawm
qhov zoo-publicized Fairness thiab raug nyob rau hauv
Phau ntawv qhia Txoj Kev Tsis Yog:
Rush Limbaugh's Reign of ErrorCov. Sau
Ombudsman, tsis txhob thov txim rau cov omissions
thiab puffery tab sis rau daim duab qhia Rush
luag ntxhi. Thiab thaum lub inky kuj muab
Limbaugh ib sab Op Ed, ib qho kev xa tawm nthuav dav
Limbaugh qhov yuam kev los ntawm Jeff Cohen (co-author
ntawm FAIR ntim) raug tsis lees paub.
Qhov no pandering mus rau sab xis
tau characterized Inky's tuav
ntawm cov ntawv thiab Op Ed nplooj ntawv tau ntau xyoo.
Cov no tsis yog tsim los qhia txog teeb meem lossis
txhawb kev sib cav tob tob, uas yuav chim siab
cov pov npav tseem ceeb. Cov inky pom
nws kev ua lag luam raws li tsuas yog cov affluent suburbanites ntawm
Philadelphia; kev koom tes Txhua hnub Xov xwm is
rau noj su pil pej xeem ntawm lub nroog. A
tsis ntev los no inky kev thov ntawm cov neeg tshaj tawm
hais tias cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm 83 feem pua
Philadelphia nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm $ 100,000 lossis ntau dua.
cov inky kev tswj tau ntev pom
tias qhov kev lag luam ntu no xav tau lub siab dawb
kev kho ntawm conservative thiab rightwing pundits
thiab cov inky tau muab kev kho mob zoo li no
rau xyoo lawm.
Thaum xyoo 1980, cov neeg tawm tsam
ntawm Central American tsov rog tsis tu ncua tawm tsam
lub inky's Op Ed nplooj siab dawb rau
tog tsov rog, ua rau tus editor, Edwin Guthman,
sau ob kab ntawv lees paub tias qhov
cov ntawv antiwar tau ntau dua cov
txhawb Reagan, thiab cia siab rau
rightwing nyeem los sau rau hauv kho qhov
imbalance thiab presumably justify lub pro-ua tsov ua rog
kab (Plaub Hlis 6, 1986). Tej zaum peb yuav paub tseeb tias tsis muaj
Inky editor puas tau thov rau kev ywj pheej thiab
sab laug los sau ntawv los txhawb ib tug liberal-sab laug
txoj hauj lwm los yog txoj haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug editorial tawm tswv yim
ntawm kev txais tos rau Barlett-Steele series hauv
1996, tus inky editor sau tseg tias cov ntawv
txhawb Barlett thiab Steele zoo heev
cov uas tawm tsam. Qhov no ib zaug ntxiv qhia
tias qhov kev saib xyuas tsis ncaj ncees ntawm Op Ed nplooj thiab
kaw rationing ntawm liberal-sab laug tawm tswv yim tsis yog
justified los ntawm lub suab uas ncav cuag daim ntawv, tab sis
tshwm sim los ntawm lub siab xav muab ib nplooj ntawv uas
txaus siab rau cov nyeem tseem ceeb thiab cov tshaj tawm.
Nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1990 tsab ntawv mus rau
Central American cov neeg tawm tsam piav qhia inky
tsab ntawv txoj cai, cov ntawv editor sau tias tus
cov ntawv kab ntawv yog "feem ntau rau cov laus laus
zoo tib yam nyeem ua ntej, tsis yog rau pab pawg thiab
cov koom haum nrhiav lub platform los nthuav qhia lawv
kev ntseeg." Citizen Voices for the inky
tsis yog cov neeg hauv Central American tawm tsam
pab pawg, tab sis "cov pej xeem" qub. Qhov no
yog ib qho qauv siv cov ntawv kab ntawv raws li a
xob laim, muab lub tswv yim ntawm ua
democratic thaum ua kom nws feem ntau dawb ntawm
cov ntawv uas yuav to taub.
Pandering rau
Pro-Israel Lobby
cov inky ua
kev zam rau txoj cai ntawm kev zam cov ntawv los ntawm
cov pab pawg uas cov pab pawg muaj zog
thiab ua hem kom zoo. Ib rooj plaub
koom nrog cov pro-Israel chaw tos txais thiab cov
Spectre-Yeakel senatorial kev xaiv tsa kev sib tw ntawm
1992. Daim ntawv yog nyob rau hauv lub siab tsis tu ncua los ntawm
qhov chaw tos txais no, thiab ib daim ntawv ntawm qhov tsua-hauv tau ua ib qho
zoo siab txais tos cov ntawv thiab Op Ed
kem chaw rau nws cov tswv cuab. Tseem ceeb tau
lawv cov kev kho mob ntawm Morton Klein, qhov heev
aggressive, Philadelphia-raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub
Zionist Organization of America, uas muaj xya
tsab ntawv thiab plaub kab Op Ed luam tawm hauv
1991-1992 (thiab ntau tom qab ntawd). Klein zog heev
nyiam Arlen Spectre hauv 1992, thiab ib qho inky
Insider qhia kuv tias Klein faxed inky
lus thuam rau nws qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub
kev xaiv tsa thiab Israeli teeb meem txhua hnub. Lub chaw tos txais
kuj besieged lub inky nrog kev mus ntsib; ib of
nws cov tswv cuab tau sau tseg hauv ib daim ntawv hauv zos uas nws pab pawg
mus xyuas cov neeg kho, uas "tau mloog heev
ua tib zoo thiab, rau lawv cov credit, coj cov kauj ruam mus
kho qhov tsis sib xws hauv qab no
tsab ntawv."
Ib qho tshwm sim ntawm qhov no
lobbying dag zog yog qhov ntawd inky kev pab them nqi ntawm
Spectre-Yeakel phiaj los nqis tes tau muab rau feem ntau
rau tus neeg sau xov xwm Nathan Gorenstein, uas yog tus pro-Specter
bias yog blatant. Nws, thiab lwm yam reporters li
zoo, rov hais dua rau Yeakel txoj kev muaj nyiaj
thiab qhov tseeb tias qee qhov ntawm nws tus kheej cov nyiaj tau mus rau hauv
nws txoj kev sib tw, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau hais txog qhov ntau
ntau cov nyiaj tau los rau hauv Spectre phiaj los nqis tes los ntawm
cov pro-Israel chaw tos txais, thiab cov teeb meem tiag tiag thiab
Spectre cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug them. Ib ntawm
cov yam ntxwv phem ntawm Spectre txoj kev sib tw
yog qhov kev thov uas Yeakel's Bryn Mawr
Lub Koom Txoos Presbyterian tau tawm tsam Semitic, vim
lawv tau muaj qee tus neeg hais lus Pro-Palestinian rau ntawm
Middle East ntawm ib pawg loj uas suav nrog
Spectre (lub ntsiab lus kawg no tsis tau hais los ntawm
Gorenstein). Gorenstein cov dab neeg kho
qhov kev foob ntawm kev tawm tsam Semitism yog qhov teeb meem tiag tiag,
tsis yog smear tactic, thiab Inky yeej tsis tshawb
kev siv ntawm no qias neeg dag los ntawm Spectre thiab nws
txhawb nqa.
cov inky kuj
txhawb nqa lub chaw tos txais thiab Spectre los ntawm kev tshaj tawm
Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tawm tsam Bryn Mawr
Lub Koom Txoos Presbyterian los ntawm Klein, CAMERA zealot Gary
Hma, thiab fanatical hauv zos rabbi Michael
Goldblatt. Qhov kawg tau featured los ntawm inky,
txawm tias tag nrho ntawm qhov yuam kev uas muaj peev xwm editor
yuav tsum lees paub, xws li "Tsis muaj neeg Yudais tus thawj coj
tau sim ua kom sib npaug kev thuam ntawm cov neeg Ixayees nrog
anti-Semitism," thiab nws ua ad hominem thiab
kev dag hais txog cov thawj coj hauv pawg ntseeg Rev. Eugene
Bay thiab Paul Hopkins. Hopkins qhov qis-keyed
teb rau Goldblatt tsis kam luam tawm los ntawm lub
inky.
Kuv lub xyoo caum rau
lub Blacklist
Kuv muaj kev nyuaj siab
ntawm kuv tus kheej nrog cov pro-Israel chaw tos txais cov leeg
nrog rau cov inky. Tom qab muaj peb
ua tiav Op Ed kab coj los ntawm inky
nyob rau hauv 1981-82, plaub tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub xeev
kev ua phem, uas txheeb xyuas cov neeg Ixayees (nrog rau lwm tus)
raws li lub xeev neeg phem. Qhov no elicited flak,
suav nrog qee yam los ntawm cov tseem ceeb pro-Israel hwj chim
brokers nyob rau hauv Philadelphia. Rau xyoo tom ntej
(mus txog 1991) Kuv tsis tuaj yeem tau txais Op Ed rau hauv
daim ntawv, thiab thaum kuv tsis muaj pov thawj nyuaj
ua rau kuv zoo nkauj ntseeg tias tus inky
tau teb rau lub chaw fais fab uas nws
feem ntau grovels, thiab hais tias kuv yog de facto
npe dub.
Thaum lub sijhawm no kuv
luam tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm phau ntawv hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm heev
topicality, tab sis Op Eds ntawm cov ncauj lus no los ntawm a
"local author" tsis tau muag. Ib
thov Op Ed, ntawm kev liam Bulgarian-KGB zaj lus
kom tua Pope nyob rau hauv 1991, ib qho tseem ceeb propaganda
Ploy ntawm Tsov Rog Txias, tau ua raws li phau ntawv, cov
Nce thiab poob ntawm Bulgarian kev sib txuas
(sau nrog Frank Brodhead). Cov inky
luam tawm tsuas yog ib kab lus Op Ed ntawm cov ncauj lus no,
los ntawm rightwinger Michael Ledeen, uas coj lub tswv yim
raws li tau ua pov thawj. Cov inky tsis tsuas
tsis kam lees kuv tej khoom pub, lawv kuj muab tso tseg
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm Diana Johnstone,
tus paub zoo Nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm
tus neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Paris, uas kuv xa rau
nws npe. Hauv nws cov ntawv xov xwm, kuj, cov Inky's
cov neeg sau xov xwm yeej tsis tau tawm ib zaug los ntawm tog
kab; nws "tus kws tshwj xeeb" yog kiag li
uninterested mus nrhiav counter-pov thawj tias kuv
taw qhia rau nws. Thaum rooj plaub tawm tsam
Bulgarians poob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub Italian hauv xyoo 1986,
lub inky tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas; tsis tau
nws tshuaj xyuas qhov teeb meem hauv 1991 thaum yav dhau los CIA
Melvin Goodman tau hais rau lub rooj sib tham thaum lub rooj sib tham
Gates lees paub lub rooj sib hais tias CIA
cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov teeb meem tawm tsam cov
Bulgarians tau dag vim, rau ib tug
vim li cas, lawv tau nkag mus rau Bulgarian zais cia
kev pabcuam. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nyob rau hauv no loj propaganda
ua exercise inky yog ib tug gullible
ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug.
Ob peb ntawm kuv tsis lees paub
kem thaum lub xyoo blacklist tau nyob rau
Central America tsov rog. Ib qho yog raws li phau ntawv Ua qauv qhia
kev xaiv tsa, kuj sau nrog Frank Brodhead,
uas sim qhia tias 1982 Salvadoran
kev xaiv tsa tau ntsib tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tseeb
kev xaiv tsa dawb, tab sis yog kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem
tsim los ua pov thawj rau pej xeem Asmeskas tias peb
kev cuam tshuam tau ncaj ncees, yog li tso cai rau
tsov rog mus ntxiv. (Tam sim no, ob qho tib si ntawm no thiab
hauv El Salvador nws tau thov tias kev xaiv tsa
yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.) Lub
tsuas yog Op Ed kab nyob hauv inky thaum lub sij hawm
1984 Salvadoran lub sijhawm xaiv tsa yog los ntawm James
Kilpatrick, leej twg, ntawm chav kawm, pom nws a
txoj kev cai ywj pheej zoo heev. Cov inky
yog editorially "tawm tsam tsov rog," tab sis
interestingly qhov no tsis ua rau lawv cov editorials
los tawm tsam cov kev xaiv tsa ua qauv qhia
kev dag, tsis yog, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Nicaragua, ua
lawv nthuav tawm cov phiaj xwm kev thaj yeeb Reagan li cynical thiab
hu rau contra war state-sponsored terrorism.
Tsis yog-lawv niaj hnub qhuas qhov kev xav zoo
ntawm cov neeg ua phem txhawb nqa, pom zoo tias Nicaragua
muaj "dictatorship," thiab hais tias lawv
kub caum ntawm contras rau hauv Honduras yog
reprehensible, etc. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub
Salvadoran kev xaiv tsa ntawm 1982 thiab 1984, nrog rau
xov xwm department ua raws li tus thawj coj, thiab
cov editorials weakly critical, lub inky
ntawm kev sib npaug txhawb txoj cai ua tsov rog.
Tib qhov xaus yog
tuaj txog tom qab los ntawm Media Committee ntawm lub
Philadelphia Pledge of Resistance, nyob rau hauv ob
Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab zoo heev ntawm Inky's
Kev pab cuam ntawm Central America rau xyoo 1989-1990,
qhia (ntawm ntau lwm yam, thiab nrog cov khoom
data) uas inky yog "ob zaug li
yuav siv [derogatory] labels" rau
" yeeb ncuab" dua li Asmeskas cov phooj ywg; tias nws
depended ntau dhau ntawm US official qhov chaw thiab
"tsis tshua muaj lus los yog xam phaj"
cov pej xeem lossis cov neeg raug tsim txom; uas nws cov duab xaiv
txoj cai txhawb State Department txoj cai (no
cov duab ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom hauv El Salvador lossis
Panama); thiab hais tias nws tsis tshua tau them rau Salvadoran
tub rog tua thiab yuav luag tsis tau hais txog nws
lub luag hauj lwm rau feem coob ntawm cov pej xeem
kev tuag. Raws li Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm tsis quav ntsej Guatemala, yog li
ua tus Inky, thiab nws muab "tseem ceeb heev
kev pab them nqi rau qhov tsis tau pom dua ua ntej hauv Asmeskas
national and local demonstrations/civil
disobedience tawm tsam US txoj cai thiab
kev cuam tshuam." Daim ntawv txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees li
hais txog txhua lub teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam yog
tseem ceeb thiab txhawb nqa kev cuam tshuam ntawm Asmeskas.
Columnists Ntawm
Center rau Far Right
Rov qab rau xyoo 1970, thaum lub
inky muaj George Will thiab William Rusher ntawm
lub National Review thiab far-rightists John
Lofton thiab Smith Hempstone (feemly sib npaug los ntawm
Mike Royko thiab David Broder) ua cov neeg sau xov xwm, I
mus xyuas cov chaw kho mob kom sim muag lawv
ntawm Howard Zinn, uas tom qab ntawd muaj kab ke sib koom ua ke.
Kuv ua tsis tau tejyam no, thiab cov inky yeej tsis muaj
muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua columnist kom deb li deb "sab laug"
raws li Mary McGory. Lawv muaj lub teeb,
teeb meem-evading centrists zoo li Broder, yooj yim
overpowered los ntawm rightwingers zoo li Will thiab Charles
Krauthammer, uas tag nrho los ntawm 1980s nias
Reaganite propaganda kab ntawm Central
Amelikas, kev hem thawj rau Soviet, thiab kev noj qab haus huv
leej niam hem, tsuas yog tsis muaj zog tawm tsam. Cov inky
tiv thaiv cov columnist imbalance nyob rau hauv av
hais tias lawv tus kheej editorials yog liberal, zoo li yog
lawv cov cartoonist Tony Auth, yog li ntawd
"sab laug" yog zoo them. Tab sis qhov no
kev sib cav tsis tuav dej. Raws li tau hais hauv Central
Amelikas, txawm tias thaum muaj kev tawm tsam rau
txoj cai inky cov ntawv kho tsis zoo
kev cuam tshuam, thiab ntawm ntau txoj cai lawv muaj
distinctly illiberal: lub inky sau ntawv
txhawb Clarence Thomas, Panama thiab Gulf
kev tsov kev rog, thiab Clinton lub foob pob thiab tshaib plab ntawm
Iraq; NAFTA; lub anti-PC crusade; privatization;
qhov xav tau ceev kom sib npaug ntawm cov peev nyiaj; tus
Concord Coalition saib ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm Social
Kev ruaj ntseg; thiab Boris Yeltsin ua tus cawm seej
heev desirably Lavxias teb sab "reforms."
Nrog liberalism li no leej twg xav tau
cov neeg saib xyuas?
Txhua tus tshiab rightwinger uas
tuaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no ncaj nraim mus rau hauv
lub inky Op Ed kab - Greg
Easterbrook thiab Michael Silverstein ntawm kev hem thawj
ntawm tus environmentalists, Mickey Kaus kawg
ntawm kev sib npaug, Richard Rector ntawm cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub
welfare hem, Christina Sommers thiab Camille
Paglia ntawm menace ntawm feminism. Sommers thiab
Paglia tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm raws li nplooj ntawv Op Ed
tau latched rau Cathy Young, uas tau dhau lawm
50 kab txij li xyoo 1993, ib feem loj
aggressively tawm tsam feminists. Yeej muaj tseeb li ntawd
lub inky feem ntau nqa Ellen Goodman thiab
Sally Steenland, tab sis cov poj niam no
general-interest columnists uas tsis tshua muaj nyob
thiab tiv thaiv feminist kev txhawj xeeb. Lawv nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev
offset tsis tu ncua anti-feminist aggression ntawm
Hluas, supplemented los ntawm columnist thiab qub
editor David Boldt, lub zos txoj cai pab txhawb
editor Mark Randall, thiab cov neeg nyiam hauv zos Ronald
James ("Cov feminists nyob qhov twg thaum a
tus muam xav tau kev pab? Dawb Leona!", Lub Xya Hli 8,
1992).
cov inky lawm los
ua siab zoo rau Dinesh D'Souza. Nws phau ntawv Tsis ncaj ncees lawm
Education tau muab ib tug featured muab ob npaug rau xyuas
(ib qho zoo, ib qho tseem ceeb). Nrog nws tus tshiab
haiv neeg, Qhov kawg ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug [sic!], nws
tau muab dav dav Op Ed qhov chaw (thiab tau txheeb xyuas raws li
conservative "scholar"), ib tug featured
Phau ntawv tshuaj xyuas, ntxiv rau kev qhuas los ntawm David Boldt.
Thaum D'Souza hais lus ntawm St. Joseph College
tom qab luam tawm ntawm Kev kawm tsis ncaj ncees,
nws cov lus tau muaj siab dav inky sau tau
ua kom tiav nrog ib daim duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov
tus hais lus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Noam Chomsky
tau nyob hauv Philadelphia, hais lus txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag
ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj hauv plawv. Tsis tsuas yog Chomsky's
lus tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv inky, lub
daim ntawv tsis kam qhia tias nws yuav tsum coj
qhov chaw, txawm tias rov thov dua. Chomsky muaj
yeej tsis muaj Op Ed kab nyob rau hauv inky; nws
muab ib qho, los ntawm kev caw, ntau xyoo dhau los,
tab sis nws yeej tsis tau luam tawm, thiab tsis muaj lus piav qhia
puas tau muab rau qhov tsis ua li ntawd. Feem ntau
nquag luam tawm tus kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag ntawm Op Ed
nploojโ22 kab, 1994-1996โyog Walter
Williams, qhov kev tawm tsam dub ua ntej koom ua ke
los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab tus tuav ntawm Olin Foundation
lub rooj zaum. Nws tshwj xeeb hauv kev tawm tsam cov cai
(ntawm cov neeg pluag), kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev lees paub
kev ua. Tus kws tshaj lij nyiaj txiag hauv zos, Richard
DuBoff, tau tshaj tawm tsawg dua
nquagโob kab ntawv, 1994-1996โthiab
nws cov ntaub ntawv muab tso rau Op Ed editor nyob rau hauv
kev ntxhov siab. Piv txwv li, DuBoff xa ib qho Op Ed rau
Lub Xya Hli 16, 1996, tiv thaiv Social Security. Qhov Op
Ed editor, thaum thawb, hais rau DuBoff tias nws
nrhiav tsis tau "peg" rau lub
daim, txawm tias kev ruaj ntseg kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov teeb meem kub
thiab nws tau tshaj tawm "unpegged"
hnov-zoo tripe thiab Walter Williams kab
tsis muaj teeb meem. Daim ntawv tsis tau luam tawm.
DuBoff xa ib qho ntxiv rau lub Ib Hlis 1997
qhov teeb meem loj heev ntawm kev nqis peev Social
Cov nyiaj ruaj ntseg hauv khw muag khoom. Tus editor
raug daig: yog li nws tau ua yog thov ib qho
" teb" los ntawm Michael Tanner ntawm lub
Cato Institute, los teeb tsa nrog DuBoff's
daim (uas nws kuj txiav thiab softened), mus
muab "sib npaug."
Qhov thib ob feem ntau
luam tawm inky cov neeg sab hauv yog Claude Lewis
thiab Trudy Rubin. Lewis, uas yog dub, yog zoo meej
rau lub inky raws li nws muab haiv neeg sib npaug
thaum nyob zoo nyob rau hauv cov ciam teb tau txais
mus rau qhov chaw dawb. Nws txhawb nqa
Clarence Thomas (txawm hais tias nws qhov credit nws
tsis ntev los no qhia kev tu siab thiab lees tias muaj
ua yuam kev), txhawb Arlen Spectre rau lub
Senate hauv 1992, pom tias "Tam sim no Bush yog ib tug
qab ntxiag surprise" (September 13, 1989),
sib cav raws Reagan kab tias cov neeg tsis muaj tsev nyob ua
kev xaiv dawb thiab thov rau nws ("Tsis muaj tsev nyob,
los ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsis ua hauj lwm," Kaum Ob Hlis 27, 1989),
thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis ntev los no marvel ntawm lub crack-cocaine CIA
kev sib txuas, sau tseg tias "Txawm tias CIA
dej nyab sab hauv nroog nrog tawg, dub
tsis tau hais tias 'tsis yog'" (September
25, 1996). Lewis qhia nws txoj kev sib koom siab dub los ntawm
ua siab tawv denuncing Texaco cov tub ceev xwm rau kev ntxub ntxaug
tham thiab tham qhia hosts rau kev ntxub ntxaug innuendo.
Trudy ("Kuv hlub
Boris") Rubin, tus Inky's
txawv teb chaws txoj cai tshwj xeeb, yog ib zaug zoo nkauj heev
reporter, tab sis nws ntev stint ntawm lub inky
editorial board tau coj tus xov tooj hnyav thiab nws muaj
xyoo dhau los nws tau hais dab tsi li ntawd
departs ib iota los ntawm lub lag luam txawv teb chaws
txoj cai pom zoo. Nws kuj ua grossly
cov lus tsis raug, zoo li, "[tus
Cov neeg European] tawm tsam Asmeskas tsiv mus rau cais tawm
Saddam Hussein ua ntej 1990" (Lub Yim Hli 7, 1996;
Tebchaws Asmeskas tau thov Saddam mus txog Lub Yim Hli 31,
Xyoo 1990; qhov tseeb yuam kev no yog uncorrectable nyob rau hauv lub
kab ntawv kab). Nws thov txim rau Yeltsin, tus
tawm tsam rau Parliament thiab Txoj Cai Lij Choj xyoo 1993,
Xyoo 1996 kev xaiv tsa, Chechnya Tsov Rog thiab
Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev hloov kho Lavxias teb sab tau raug
grounded nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim zam ntawm inconvenient
qhov tseeb. Lawv tau ua tus editorial thiab Op Ed
nplooj ntawv travesty ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb no.
Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1995, inky
editor Jane Eisner tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv
syndicated columnists, hloov ob peb nkees
centrists nrog lwm tus, thiab hloov Yauxej
Sobran rau George Will. Sobran nyob deb
txoj cai ntawm cov tsis tu ncua ntawm txoj cai National
Review. Eisner piav txog Sobran's
xaiv hauv av uas "peb tau
hnov ntau zaus los ntawm cov nyeem uas yws tias qhov no
hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis yog
sawv cev rau ntawm peb nplooj ntawv. "
Eisner tsis tau ua nws
ua haujlwm tom tsev. Sobran's outbursts thiab sov
kev koom tes nrog cov pro-Nazi, anti-Semitic, thiab
kev ntxub ntxaug instauration nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s tau tshwm sim
Midge Decter los sau nws "ib tug crude thiab liab qab
anti-semite" thiab txawm coj William Buckley mus
deb ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm Sobran, luv luv. Hauv xyoo 1994
Sobran thuam Schindler's List as
"hlocaust harping" uas muaj
"tau tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm," thiab lwm yam
kem assailed Roosevelt rau tau txais peb
ua tsov rog xyoo 1941 vim nws tsis tsim nyog
antipathy rau Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees.
Eisner coj me ntsis ntawm
flak rau nqa hauv Sobran, tab sis tiv thaiv nws tus kheej
nyob rau hauv luam los ntawm ib tug xaiv nyeem ntawm nws ua hauj lwm thiab
nws tus kheej kev lees paub tias nws khuv xim qee yam
nws cov lus yav dhau los. Nws kuj hais nrog zoo heev
pomposity tias "Kuv nkag siab tias ib txhia
cov neeg nyeem xav qhib cov nplooj ntawv no thiab nrhiav ib txheej
ntawm kev xav uas ua raws li kev zoo siab rau lawv tus kheej
saib. Kuv ntshai tsam kuv nyob tsis tau
lawv." Eisner pom meej tsis nco qab nws yav dhau los
nqe lus lees txais nws qhov chaw nyob rau
rightwing nyeem xav ntawm ib
"unvarnished conservative." Ib tsab ntawv
kos npe los ntawm 55 tus neeg taw qhia nws
inconsistency, thiab nug yog vim li cas sab laug yuav tsum
txaus siab rau txoj kev centrists uas yeej tsis
twv qhov xwm txheej quo, raug tsis kam lees
luam tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Ntawv Sau Ntawv tau ua,
luam tawm tsab ntawv extolling Eisner's
"paub tseeb." Zoo heev rau cov neeg pej xeem
Suab.
cov
Barlett-Steele Anomaly
Barlett thiab
Steele's populism tsis haum ib yam nkaus
yooj yim rau niaj hnub no inky, mas as
sau tseg tias daim ntawv no tsis yog kaw nkaus rau
qhov tseeb thiab kev xav thiab cov neeg sau ntawv muaj
ua lub koob npe nrov rau kev tshawb nrhiav
kev tshawb fawb. Lawv productions txhawb nqa inky
ncig, txhim kho nws lub koob npe nrov txawm tias lawv
"mus deb heev," thiab lawv tuaj nrog xwb
sij hawm heev. Cov inky tuaj yeem txhawb nqa
NAFTA thiab feem ntau zam cov teeb meem faib khoom
xyoo tom qab xyoo, tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj tsis xis nyob los ntawm
lub tsev populists.
Barlett/Steele populism
kuj muaj nws txwv. Lawv tsis yaum ib
muaj zog tag nrho txoj cai ua hauj lwm los yog muaj zog
cov koom haum ua haujlwm raws li kev txhim kho kev faib nyiaj tau los;
thiab lawv tsis hais txog kev txiav tawm hauv tub rog
pob nyiaj siv los yog decentralization ntawm cov tuam txhab
system thiab media. Lawv txhawb nqa kev tshaj tawm nyiaj txiag
kev hloov kho, uas txhua leej txhua tus pom zoo tab sis qhov twg yog
nyuaj los tswj lossis tswj nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm
kev tsis sib xws tsis raug. Lawv kuj coj dubious
txoj haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nkag tebchaws-lawv
txhawb kev nruj nruj kom qhib txawv teb chaws
kev lag luam, thiab, txawm hais tias hais kom them se ntau dua ntawm TNC
cov nyiaj tau los, lawv tsis muaj lus pom zoo rau
tswj US txawv teb chaws peev los yog
thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam nyiaj txiag speculation. Lawv ua tsis tiav
kom paub tias muaj kev nkag tebchaws ntau heev
siab los ntawm US thiab IMF txoj cai txawv teb chaws
uas tsim cov neeg tawg rog kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag.
Rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab-1970s, thaum
SANE yog ib lub koom haum ua tswv cuab muaj zog hauv
Philadelphia, lawv tau teeb tsa cov tswv cuab tawm tsam
tawm tsam tus heev conservative editor ntawm lub inky,
Creed Dub, nrog ntau cov qhab nia ntawm cov ntawv thiab
ntau lub xov tooj hu rau John Knight thiab lwm tus hauv
tus thawj tswj hwm. Dub tau hloov los ntawm Ed
Guthman tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, thiab inky
tau ua ib daim ntawv zoo me ntsis. Tab sis peb ua tsis tiav
los tuav lub koom haum thiab theem ntawm
activism, thiab cov liberals thiab sab laug ntawm
Philadelphia feem ntau zaum ntawm sidelines li
pej xeem tsis sawv cev, kom deb li deb inky
mus. Thiab cov inky tseem yog "ib feem ntawm
qhov teeb meem,"hais tsis tu ncua rau cov
kev tsim kho, muab lub suab zoo txaus, thiab
marginalizing pej xeem ntawm sab laug. Peb xav tau tshiab
media rau lub suab tiag, tab sis peb kuj yuav tsum sib ntaus
nyuaj kom tau txais kev sawv cev thiab cov pej xeem me me
sphere kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm uas twb muaj lawm, uas
yuav haum rau qee qhov ntawm cov neeg uas nias
nyuaj thiab nrog tenacity.
Edward S. Herman yog ib
xib fwb ntawm nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Wharton,
University of Pennsylvania, thiab tus sau los yog
ntau phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, kev lag luam,
thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai.