Edward S. Herman
Txhua zaus cov xov xwm tseem ceeb ntawm pob
teb rau ib zaj dab neeg cuam tshuam lub teeb muaj zog ntawm lawv qhov tob
kev tsis ncaj ncees. Xws li yog rooj plaub tom qab luam tawm ntawm
Gary Webb's series nyob rau hauv lub San Jose Mercury Xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov
CIA qhov kev sib txuas rau kev sib kis yeeb tshuaj hauv Los Angeles.
Tus cwj pwm, cov xov xwm tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua lossis muab ib qho
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov koob, txawm tias nws muaj
ib qho kev nthuav dav nthuav dav ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb heev.
Muab cov ntsiab lus ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, tsis sib haum nrog cov
knocking-down-a-straw-tus neeg mus kom ze uas cov xov xwm pom ntau dua
raws li lawv nyiam.
Webb yeej tsis lees tias CIA yog
koom ncaj qha rau hauv kev muag tshuaj los ntawm Contra-related cov neeg, los yog
tias lawv tau npaj ib qho kev ntaus rau cov neeg dub hauv Los Angeles. Nws
pom lawv tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau ob yam: CIA
Muaj tseeb paub txog Contra kev koom tes thiab tsis muaj dab tsi los xaus
nws, thiab Webb muab pov thawj txaus ntseeg tias CIA thiab lwm yam
tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv Contra-txog cov neeg muag tshuaj uas
nyob rau lub teb chaws no thiab mus ncig dawb. Ntau yam yooj yim dua
nrog Webb hais tias nws yeej tsis ua pov thawj tias CIA tau tawm mus
txoj kev muag khoom.
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, ib qho kev pab cuam ntawm Tebchaws Askiv ITV,
"Zaj Dab Neeg Loj," tau hais txog CIA-Contra-drug
kev sib txuas uas dhau mus dhau ntawm Gary Webb. Nws tau sib cav
muaj tias CIA " nquag txhawb kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj hauv
txiav txim kom pab nyiaj rau sab xis-tis Contra cov neeg ntxeev siab hauv Nicaragua thaum lub sijhawm
Xyoo 1980s, thiab CIA tus neeg sawv cev hauv Nicaragua tau ua haujlwm los xyuas kom meej
nyiaj mus rau Contras thiab tsis mus rau hauv hnab ris ntawm cov tshuaj
barons,โฆโ (Christopher Bellamy, nyob rau hauv lub Independent
[London], Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 1996). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg yog
Carlos Cabezas, yav dhau los smuggler uas tau xa cocaine los ntawm
Central America mus rau San Francisco thiab tom qab ntawd coj cov nyiaj mus rau
lub hauv paus hauv Miami ntawm Contra thawj coj Adolf Calero thiab rau
Contra pawg hauv Costa Rica. ITV program kuj xam phaj
Celerino Castillo, ib tug US Drug Enforcement Officer
ua haujlwm hauv El Salvador, uas tau nthuav tawm cov phiaj xwm dav hlau rau tshuaj (thiab
nyiaj) xa khoom los ntawm CIA hangars hauv El Salvador mus rau hauv thiab tawm
Tebchaws Meskas. Lub New York Times muaj ib tsab xov xwm
qhia Calero qhov tsis kam lees paub txog kev sib txuas tshuaj (Nov.
27), tab sis nws tseem tsis tau mus ncig rau Cabezas lossis Castillo.
Contra-Drug-Reagan
Kev sib txuas lus
Kev tshaj xov xwm ncaj ncees ntawm Webb zaj dab neeg
yuav tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ua ntej loj heev
pov thawj tias Contras tau koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj
kev lag luam, uas ntau ntawm lawv cov muag khoom tuaj rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv
dav hlau siv los nqa cov khoom siv rau cov "kev ywj pheej
fighters" (xws li, peb cov neeg phem), thiab hais tias qhov no twb paub
cov thawj coj Reagan thiab tau aggressively tiv thaiv. Cov
Colombian tshuaj barons kuj ua khoom plig loj rau lawv Contra
phooj ywg. Ntau qhov kev nkag hauv Oliver North phau ntawv teev npe ua rau nws
paub meej tias nws thiab nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa kev ua phem
paub, lees txais, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev lag luam tshuaj Contra. Hauv ib
kev sib tham nrog Richard Secord hnub tim 12 Lub Xya Hli, 1985, rau
Piv txwv li, North tau sau tseg tias "14 M [ lab daus las] rau nyiaj txiag
[Lub caj npab khaws cia hauv Honduran warehouse] los ntawm cov tshuaj. "
pov thawj ntawm kev paub, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev txhawb nqa tau dhau los,
txawm hais tias nws tuaj tawm hauv ib nplooj ntawv rov qab trickle, nyob rau hauv lwm txoj
xov xwm, thiab hauv Kerry pawg neeg sib hais thiab tshaj tawm. (Rau
cov pov thawj ntxiv, saib Norman Solomon zoo heev "Snow
Txoj hauj lwm," nyob rau lub Ib Hlis Ntuj-Lub Ob Hlis 1997 EXTRA!)
Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm (1983-1990) Reagan-Bush
kev tswj hwm tsis tsuas yog aggressively pab, abetted thiab
tiv thaiv Contra tshuaj xyuas, lawv koom nrog ib qho loj thiab
kev tsis ncaj ncees los ua rau Sandinistas kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj
neeg phem. Reagan tau hais ntau zaus ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib hauv tebchaws
hais tias "cov thawj coj tseem ceeb hauv Nicaraguan tau mob siab rau
koom nrog kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj, "thiab hauv ib qho ntawm feem ntau
kev txaj muag hauv keeb kwm Asmeskas xov xwm, cov xov xwm tseem ceeb
tso cai rau qhov kev siv zog ob leeg ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev hloov mus rau
ua tiav. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv zog tiv thaiv, lub
xov xwm marginalized Kerry pawg neeg lub rooj sib hais thiab ceeb toom ntawm
1989, txawm deriding Kerry ua ib tug extremist thiab ib tug kook rau caum
qhov teeb meem no heev unrelentingly (ib "randy conspiracy buff"
in Newsweek's muab tso). (Yog xav paub ntxiv, Robert Parry,
"Lost History: Contra- Crack Story Assailed," cov
Kev Sib Raug Zoo, Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1996.)
Qub thiab Stale History
Nyob rau hauv fending tawm ntawm Webb zaj dab neeg
cov xov xwm tseem ceeb tau muaj cov chutzpah tshaj tawm cov hauv paus
Cov lus tseeb txog Contra-drug-CIA kev koom tes nrog "dab neeg qub."
Tab sis raws li cov xov xwm tseem ceeb downplayed "dab neeg qub"
thaum nws yog tshiab, tsis pub nws los ua ib zaj dab neeg loj uas ua tau
txav cov pej xeem, txoj kab ntawm kev tawm tsam Webb yog kiag li
tsis ncaj ncees. Lawv tiv thaiv Contra tshuaj rov qab rau xyoo 1980s,
tso cai Reaganite disinformation ntawm Sandinista tshuaj trading rau
ntau tshaj li offset qhov tseeb ntawm Contra dealing, thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv retrospect
lawv tiv thaiv nws thiab CIA los ntawm kev thov cov dab neeg stale, dag
implying tias lawv ib zaug tau muab nws kom raug. Muaj
Lwm yam kev ua siab phem hais txog qhov "dab neeg qub" gambit:
Piv txwv li, Oliver North thiab John Poindexter tau sim ua npe
Panama tus thawj coj nom tswv, tus tswv lag luam ntev ntev thiab CIA cov cuab yeej cuab tam,
Manuel Noriega hauv kev tsov rog tawm tsam Nicaragua. Thaum Noriega tsis kam
los koom tes, cov thawj coj Reagan "pib txhawb
kev iab liam yeeb tshuaj tawm tsam nws, "thiab cov xov xwm ua raws tau pom
nws cov yeeb yaj kiab kev lag luam xov xwm (Robert Parry, Fooling America).
Thaum Noriega raug muab tso rau hauv kev sim ntawm no, cov thawj coj trotted
tawm cov neeg muag tshuaj uas tau ua tim khawv ua ntej pawg neeg Kerry,
tab sis lawv cov lus tim khawv rau Kerry tau raug txo los ntawm tus
cov xov xwm tseem ceeb vim lawv yog cov lag luam yeeb tshuaj tsis ntseeg.
Keith Schneider ntawm lub New York Times hais "law
tub ceev xwm" rau cov nyhuv uas Contra-drug txuas
los ntawm Kerry "tau los ntawm ib pawg me me ntawm cov tshuaj txhaum cai
cov neeg ua lag luam... leej twg tsis tau hais txog qhov tsis sib xws lossis Lub Tsev Dawb
kom txog rau thaum Iran-Contra kev sib raug zoo tau tawg rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis [1986]." Qhov no
yog dag; Kerry thawj zaug ua pov thawj tau hais li no ntau lub hlis
ua ntej lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum cov tib neeg no
ua tim khawv tawm tsam Noriega, nrog cov pov thawj tiag tiag
cuam โโtshuam los ntawm deals muab los ntawm lawv lub tsev loj cuj controllers, lub
Sijhawm thiab lwm yam xov xwm tau kho lawv cov lus thov
"objectively" thiab tsis muaj kev xav txog lawv
ua ntej ntau dubious luv nqi ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm
"raug txim cov neeg lag luam yeeb tshuaj."
Zaj dab neeg qub "gambit" yog ib
txheem xov xwm ua kom yuam kev, thiab tuaj yeem pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm tseeb
lub luag hauj lwm thaum peb piv lawv siv "qab zib thiab laus"
dab neeg (uas cia lawv pov tseg ib tug yeeb ncuab) nrog dab neeg uas yog
"stale and old," uas mob siab rau "lub teb chaws
kev txaus siab." Katyn Forest tua neeg hauv tebchaws Poland rov qab los hauv Ntiaj Teb
Tsov rog II, ua los ntawm ib tug yeeb ncuab lub xeev, yog qab zib thiab qub; nruab nrab
Jan. 1, 1988 thiab June 1, 1990, the New York Times muaj 20 leeg
cov ntawv xov xwm, tsib ntawm nplooj ntawv pem hauv ntej, thiab 2 cov ntawv kho rau qhov ntawd
tua neeg. Ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua zaj dab neeg qub, yog
rov ua dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum nws tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1990 ntawd
CIA tau khav theeb txog kev pab South Africa raug ntes
Nelson Mandela rov qab rau xyoo 1962, Thawj Tswj Hwm Bush tau tshaj tawm
qhov no yog "dab neeg qub," thiab cov xov xwm tseem ceeb
obligingly ua si nws down (the lub sij hawm muaj ib tug luv luv rov qab
nplooj ntawv ceeb toom ntawm ntu). Thaum nws tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1990 ntawd
CIA tau pab npaj thiab ua tub rog zais cia sab xis
thoob plaws teb chaws Europe tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, nyob rau hauv lub npe code
Operation Gladio, thiab hais tias ib txhia ntawm lawv tau los ua neeg phem
kev khiav hauj lwm, tag nrho peb kab lus hauv lub lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb cov
antiquity ntawm zaj dab neeg raws li lub ntsiab yog vim li cas muab nws me ntsis
xim.
Lub Operation Gladio zaj dab neeg tau kawg
txaus ntshai heev, hais txog lub luag haujlwm phem ntawm CIA thiab US
txoj cai txawv teb chaws nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm txoj cai
ntshai. Qhov tsis yooj yim sib npaug yog Kathy Kadane txoj kev kawm qhia
tias CIA thiab Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau koom tes nrog kev txaus siab
nyob rau hauv Indonesian pawg neeg tua neeg ntawm 1965, suav nrog muab cov
cov neeg tua neeg nrog "cov npe dav dav ntawm Communist
operativesโฆdown to village cadres.โ Thawj zaug tshwm nyob rau hauv lub
Herald-Journal ntawm Spartanburg, South Carolina thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1990,
ob peb tus majors khiav txoj kev kawm, tsis kam lees thiab nrog lub sijhawm
lag. Tab sis tsis yog New York Times, uas tsim los hloov
ib qho ntawm nws cov classics ntawm kev tswj kev puas tsuaj, los ntawm Michael Wines
("CIA Tie Asserted in Indonesia Purge," Lub Xya Hli 12, 1990).
Nco ntsoov siv lo lus "purge" raws li kev piav qhia ntawm tus
Kev tua neeg ntawm tej zaum ib lab Indonesians, feem ntau tsis muaj av
cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Tab sis daim ntawv ua li cas lub sij hawm ua tom qab nrog
Webb: Cov lus hais tsawg heev los ntawm Kadane, rov qab tsis lees paub los ntawm CIA
thiab lwm cov tub ceev xwm uas Kadane tau txhais lawv qhov tseeb
nqe lus kom raug. Kadane zaj dab neeg nug US official
decency thiab nco ntsoov lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm uas lub
"mob siab" Suharto tau tsim nws lub tebchaws tsis ncaj ncees. Rau
qhov no, nws yog mus rau barricades rau cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm official
ntawv.
CIA As A Source
Nrog rau Webb zaj dab neeg peb pom lub ntsiab
media retreating ib zaug ntxiv rau CIA, nrog rau ntau yam tub ceev xwm
rog, raws li qhov tseeb. CIA tau tsis lees paub qhov
Contra-drug kev sib txuas hauv 1986 thiab 1987 (Parry, "Lost
Keeb Kwm: Kerry-Weld Cocaine War," Lub Consortium,
Kaum Ib Hlis 11, 1996), thiab cov xov xwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam Webb
xyoo 1996 tau lees paub tias CIA tau dag
qhov teeb meem ntawm tes. Lub Webb zaj dab neeg tawg thaum lub sijhawm
CIA, Pentagon, thiab tub ceev xwm raug nthuav tawm yuav luag txhua hnub
prevaricators. CIA-Pentagon tiv thaiv cov pov thawj ntawm cov
kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv Gulf War tau kos cov xov xwm hauv lub
tib lub sij hawm raws li qhov kev sib cav txog Webb zaj dab neeg, tab sis qhov no
tsis thab cov xov xwm tseem ceeb kiag li. Nws kuj tsis thab
cov xov xwm uas lawv tau thov kev lees paub thiab tsis lees paub
ntawm cov tog neeg raug liam ntawm kev ua txhaum cai lossis kev ua txhaum cai.
cov New York Times rub nws
Cov lus xaus ntawm "kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas tab sis tsis muaj
daim duab puas tsuaj" raws li kev xam phaj nrog
"tam sim no thiab yav dhau los kev txawj ntse thiab kev cai lij choj
cov thawj coj, cov thawj coj ntxeev siab qub thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa Contra," uas
"uniformly muab ntau yam piav qhia ntawm lub
Nicaraguan lub luag haujlwm" (Tim Golden, Lub Kaum Hli 21, 1996). Raws li Joel
Kovel hais tias, โTam sim no muaj kev sib sau xov xwm tsis ncaj ncees
rau koj. Lub Sijhawm khiav rooj plaub los ntawm tus neeg raug liam, uas tsis lees paub
nqi. Xav txog qhov ua qhov kev sim Nuremberg los ntawm kev nug tus
Nazi siab hais tias seb peb Reich puas tau koom nrog
kev ua txhaum cai rau tib neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd so rooj plaub. "
("Tus Loj Pusher," Anderson Valley Advertiser,
Nov 27, 1996). Cov xov xwm yuav tsis nug cov neeg raug liam
cov neeg yog tias lawv ua txhaum ntawm kev liam txhaum cai thiab coj lawv
teb raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Qhov no ob txheej txheem-credibility li
hais txog cov lus tshaj tawm thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev sib tw rau
qhov tseeb tseeb โ tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev txiav txim siab
uas aggressively tawm tsam dissent thiab rau txim rau cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab
media uas tawm ntawm kab. Cov Reaganites tau ua qhov no thaum xyoo 1980s
los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab lwm yam cuab yeej ntawm
kev tsis tseeb thiab kev thab plaub. Jack Blum, tus qub tshwj xeeb
cov lus ntuas rau pawg neeg Kerry rov qab rau xyoo 1980s, tau sau tseg tsis ntev los no
hais tias "peb tau raug rau kev sib tw ua kom muaj kev lees paub
txhua yam peb ua. Txhua hmo tom qab muaj kev sib hais plaub rau pej xeem,
cov neeg tswj hwm yuav tau txais xov tooj [thiab] hu xov tooj
thiab hais tias cov tim khawv yog tag nrho cov neeg dag, lawv tau tham nrog peb
tau qhov zoo dua. Hais tias peb nyob rau ntawm ib tug vendetta politic, uas
tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum ntseeg, thiab thov tsis txhob npog nws."
(Nws zaj lus tim khawv lub Kaum Hlis 23 ua ntej Senate Intelligence
Pawg neeg raug tsim tawm hauv CovertAction peb lub hlis twg,
Lub caij ntuj no 1996).
Cov kev tawm tsam no tau zoo; nws ua
txaus ntshai tshaj tawm qhov tseeb ua rau mob siab rau kev ua phem rau kev ua phem. Ntau
Cov neeg sau xov xwm tau txhawb nqa Asmeskas kev cuam tshuam rau qhov twg thiab tsis xav tau
siab kom haum. Ntau lwm tus, nyob rau hauv kev qhuab qhia los ntawm saum toj no, li
nrog rau kev tsim txom los ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab txoj cai
pundits, caved nyob rau hauv. Keith Schneider ntawm lub New York Times,
leej twg ua tau ib txoj hauj lwm zoo los pab cov thawj coj saib tsis taus cov
thov kev sib txuas ntawm Contra-drug, piav qhia tias Contra-drug
zaj dab neeg "tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub tebchaws," kom "khiav
zaj dab neeg, nws tau zoo dua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws peb
tuaj yeem ua tau" (Nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm, Lub Yim Hli 5, 1987, hais hauv EXTRA!
Hloov tshiab, Kaum Hli Ntuj 1996). Tab sis nrog kev tswj hwm
assailing tag nrho hostile tim khawv li unreliable, nws hloov tawm hais tias
yeej tsis muaj peev xwm txaus "pov thawj."
Tsoom fwv kev tshaj tawm tuaj yeem ua tau zoo
tswj kev tshaj tawm xov xwm thaum muaj kev lees paub raug ua rau
qhov kawg txhais ntawm qhov tseeb. Qhov txwv, nthuav tawm rooj plaub yog
Robert Parry's thiab Brian Barger qhov kev paub nrog Associated
Xovxwm rov qab rau xyoo 1985. Cov neeg sau xov xwm no tau txais kev xam phaj ntau heev
hauv Costa Rica taw tes rau kev sib txuas ntawm Contra-drug, tab sis lawv tau
hais rov qab hauv New York tias zaj dab neeg tsis tuaj yeem khiav mus txog "peb
tau txais daim ntawv lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv
official ntawd yuav yog "cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj."
Mainstream Media vs Dub
Community Gullibility
Qee lub sij hawm CIA txwv tsis pub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
vim lawv yuav cuam tshuam ib zaj dab neeg propaganda yooj yim. Cov
Cov ntaub ntawv classic yog liam Soviet-Bulgarian zaj dab neeg los tua cov
Pope nyob rau hauv 1981-lub Pope raug tua los ntawm ib tug sab xis-tis Turkish fanatic,
thiab lub tshuab tshaj tawm tau hais tias KGB nyob tom qab nws (thiab
Thaum kawg tus neeg tua phom tau yaum kom nyob hauv tsev loj cuj Italian rau
ntiv tes KGB). Thaum lub rooj sib hais qhov rooj sib tham hauv 1991,
Txawm li cas los xij, yav dhau los CIA tus kws tshaj lij Melvin Goodman tau nthuav tawm qhov ntawd
CIA tau nkag mus rau Bulgarian cov kev pabcuam zais cia thiab paub
zoo heev uas cov propaganda kab yog cuav, tab sis cov thawj coj ntawm
CIA thiab Reagan cov thawj coj cia lawv nyob ntsiag to, thiab cov
gullible media tau gulled. Hauv kev tshaj tawm lub rooj sib hais rooj plaub hauv
ib co nthuav dav, cov New York Times suppressed tus Goodman no
zaj lus tim khawv, uas qhia tau meej tias daim ntawv tau txais kev pab
raws li lub koom haum ntawm disinforming propaganda.
Lawv tau gulled yooj yim, thiab tsis tu ncua
gulled yooj yim thaum ib tug propaganda thov fits lawv biases thiab yog
yooj yim rau kev tsim txoj cai. Hauv kev sib txuas ntawm Bulgarian
cov ntaub ntawv lawv tau nyob rau ntawm ib tug gullibility bandwagon, ua tsis tau tejyam nug nyuaj
cov lus nug, thiab nthuav tawm pob ntawv xov xwm ntawm nws feem ntau
saib tsis taus.
Yog li ntawd nws yog funny kom pom cov
cov neeg tseem ceeb tam sim no liam cov zej zog dub ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj,
conspiratorial xav, thiab "paranoia" hauv kev lees txais
Gary Webb rooj plaub rau CIA kev koom tes hauv LA kev lag luam tshuaj. Yog tus
cov xov xwm tseem ceeb tau txais ntawm kev tshaj tawm bandwagons uas pab cov neeg tseem ceeb
kev txaus siab, zoo li KGB-Bulgarian Kev Sib Txuas, lossis qhov raug liam
"political correctness" txav cheb cov neeg Amelikas
universities nrog ib tug tshiab nthwv dej ntawm "McCarthyism," los yog
tam sim no qhov kev hem thawj ntawm welfare dependency thiab lub imminent
kev poob nyiaj ntawm Social Security, qhov no tsuas yog kev ywj pheej xwb
kev tshaj xov xwm, tsis yog kev koom ua ke-tacit lossis lwm yam-los yog zoo kawg li
gullibility, cia nyob ib leeg systematic propaganda kev pab cuam. Thaum dub
cov neeg ntseeg tias Gary Webb yog nyob rau qee yam tseem ceeb, xov xwm
sneer ntawm lawv tsis muaj sophistication. Thiab lom zem, media
txhua tus tau nyob rau tib lub bandwagon ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xim dub-qhov
Washington Post, lub Philadelphia Inquirer, Thiab cov
liberals ib tom qab tom ntej - Michael Kazin, Mary McGroy, Howard
Kurtz, thiab Richard Cohen - txhua tus tau chim siab nrog lawv cov neeg txhawb nqa
khuv xim qhov dub irrationality.
Lub Honest Framing uas tsis tau
Tuaj
Cov teeb meem tshuaj raug liam tias yog heev
tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, thawj coj tom qab thawj coj tshaj tawm
"kev ua tsov ua rog" rau nws, thiab billions tau siv los tua nws.
Yog tias qhov no yog kev ua tsov rog loj, ib qho pov thawj uas tsoomfwv yog
txhawb kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev yuav tsum yog xov xwm sensational
thiab ib zaj dab neeg saum toj kawg nkaus. Yog hais tias, ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tsov rog no yog phoney, thiab
siv lub rooj zaum rov qab rau ntau yam teeb meem, zoo li hais overthrowing
tsoom fwv ntawm Nicaragua los ntawm kev ua phem, thiaj li hais tias kev ncaj ncees
ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog yeeb tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb me me, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov
mainstream media qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Webb tau sib sau ua ke ntau qhov kev xav
Qhov tseeb taw qhia rau Contra nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev muag tshuaj hauv Los
Angel, thiab CIA thiab FBI koom nrog tsawg kawg rau qib ntawd
cov Contra-related funders raug tiv thaiv thiab nyob ib leeg. Cov
cov xov xwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tsim cov dab neeg nyob ib puag ncig
kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tsov rog yeeb tshuaj los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm, raws li Webb tau ua, thiab
raws li ITV tau ua hauv Great Britain thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12. Hloov chaw lawv tau tsim
nws nyob ib ncig ntawm Webb liam (thiab qee zaus tiag) exaggerations,
kev tsis lees paub los ntawm cov neeg raug foob, thiab kev koom ua ke dub nyiam. Lawv
rushed mus rau lub barricades los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws kev ruaj ntseg
apparatus thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub tam sim no entrenched
mythical keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tawm tsam Nicaragua-peb tawm tsam rau thiab
pab coj "kev ywj pheej" rau lub tebchaws muaj hmoo,
thaum kawg los ntawm kev xaiv tsa dawb thiab ncaj ncees.
Kev hem ntawm Is Taws Nem
Ib qho nthuav zoo feature ntawm lub
Webb zaj dab neeg yog hais tias nws thawj cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos,
txawm tias thawj zaug tsis quav ntsej los ntawm lub teb chaws xov xwm, tau sai thiab
nthuav dav hauv zej zog dub thiab cov neeg tawm tsam
thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws los ntawm Internet. Cov xov xwm tseem ceeb ntawm
chav kawm pooh-poohed qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwm sim ntawm kev koom ua ke
pathology, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog ib hom kev sib txuas lus ywj pheej
uas muaj peev xwm bypass cov khoom phalanx ntawm xov xwm Swiss Guards.
Internet tau txais A rau kev pabcuam kev ywj pheej hauv qhov no.