Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws thiab lub xeev cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hais nyob rau lub Ob Hlis rau rau lub tank loj hauv av uas tuav cov khoom tawg thiab tshuaj lom ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob zoo heev tau tawm ntawm 570 square mais Hanford Reservation, ntawm Columbia River hauv South Central Washington State. Hanford yog tej zaum qhov chaw reactor qias neeg tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb nrog 1,000 qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, 100 txog 200 square mais ntawm cov dej tsis huv hauv av, thiab 50,000 nruas ntawm plutonium pov tseg hauv ib ntus cia.
Rau 40 xyoo, Hanford yim lub reactors tsim plutonium rau H-bombs, thiab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nws cov neeg ua haujlwm pov tseg plutonium, cesium, technetium, tritium, strontium thiab lwm yam isotopes rau huab cua, av, av thiab, astonishingly, txawm ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub Columbia River - qhov dej haus rau cov nroog hauv qab.
Hanford muaj 54 lab nkas loos ntawm cov kua dej siab thiab cov sludge hauv 177 hnub nyoog thiab decrepit tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau xyoo 1980, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Lub Zog (DOE) tau tshaj tawm tias txog li 69 ntawm lub lab-gallon tso tsheb hlau luam tau xau. Lub Ob Hlis qhov kev nthuav tawm ua rau 75.
Xyoo 1998, DOE tau hais tias nws xav kom tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm thaum kawg. Nees nkaum xyoo dhau los Newsweek tshaj tawm tias tag nrho "177 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tsis muaj npe xau hluav taws xob tsis zoo." Ob peb lab nkas loos txij li tau raug tshem tawm los ua haujlwm.
DOE tus kws tshaj lij Lindsey Geisler tau hais tias lub hli dhau los tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv tam sim ntawd los ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab. Qhov kev lees paub no yog xav tias txij li DOE tau hais rau ntau xyoo lawm tias cov khib nyiab tank yuav siv sijhawm 10,000 xyoo kom ncav cuag dej hauv av. Nws tau muaj tsawg dua 40.
Ib qho zoo sib xws tab sis tam sim no PR twist tuaj txog Lub Ob Hlis 22, thaum Washington Gov. Jay Inslee tau hais tias lub xeev yuav siv txoj cai "zero-tolerance" rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xau rau hauv av. Saib rov qab ntawm Hanford cov ntaub ntawv, txoj cai "zero-containment" muaj feem ntau dua.
Ntsis ntawm leaching radioactive iceberg
Lub caij no cov dej xau, uas tau tshaj tawm txog li 300 nkas loos ib xyoos, zoo li tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig vim qhov pom ntawm cov pob zeb loj heev uas tau ua tiav ntawm Hanford.
Nyob rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm plutonium ntau lawm, Seattle Times tau tshaj tawm tias, "DOE kwv yees tias ntau li 750,000 curies ntawm radioactive iodine, xenon, cesium, strontium, plutonium thiab uranium yuav raug muab tso rau. mus rau Columbia River txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv 1950s. "
Ib lub lim tiam ua ntej daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias, "Ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm cuam tshuam nrog kev tso dej txias rau hauv Columbia River." Tim Connor ntawm Hanford Watch nyob rau hauv Spokane tau hais rau daim ntawv hais tias txhua hnub tso tawm ntawm 430 curies sau tseg hauv ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1946 yog, "qhov sib npaug ntawm Peb Mile Island kev sib tsoo txhua teev."
DOE cov neeg ua haujlwm tau lees paub hauv xyoo 1991 tias cov thawj coj pov tseg 440 billion yuan ntawm cov kua dej radioactive ncaj qha rau hauv av - siv cov kwj deg, txaj txaj, trenches thiab qhov dej txhaj tshuaj - thiab cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij tau "fouled Columbia River." Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1965 los ntawm Hanford ntawm 19,000 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis suav nrog xyoo 1986 hais tias "tag nrho ntawm 6 lab curies" ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab pov tseg ncaj qha rau hauv Columbia. Xyoo 2000, DOE kwv yees tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuav 190 lab curies ntawm cov xov tooj cua.
Cia ib sab billions ntawm nkas loos ntawm cov tshuaj lom nuclear nchuav ncaj qha rau hauv nws, lub New York Times tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1997 tias, "Yog tias cov xau los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam mus txog Columbia River los ntawm cov dej hauv av, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tib neeg rau hluav taws xob. rau ib-paus xyoo. "
Thiab txawm tias muaj ntau lab tus curies pov rau hauv av, tus thawj tswj dej hauv av ntawm Hanford tau hais hauv xyoo 2000 tias "qhov phem tshaj" tank khib nyiab, suav nrog technetium-99 thiab cobalt-60, "tej zaum tseem 20 xyoo" los ntawm Columbia. .
Nees nkaum tsib xyoos txij li thaum nws cov reactors raug kaw (lawv tau tso tseg plutonium hauv 1987) tso plutonium tank pov tseg tsis yog tib txoj kev uas mob qog noj ntshav Cold War tseem raug xa tawm los ntawm Hanford.
Cov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau hlawv 300 daim av ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2000, thaum Tus Tuav Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Bill Richardson tau maj nrawm hais rau Lub Xya Hli 1, "Tsis pom muaj kev kis kab mob li cas." Tsis ncaj ncees lawm Mr. DOE. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 3, plutonium tau pom tias tau muab tso rau hauv 10 thaj chaw deb, suav nrog tsib lub nroog nyob sab hnub tuaj Washington.
Txawm li ntawd los, Jerry Leitch, tus thawj coj ntawm EPA thaum lub sijhawm, hais rau Seattle Post hais tias tus nqi ntawm plutonium yog qis dua qhov uas suav tias yog kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. tiag tiag? Ib qho atomic particle ntawm plutonium yog nqus tau tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Tus nqi kwv yees ntawm kev ntxuav - qhov kim tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj hauv keeb kwm - tau nce tsis tu ncua. Xyoo 1989, DOE kwv yees nws yuav siv $ 57 billion thiab 50 xyoo. Los ntawm 1997 nws kwv yees yog tshaj $ 200 billion.
Explosive txaus ntshai, exploding tanks
Lub DOE tau txhawj xeeb ntev tias nws lub tank pov tseg, ntawm Hanford thiab ntawm Savannah River, SC, tuaj yeem tawg vim muaj cov pa roj hydrogen lossis cov pa organic. Tseeb tiag, qhov tawg xyoo 1965 ntawm Hanford tau tawg ib lub tank uas tom qab tau xau 800,000 nkas loos dej txias rau hauv av. Ib zaug ntxiv nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 14, 1997, lub tank tuav cov tshuaj plutonium ua cov tshuaj tawg, xa nws lub hau steel hnyav thiab cov pa roj paug los ntawm lub ru tsev.
Arjun Makhijani tau hais tias kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm DOE hauv xyoo 1978 muab lub sijhawm ntawm hydrogen explosions Savannah River lub tank ntawm 1-hauv-10,000. Qhov muaj feem ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov organic vapors yog kaum npaug ntau dua, lossis 1-hauv-1,000. Xav txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lub caij nyoog ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv muaj kev tawg yog ib-hauv-50 txhua xyoo.
Cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv pom thaum ntxov
Xyoo 1986, tus kws tshawb fawb Michael Blain ntawm Boise State Univ. tau qhia tias cov poj niam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Washington thiab Northern Idaho tau nce cov thyroid thiab mob qog noj ntshav thiab hais tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau uas "cov qog nqaij hlav ntau dhau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov xov tooj cua iodine." Mob qog noj ntshav, nchuav menyuam thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam tau raug liam tias yog kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm ntawm 5,500 curies ntawm iodine-131 mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1949 qhov kev sim hu ua "green run," thiab nyob rau ntawm kev sib faib tawm ntawm cov neeg tawg rog. 340,000 curies nyob rau hauv 1945 ib leeg.
Xyoo 1974, Dr. Samuel Milham hauv Washington lub chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau tshaj tawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom tias cov txiv neej uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm Hanford muaj 25 feem pua โโโโntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua li cov txiv neej uas muaj hnub nyoog zoo sib xws hauv lwm txoj haujlwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1977, phau ntawv journal Health Physics luam tawm Alice Stewart, Thomas Mancuso thiab George Kneal qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm 6 lossis 7 feem pua โโโโnce kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv Hanford cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txog qhov kev nce no Dr. Stewart tau hais tias, "Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau tab sis qhov kev poob siab yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho txij li cov qog nqaij hlav tau tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob raug hluav taws xob qis dua qhov kev txwv ntawm tsib rads hauv ib xyoos. Nws txhais tau hais tias cov qauv tam sim no rau kev nyab xeeb nuclear yuav ntau npaum li 20 npaug siab dhau. "
Xyoo 1990, DOE tsom xam ntawm cov hluav taws xob raug hluav taws xob los ntawm Hanford pom tias cov me nyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam muaj kab mob hnyav heev vim haus cov mis tsis huv. Lub Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project pom tias 13,500 tus neeg tuaj yeem tau txais koob tshuaj ntau dua 33 rads ntawm iodine-131 thiab cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus nyob ze Hanford tuaj yeem noj ntawm 650 thiab 3,000 rads. Txawm tias ib qho rads tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam mob.
Tsis txhob muab cov ntsiab lus zoo rau nws: Hanford qhov tseeb rau 6 qhov xau yog qhov kawg ntawm nws cov dej khov ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tau kis mus rau Columbia River thiab dhau ntawm tus kab mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob uas yuav tsis muaj qhov kawg.
John LaForge ua haujlwm rau Nukewatch, tus saib xyuas nuclear thiab ib puag ncig kev ncaj ncees hauv Wisconsin, thiab kho nws tsab ntawv xov xwm peb lub hlis twg. (nukewatchinfo.org)