ʻO ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo ʻo ZNet ʻo Patrick Bond a me kāna hoa hana ʻo Simba Manyanya - he kanaka Zimbabwe e hana nei ma Johannesburg e kahi hui UN - hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka puke hou, lua o ka *Zimbabwe's Plunge: Exhausted Nationalism, Neoliberalism and the Search for Social Justice*.
(1) Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi iā ZNet, e ʻoluʻolu, e pili ana i kāu puke hou, ʻo Zimbabwe's Plunge? He aha ka mea e ho'āʻo nei e kamaʻilio?
Ua hopohopo mākou no kekahi manawa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā manaʻo o Zimbabwe i loko o ka ʻāina a me nā media bourgeois honua. I loko, nui loa ka ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia i ke aupuni hoʻokaumaha loa i hilinaʻi ʻia ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki i kahi kamaʻilio populist-hema ʻoiai ke kaua ʻana i nā ʻāpana koho nui o ka hema: nā wahine, nā haumāna, ka poʻe ʻilihune kūlanakauhale, nā limahana kūlanakauhale, nā mea mahiʻai a me nā mea holomua. intelligentsia. Kapa mākou he 'kamaʻilio-hema, hana-'ākau'. Ua hopu ke aupuni Mugabe i ka manaʻo o ka honua ma o ka lawe hou ʻana i ka ʻāina nui loa o ka ʻāina mai ka poʻe mahiʻai keʻokeʻo - ʻo ka hapa nui o ko lākou mau ʻohana i ʻaihue mua i ka ʻāina mai ka poʻe ʻōiwi i loko o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1890 akā e hele ana i ka ʻāina keʻokeʻo hope loa. 1969 - a laila hana ʻino i ka hana mahiʻai. ʻO ka pōloli nui a me ka pōloli ma nā wahi he hoʻokahi hopena i kēia manawa. Kākoʻo mākou ʻelua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina mamao loa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka baka, akā ua hana ʻino ʻole a hana ʻino ke kaʻina hana, a ʻo nā ʻohana kokoke loa o Mugabe ke lawe wale nei i nā hana e kū nei a hoʻopau iā lākou i lalo, dislocating. nā haneli haneli o nā limahana maʻamau i ka hana.
I ka nui o ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe koa kaua hoʻokuʻu o Zimbabwe i kekahi ʻāina a ua loaʻa kahi wahi o ka hoʻonoho hou ʻana, aia nā pilikia nui me ke kākoʻo ʻenehana, hōʻaiʻē, nā hua, nā mea kanu, ka irrigation, ke kūʻai aku a me nā mea like. No laila ua ʻike ʻia iā mākou, a me ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻāina populist a Mugabe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻihoʻi i ka legitimacy i waena o ka lehulehu o nā kuaʻāina, āna i mālama ʻole ai no ʻelua mau makahiki, - i ka manawa, i ka makahiki 2000, i kona wā i lanakila ai ma ke koho balota.
He aha kā mākou e hoʻāʻo nei e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Zimbabwe? ʻO ka mea mua, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei mākou, ʻo kahi loiloi holomua o kēia kūlana paʻakikī e hōʻoia i ka ʻike o Frantz Fanon e pili ana i ka pau ʻana o ka petit-bourgeois African nationalism.
ʻO ka lua, lawe mākou i kēia manawa e aʻo aku i ka poʻe Zimbabwe e pili ana i ka pōʻino no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me nā hoʻolālā i paʻi ʻia o ka poʻe kū'ē ʻo Movement for Democractic Change he nui loa, ma kahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka IMF a me ka World Bank i ka wā i kapa ai lākou i ka ʻoihana. - nā kiʻi kulekele i ka wā mua o 1990s. ʻO ke kolu, manaʻo mākou ua hui mua nā neʻe holomua kūloko - nā uniona kālepa, nā haumāna radical, kekahi o nā NGO a me nā hui kaiāulu kūlanakauhale - i ko lākou mau manaʻo: ma ka 1999 National Working People's Convention, no ka laʻana. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā hoʻolaha anti-neoliberal e puka mai ana mai nā neʻe like ʻole no ka hoʻopono honua a puni ka honua, ke manaʻolana nei mākou e hiki i nā hoa pili i nā hakakā kūloko no ka demokala a me ka hoʻopono ke ulana i ko lākou ala ma waena o ka minefield o ka politika Zimbabwe o kēia wā.
(2) Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi iā ZNet i kekahi mea e pili ana i ke kākau ʻana i ka puke? No hea mai ka ʻike? He aha ka mea i hana ai i ka puke?
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kēia puke, ʻaʻole ia i puka mai i kā mākou mau moʻolelo pilikino ʻelua akā mai kahi kaʻina hana hui pū kekahi.
ʻO wau iho, ua hana kekahi o mākou (Patrick) i ka PhD ma Zimbabwe ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi a ka mea kālaihonua marxist David Harvey (i paʻi ʻia ma 1998 e like me *Uneven Zimbabwe: A Study of Finance, Development and Underdevelopment*, mai Africa World Press); ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe (Simba) he luna hoʻokele waiwai ma mua o ke Kuhina Waiwai o Zimbabwe i ka makahiki 1990 a laila neʻe i ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā o nā Hui Kūʻai ʻo Zimbabwe e lawelawe iā Morgan Tsvangirai ma kona hope economist, ma mua o kona hele ʻana i Johannesburg e aʻo ma ke Kulanui ʻo Wits. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua holo pū mākou i kahi papa master / PhD - Public and Development Finance - kahi mākou i nānā ai i ka ʻaiʻē o Zimbabwe ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka hoʻokele waiwai.
A laila ma 2000-02, ua hoʻohana mākou i nā manawa he nui ma ʻApelika Hema a ma Zimbabwe, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka Jubilee 2000 kūloko, i kapa ʻia ʻo Zimbabwe Coalition on Debt and Development. Nui nā manaʻo hoʻoulu a me nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo i puka mai i kēlā mau papa hana, a na ka puke i kākau iho. Ua mahalo nui mākou i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa paʻakikī e pili ana i ka mea e hiki ai i nā hoa hana ke hana inā loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa e holo ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Zimbabwe, ma hope o kahi hoʻolaha koho balota kūleʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻouluulu lehulehu - a i ʻole kekahi mea kipi.
(3) He aha kou manaʻolana no ka Plunge o Zimbabwe? He aha kāu e manaʻo ai e hāʻawi a hoʻokō paha ia, ma ka politika? Ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika a me nā manaʻo i loaʻa iā ʻoe no ka puke, he aha kāu e manaʻo ai he kūleʻa? He aha kāu e hauʻoli ai no ka hana holoʻokoʻa? He aha ka mea e waiho ai iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo inā pono ia i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana?
ʻO ke kumuhana nā mea a pau. No nā manaʻo holomua e kū i kahi manawa ma Zimbabwe - ma hope o ka manawa i hōʻino maoli ai ke aupuni Mugabe i ka huaʻōlelo socialism, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i loko o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe me ka crony capitalism, repression, corruption, ethnicism and incompetence - nā neʻe o ka poʻe ʻilihune a me ka hana. -ʻO ka poʻe papa e ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi iā lākou iho e pili ana i kā lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau pono ke holomua me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ke aupuni, me he mea lā iā mākou.
Ua paʻi ʻia ka lua o ka paʻi hou o kā mākou puke i kēia makahiki no ka mea mai ke koho ʻaihue ʻana o Malaki 2002 - i hōʻike ʻia e Patrick no ZNet - ua lilo ka kūʻē holomua i kahi hiʻohiʻona. Ua kapa ʻia ka manaʻo maʻamau o Zimbabwe ʻo 'despondency'. Ua maʻalahi kēia ʻāina iā Mugabe e hoʻopaʻa hou aku i ke kūʻē, a no ka Pelekikena o ʻApelika Hema ʻo Mbeki i ka nānā ʻole i ka makemake o ka lehulehu a hoʻolaha i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā ʻano politika piha piha i ka uahi i hāʻawi mai iā mākou ka hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻole i ka demokala ma ʻApelika Hema.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia mau pule i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia e huli ana nā mea no nā pūʻali holomua, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka loiloi koʻikoʻi a mākou e hāpai nei i loko o ka puke ke hoʻi mai nei i ke ʻano. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka hilinaʻi a me ka makemake o ka hakakā ʻana i ʻelua lā o ka noho aupuni ʻana o ka poʻe hana āpau ma Malaki, ʻoiai ʻo Mugabe ka hopu ʻana a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā haneli he nui o ka democracy/justice activists. ʻO kahi puke he mea waiwai liʻiliʻi ma lalo o kēia ʻano kūlana, kahi e pilikia ai ke ola o ko mākou mau hoa.
Eia naʻe, mahalo i ka Ford Foundation, manaʻoʻiʻo a ʻaʻole paha, ua kākoʻo ʻia ka puke no ke kūʻai ʻana ma Zimbabwe, kahi e kūʻai ʻia ai ka uku mahina o kahi limahana maʻamau, ʻike ʻia ka mamao o ke kālā o ka ʻāina. Malia paha, inā he hoihoi hou i ka radical - ma mua o ka elite - kālai'āina, e ʻike mākou i nā kūkākūkā hou aʻe o nā koho hema i nā pule e hiki mai ana. Hōʻike ʻo Zimbabwe's Plunge i nā kaohi a me nā ala e hiki mai ana ma o ka quagmire waiwai me nā kikoʻī ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ma ka kūʻē demokalaka e hoʻolaha ākea ana.
(Ma waho o Zimbabwe, hiki ke kauoha ʻia ka Plunge o Zimbabwe mai http://www.merlinbooks.co.uk, http://www.unpress.co.za a http://www.africanworld.com)
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