Ua raws li kev sib tham tsis ntev los no ntawm Cov Neeg Pov Npav Cov Kev Xaiv Tsa Zoo Tshaj Plaws, kuv tau txiav txim siab sau ib daim ntawv teev npe siv los ntsuas cov tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim. Qhov laj thawj ntawm daim ntawv txheeb xyuas yog qhov kuv tsis pom zoo nrog ntau tus thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam txog yuav ua li cas.
Nov yog kuv thawj tsab ntawv. Kuv keeb kwm yav dhau yog nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem kev teeb tsa. Kuv tau txais kev cob qhia thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement, (qhov uas kuv tau ua haujlwm ua tus tuav tswj,) National Training and Information Center (Shel Trapp thiab lwm tus, uas npaj National Peoples Action), thiab Western Organization of Resource Councils (Pat Sweeney). Kuv tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Saul Alinsky, Martin Luther King, Gandhi, thiab Roger Fisher (thiab lwm yam ntawm Harvard Negotiation Project).
Daim ntawv txheeb xyuas no tsis yog txhais tau tias tsis muaj qhov chaw rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Kom meej meej muaj. Kuv qhov kev xav yog tias txoj hauv kev no feem ntau nkag siab me ntsis. Kuv pom tias qhov kev sim siab los siv nws yog qhov tsawg heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv pom qee yam raws cov kab no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
1. Puas yog peb tsom mus rau ib tus neeg uas txiav txim siab tiag tiag? Leej twg yog tus muaj hwj chim txiav txim? Nov yog qhov chaw pib. Txoj cai pem hauv ntej sawv ntawm txoj kev kaum sab xis nrog cov paib tawm tsam dav dav yuav raug txiav tawm. Cov neeg tsav tsheb tsis ncaj qha txiav txim siab. Lwm tus ua. Cov lus tawm tsam uas xav tau rau kev mloog xov xwm tej zaum kuj raug txiav tawm. Qhov no suav nrog raug ntes rau "kev ua qauv qhia." Hloov chaw (peb txoj haujlwm, kev siv peb cov peev txheej) yog coj mus rau kev cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem tiag tiag. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus no kuv txaus siab los ntawm Roger Fisher phau ntawv, Beyond Machiavelli. Ob ntawm rau tshooj hauv phau ntawv me me no (qhov tseem ceeb 1/3 ntawm tag nrho phau ntawv) tsom peb cov kev xav rau tus neeg txiav txim siab, (qhov no, yam khoom #1 ntawm kuv daim ntawv teev npe).
2. Peb puas npaj yuam kom lawv sib txuas lus nrog peb? Thawj kauj ruam yog los teeb tsa cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus. Feem ntau, hauv kuv txoj kev koom tes, lawv muaj kev txawj zoo ntawm kev zam kev sib txuas lus. Npaj kom tawv thaum ntxov. Es tsis txhob ua phem ncaj qha rau lub hom phiaj khoob, siv nws thaum lawv tsis kam sib txuas lus nrog koj pab pawg.
3. Puas yog peb hais kom tus neeg ua ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb? Ib pawg hauv Iowa City tau mus tom qab Congressman Jim Leach. Lwm qhov hauv Des Moines tau mus tom Grassley. Lawv tau #1 txoj cai. Thawj pab pawg tau txais kev sib tham, qhov thib ob tau nruj nrog kev nqis tes ua, txaus siab raug ntes. Kuv nug cov thawj coj seb lawv nug Leach thiab Grassley ua li cas. Thawj pab tsis tau nug tias yuav ua dab tsi, tsuas yog hais kom lawv hnov. Pab pawg thib ob kuj tau hais kom mloog, rau cov neeg ua haujlwm mloog lawv hais lawv cov kev xav. Ib tug ntawm lawv cov thawj coj tseem ceeb tau hais rau kuv tias lawv tsis ntseeg tias thov Grassley ua dab tsi, vim nws tsis nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov ua tau. Peb pab pawg, txawm li cas los xij, yeej 4 lossis 5 kauj ruam yeej tam sim ntawd (txawm tias tsis muaj leej twg ntawm peb cov neeg tuaj tshiab tau hais tias lawv ntseeg tias peb yeej ib txwm yeej ib yam dab tsi. Qhov kuv tab tom hais tawm mus deb dhau ntawm cov tswv yim no, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
4. Puas yog ib kauj ruam yeej? It doesnโt have to have a greater than 50% chance of being won, just a reasonable chance, suggests Roger Fisher in his books. Each of the examples in #3 were surely winnable. They were too winnable in my book. There was no excuse for neglecting to prepare and ask for specific actions. Holding signs on a street corner, if analyzed for an intended message targeted toward decision makers, probably is not winnable (ie. that drivers will become informed and take certain actions on members of Congress). Or else it asks for too little. Note also that I refer to a โstep.โ The idea is to find steps that the decision maker can take, and to โalways be ready with the next step.โ Win victory steps and then keep winning additional steps. Hey, they call it a โmovement.โ
5. Peb puas tau npaj txhij rau qhov no? Yuav ua tau ntau yam los npaj kom yeej. Shel Trapp hais txog kev npaj yooj yim. Ntawm no kuv pom tias cov koom haum zoo feem ntau yog cov neeg "ua haujlwm." Puas yog nws tsis tau hais txog Gandhi tias nws ib txwm xav ua ib yam dab tsi, tias nws tsis muaj pob txha nyob hauv nws lub cev. Ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm no yog qhov kev yeej yuav yooj yim dua li qhov koj xav, yog tias koj tau txais tom qab nws tiag tiag. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Roger Fisher (et al) muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev ntawm kev npaj. Cov phau ntawv Tom qab Machiavelli thiab Coping nrog International Conflict muaj cov kab kos uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntawv ua haujlwm. Cov no suav nrog "Tam sim no Pom Kev Xaiv" thiab "Tej Hom Kev Xaiv Yav Tom Ntej" kab kos. (Cov no yog ib zaug hauv online, tab sis txij li thaum tau raug tshem tawm, tej zaum vim Roger Fisher so haujlwm.) Kuv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv tso rau hauv kuv lub computer, ntau li ntawv (raws li kuv yuav ua nrog kuv cov ntsiab lus ntawm no). Lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom nkag mus tau hauv online. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fisher phau ntawv, Npaj Kom Sib Tham: Phau Ntawv Tau Txais Tau muaj ib pob ntawv tag nrho ntawm cov ntawv ua haujlwm ntxiv, suav nrog ib txoj cai nyob rau pem hauv ntej rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov twg koj yuav tsum pib.
6. Peb puas paub yuav ua li cas tom qab lawv "hais tsis tau?" Kuv pom tias txoj hauv kev xav kom hnov โโyog qee zaum ua raws li kev txiav tawm tom qab lawv hais tsis yog. โZoo, lawv hnov โโpeb, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv hais tias tsis yog. Tsawg kawg peb sim. " Qhov tseeb, kuv xav kom lawv yuav luag ib txwm hais tsis tau, thawj zaug nyob ib puag ncig. Lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij hais tias tsis muaj. (Kuv tuaj yeem tso qee yam ntawm kuv zaj nkauj ntawm lub ncauj lus no.)
Lawv ua tau zoo heev li koj yuav tsis paub tias lawv hais tsis tau. Kuv pom, piv txwv li, nws yog qhov zoo rau cov tsim cai lij choj luag nyav thiab pom zoo nrog tib neeg thaum lawv txhais tau tias lawv tsis pom zoo tias lawv yuav ua ib yam dab tsi. "Qhov koj ua yog qhov zoo heev." Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd koj yuav tsum nug lawv tshwj xeeb: "Yog li koj hais tias koj yuav ua dab tsi tshwj xeeb (lossis peb qhov tshwj xeeb X) ntawm qhov no?" "Zoo, tsis yog, kuv yeej tsis pom zoo nrog nws. Kuv yuav pov npav tawm tsam nws. "
Lwm lub tswv yim zoo tshaj yog qhia koj tias lawv tsis muaj hwj chim los ua. โQhov koj hais tseem ceeb heev. Koj yuav tsum tham nrog cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ib yam dab tsi txog nws (ie. tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm pawg neeg). "Peb kuj tseem ua qhov ntawd, tab sis qhov peb xav tau tam sim no yog rau koj ua tej yam koj ua tau raws li tus tsim cai lij choj, (tshwj xeeb X, Y, Z, suav nrog kev siv koj lub hwj chim ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj, koj puas yuav hais lus rau nws thiab mus rau lub rooj sib tham ntawm koj tog, thiab lwm yam) thiab qhov uas peb, uas yog pej xeem, tsis tau tso cai ua (pov npav nyob rau hauv pawg neeg thiab nyob rau hauv pem teb, qhia los yog cosponsor txoj cai, mus koom kev cai lij choj caucus rooj sib tham).
Tsis ntev los no kuv tau pom cov piv txwv zoo heev ntawm cov haujlwm daus no tau piav qhia, thaum David Beckmann ntawm Bread for the World tau nthuav tawm hauv Bill Moyers qhia, (Lub Plaub Hlis 11, 2008, http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/04112008/transcript4.html ). Ntawm thawj lub ntsiab lus, Beckmann tau hais tias: "Txhua xyoo ntev, nyob rau kaum tsib lub hlis dhau los, kuv tau tham nrog ntau tus neeg tsim cai lij choj uas yog peb cov neeg tawm tsam tseem ceeb. Thiab tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv tau hais tias - tau sim ua kom kuv ntseeg tias kuv ua yuam kev. " Tsis yog, David, lawv ua txuj pom zoo. Moyers tsis muaj kev kho.
Qhov thib ob, Beckmann tau hais tias: โIb pawg ntseeg thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tau mus ntsib Senator Reid, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj, hais txog qhov teeb meem no. Nws tau los thiab thawj qhov uas nws hais yog, 'Saib, Kuv tau nyob ntawm no 35 xyoo.' Nws hais tias, 'Kuv xav tias ob qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog cov tuam txhab tuav pov hwm thiab pab pawg muag khoom,' Nws hais. lawv muaj cov phooj ywg muaj zog heev ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kev. YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NYIAJ RAU PEB UA HAUJ LWM NTAWM NOโ (qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm ntxiv). Ntawm no nws yog ib tus neeg txiav txim siab muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv lub rooj sib tham uas tau lees tias nws tsis muaj hwj chim, thiab Beckmann tau txais nws, thiab Moyers ua li ntawd. Vim li cas thiaj nug Senate Feem Ntau Tus Thawj Coj Reid ua ib yam dab tsi, thaum nws tau lees paub ua ntej tias nws ua tsis tau? A. Vim nws muaj peev xwm, thiab lub ntsiab lus yog ua kom qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tham, nws yuav ua li cas raws li cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Kom meej meej Beckmann (thiab Moyers, thiab cov neeg saib,) tau duped.
Yog li koj ua dab tsi tom qab lawv hais tias tsis yog? Kuv pom zoo cov kev pabcuam hauv qab no: ib tshooj โHloov Qhov Kev Thov,โ hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb (Fisher li al); phau ntawv Getting Past No, (William Ury); Nqe lus "Yuav ua li cas yog tias ..." "lawv siv dag ntxias dag," "lawv muaj hwj chim ntau dua," thiab lwm yam hauv Kev Tau Txais (Fisher, Ury); ib tshooj ntawm kev hloov cov lus nug uas koj nug hauv International Conflict for Beginners (Fisher).
7. Peb puas saib xyuas thiab sau lawv cov lus teb thiab siv los ua cov cuab yeej qhia? (Peb puas tau sau cov nkauj los qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lawv qhov kev tawm tsam thiab peb tau "npaj nrog cov kauj ruam tom ntej.") Raws li kuv tau ua hauv qab no #6, piv txwv.
8. Peb puas yog peb lub rooj sib tham nrog lawv? Cov rooj sib tham peb khiav tau zoo dua li cov rooj sib tham lawv khiav! Ntawm no kuv tso "noog dogging" (qhia tawm ntawm lawv cov rooj sib tham, zoo li Tea Party,) piv txwv li, ntawm qhov qis dua. Qhov no tsis yog hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tau. Xya pawg ua haujlwm ua ke hauv kev sib koom tes rau birddog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Iowa tau hais rau kuv tsis ntev los no txog kev ua tiav. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, birddogging yog 50 lub sij hawm zoo dua li tuav cov cim ntawm txoj kev fab.
Kuv tau hnov โโntau tus neeg hais tias lawv tau txaj muag ntawm lub rooj sib tham los ntawm tus tsim cai lij choj, txawm li cas los xij. Ntawm no dua, lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov no, zoo li lwm txoj hauv kev phem, ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm peb pawg, thiab txo qis kev koom tes.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv. Ntawm lub rooj sib tham los ntawm Congressman Jim Nussle, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau tawm tsam nws rau nws qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov nqaij npuas checkoff, (uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau pov npav, 60.2% rau 39.8% hauv Iowa, tom qab sib sau ua ke, raws li kuv nco qab, txog 15,000 kos npe). Nussle tau nug ib lo lus nug ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tab sis dodged, tsis teb. Tom qab ua tib yam rau lo lus nug thib ob nws tshaj tawm tias nws tau tham txog nws txaus thiab yuav tsis muaj lus nug ntxiv rau nws. Chav tsev yog tag nrho ntawm Republicans, muaj zog Nussle cov neeg txhawb nqa, thiab lawv txhawb nqa nws ntawm qhov no (nws tau hais rau lawv ntawm lub rooj sib tham, tab sis tsis tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm txog thaum tav su). Txawm hais tias ib pab pawg muaj caij nyoog zoo yog birddogging, (raws li ib qho kev qhia ntxiv, thiab qhov no nug cov lus nug thib peb, hais rau cov lus teb, tsis kam zaum, thiab tom qab ntawd yeej qhov kev thim rov qab los ntawm Nussle), nws qhia txog kev ntxhov siab ntawm birddogging. . Kuv pom tias feem ntau cov neeg tawm tsam kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, piv txwv li, suav nrog cov thawj coj, tsis tshua muaj lossis tsis tau koom nrog cov rooj sib tham uas kuv xav, thiab raws li tau piav qhia, piv txwv li, los ntawm Shel Trapp, hauv nws phau ntawv, Dynamics ntawm Organizing (http://www.tenant.net/Organize/orgdyn.html ) thiab Lub hauv paus ntawm Kev Koom Tes (http://www.tenant.net/Organize/orgbas.html ).
9. Peb puas muab sijhawm rau peb cov tswvcuab los โnyob ntawdโ thaum sib tham? Puas yog peb ua rooj plaub uas, yog tias koj pub dawb rau peb lub koom haum thiab dhau los ua tswv cuab, peb yuav muab koj rau ntawm lub rooj? Kuv pib tau ntawm qhov point no hauv #8. Qee pab pawg muab lawv cov neeg koom nrog thiab cov neeg pub nyiaj tsawg dua qhov no, thiab muaj teeb meem nrhiav nyiaj txiag thiab ua kom tib neeg mob siab rau. Tib neeg tau txais tsab ntawv xov xwm lossis ntau ntau ntawm email thiab raug hais kom ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm, (uas feem ntau ua rau lawv tsis muaj zog,) xws li hu xov tooj, email, sau ntawv.
10. Puas yog peb siv txoj hauv kev uas tau ua pov thawj, uas tuaj yeem yeej cov kauj ruam yeej? Hauv kuv qhov kev xav, qhov tseem ceeb, feem tsawg ntawm cov pab pawg tau ua pov thawj tias lawv tuaj yeem yeej qhov tseem ceeb yeej, tsis yog feem ntau, tab sis tawm tsam cov tuam txhab lub zog. Nov yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kuv daim ntawv teev npe. Txhawm rau piav qhia qee yam ntawm cov pab pawg tau yeej. Zam, nrog koj txoj haujlwm thiab nyiaj txiag, pab pawg uas tsis paub yuav yeej. Tsis muaj plaub nyiaj txaus thiab cog lus ua haujlwm mus ncig. Triple lossis plaub qhov kev txhawb nqa rau cov uas tau yeej xwb, thiab txo kev txhawb nqa rau pab pawg tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Pib koj tus kheej pab pawg yog tias tsim nyog.
NYEEM NTXIV
Brad Wilson, โMloog, Kawm, Leverage, Lead: Peb Cov Tswv Yim Zoo Tshaj Plaws Tseem Tsis Tau Muaj Kev Sim Siab,โ ZSpace, 11/5/08, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/listen-learn-leverage-lead-our-most-pragmatic-strategy-has-yet-to-be-seriously-tried-by-brad-wilson/ .
Brad Wilson, "Kev Koom Tes Ua Haujlwm Kom Tsis Ua Tsov Rog: Ib Qhov Kev Qhia Raws Li Kev Ua Haujlwm hauv Iowa," ZSpace, 2/18/09, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/effective-organizing-to-stop-war-an-outlining-based-upon-experience-in-iowa-by-brad-wilson/ .
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj