ʻAʻole i nānā ʻia e Macron, hoʻopunipuni ʻia e ka media, i hoʻokipa ʻia e ka ʻĀkau, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hema, ʻo ka neʻe nui i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo Yellow Vests ke kūʻē nui nei i ka ʻoihana politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ma Farani.
Ma Palika, i ke kakahiaka o ka Poaono Dec. nā kinoea waimaka, nā pōkā uila a me nā pū wai. I ka pau ʻana o ka lā, ua ʻā nā kaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka Arc of Triumph, a ua haunaele ʻo Paris a pau ma ke ʻano he hui o nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi maluhia, i hui pū ʻia e nā mea maʻamau. nā kīʻaha ('smashers') laha a puni ke kapikala, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou huhū i ka ʻōnaehana a kāhea aku i ka haʻalele ʻana o Pelekikena Macron.
ʻO kēia mokuʻāina i hoʻouka kaua ʻia i kahi hōʻikeʻike lehulehu maluhia e haki me kahi kuʻuna lōʻihi o ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana no nā hōʻike hōʻikeʻike ʻia e nā mahiʻai huhū huhū a me nā uniona limahana. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Macron, i nā haʻiʻōlelo, no ka hiki ʻole o nā aupuni o mua e hoʻokō i nā hoʻoponopono kūʻē i ka ʻoihana. ʻO Macron (ʻo ia ka mea i kauoha i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻole ʻana o ka Pōʻaono i ka poʻe hōʻikeʻike ʻole i hōʻea i ke kakahiaka nui no ka huakaʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia) i hoʻopiʻi i ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia: "ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia i kēia lā ma Paris ʻaʻohe pili i ka hōʻike maluhia o ka huhū kūpono," wahi āna. ma ka Poaono. "ʻAʻohe mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pūʻali palekana, hana ʻino i nā ʻoihana, ʻo ka pilikino a i ʻole ka lehulehu, a i ʻole nā mea hele a i ʻole nā mea nūpepa e hoʻoweliweli ʻia, a i ʻole ka Arc de Triomphe."[1]
I kēia manawa, ma nā panalāʻau Farani, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 75 mau mea kūʻē ʻo Yellow Vest (nā mākaʻi i manaʻo ʻia) e ālai ana i nā puka alaloa, nā kikowaena, a me nā hale kūʻai kūʻai i ka lā a pau - me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻae ākea (000% e like me nā koho balota hou).
No ke aha i pupule ai ka 'Silent Majority' o Farani
E like me nā kipi kūʻokoʻa āpau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala Farani e hoʻi ana i nā manawa Feudal, ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ke kipi Yellow Vest e nā ʻauhau. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka mauʻu i haki i ke kua o ke kāmelo, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o Macron e hoʻonui i ka ʻauhau ma ke kinoea a me ka wahie Diesel, e pili ana i ka hana maʻamau a me ka poʻe Farani waena haʻahaʻa e hilinaʻi nei i kā lākou mau kaʻa e loaʻa ai kahi ola. ʻO ka poʻe kipi, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻaʻahu pale melemele e koi ʻia e mālama i loko o kā lākou kaʻa e ke aupuni, aia lākou ma ke ala kaua no ʻekolu pule i kēia manawa. Ke hōʻole nei i nā ʻaoʻao politika a pau, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka Yellow Vests ma ka pāpaho pūnaewele a hana i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha, ʻoiai ke koʻikoʻi nui, hoʻolaha i ka nūhou ma ka ʻāina, a laha ka neʻe ʻana o ka Vest Yellow ma waena o Farani, ke keʻakeʻa nei i nā kikowaena, kānana ʻana i nā mea kaʻa, a hōʻuluʻulu e hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hakakā, i nā lā Sābati.
No ke aha lā Sābati? "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hele i ke kuʻi," wahi a kekahi wahine. “Ke hānai nei au i ʻekolu keiki wale nō. ʻO kaʻu hana, ʻo ia wale nō kaʻu i koe. ʻO ka hele ʻana mai i ka Pōʻaono ʻo ia ke ala e hōʻike ai i koʻu huhū." ʻO nā wāhine - nā mea hoʻokipa, nā mea hoʻokipa, nā kahu hānai, nā kumu - aia i loko o kēia mau lehulehu, a ua huhū nui lākou ma mua o kaʻauhau ma Diesel.
E hoʻomaka me ka like ʻole. E like me Trump, ua hoʻokahe ʻo Macron i nā ʻoihana a me nā miliona miliona me ka ʻoki ʻauhau nui, e hana ana i kahi lua o ka waihona kālā āna i uku ai e ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lawelawe aupuni (nā halemai, nā kula, nā transit, nā mākaʻi) a me nā hoʻonui ʻauhau no ka poʻe maʻamau (a hiki i 40% o kā lākou loaʻa kālā), nui ka poʻe e hoʻoikaika ikaika nei e hoʻokō i nā pono a hele i ka ʻaiʻē. "Pololi mākou a māʻona mākou," wahi a Jessica Monnier, 28, e hana ana i kahi hale hana wati ma nā Alps Farani. Loaʻa iā ia he $1, 140 i ka mahina, a ʻōlelo: “I ka wā e uku ai au i kaʻu mau pili, ʻaʻole lawa kaʻu meaʻai. Pololi wale mākou, ʻo ia wale nō."[2]
Ke ulu nei kēia huhū mai ka pūnāwai i hala, ka 50th ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kipi ʻana o ka limahana-haumāna i ka makahiki 1968, akā ua hōʻeha ʻia i ka wā i lanakila ai ʻo Macron i ke kūpaʻa me ka hana ma luna o kāna neo-liberal, pro-business counter-reforms. Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia pio ʻana i ka hana e ke alakaʻi o ka CGT a me nā uniona ʻē aʻe, i hoʻokani i ka hana maikaʻi ʻole i ka 1968 kūʻai aku iā de Gaulle. He hapalua kenekulia ma hope mai, ua ʻiʻini nā alakaʻi uniona Farani e mālama i ko lākou wahi ma ka papaʻaina politika (a ma ka uku o ke aupuni), ua pale aku i kahi hakakā nui, hui pū me ke aupuni ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona, a hele wale i ka hana o ka hoʻokō ʻana. , hoʻolaha iā lākou i nā mahina a hoʻoluhi i nā limahana. [E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i kaʻu "French Labor's Historical Defeat" http://divergences.be/spip.php?article3348]
Ua inaina ʻia ʻo Macron no kona hoʻokiʻekiʻe mōʻī maoli, e noho aliʻi wale ana e like me Louis XIV, me ka hoʻokau ʻana i kona makemake ma nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i kona mau hoa paio a me ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe maʻamau i kahi ʻano pedantic e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻonāukiuki iā lākou. Ma ka haʻalele ʻana i nā Vest Yellow, me ka haʻaheo e hōʻole i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kā lākou mau pilikia, a laila hoʻopaʻa ikaika iā lākou ʻoiai ko lākou kaulana, ua hōʻike ʻo Macron i ka ākea nui ma waena o kāna aupuni mana, neo-liberal a me ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu Farani. Ua koho ʻo Farani iā ia i ka makahiki 2016, i ka holo ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule mua ʻana o nā hui kuʻuna o ka hema a me ka ʻākau. ʻO Macron kahi kīwaha e pale aku ai i ke koho ʻana iā Marine LePen o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ʻākau, ākea ākea racist National Front. ʻAʻohe ona mana maoli a ʻaʻohe ʻaoʻao kālaiʻāina ma hope ona, ʻoiai ka hapa nui o ka ʻahaʻōlelo i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia.
I kēia Pōʻaono, ua lohe ʻia ka poʻe hōʻikeʻike e hoʻomākeʻaka ana i ka poʻe o ka ʻupena TV ma Place de la Concorde, me ka huhū i ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he poʻe ʻaihue i manaʻo ʻia, e kapa ana i ka poʻe paʻi "Usurpers," "Ua makemake mākou e hele mai e hōʻike mālie," wahi a kekahi melemele kanalima. Ua ninaninau ʻia ʻo Vest e Médiapart. Hele mai au ma ke kaʻaahi, aia kaʻu kāleka ID i loko o kaʻu ʻeke. Ua hoolei nui mai lakou i ke kinoea waimaka ia makou a holo makou e like me na lapiti. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi pahu pahu. "Ua kiʻi mai lākou i nā pōpō Flash iā mākou" i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia i ʻelua mau wahine kokoke e kunou ana. "ʻO wai nā Vandals?"
ʻO kekahi mea hōʻike ʻē aʻe, ʻo Franck, mai Seine-et-Marne kokoke mai, ua hoʻohui ʻia: “Hele mākou i Champs-Elysées i kēia kakahiaka a i ko mākou hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻokokoke i nā wahi komo, ua hoʻopiha koke ʻia mākou me ka waimaka, 300 mika. imua o nā wahi hōʻoia. Huhū ʻo ia, "Hoʻopuka ʻo Macron i kona poʻe ponoʻī e like me Bashar el-Assad!"
Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻo Marité, he mea hoʻomaha loa mai nā wahi e pili ana: "Ke haʻi aku nei au i mua o ka CGT ua koho wau iā Macron, a ke noi aku nei au i kou kala ʻana." Ua hana ʻo ia no 42 makahiki, kāna kāne no 44; a hiki i ka $3, 200 o ka mahina a me ko lakou huhu. He wahine ʻo Morgane kona inoa i hoʻōho i loko o nā niho paʻa i lohe ʻia kekahi huaʻōlelo ma Farani mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana: “E noho ana ʻo Marie-Antoinette ma luna o ka puaʻa ma mua o ka Revolution. A ʻoki lākou i kona poʻo.”[3]
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha i kēia Pōʻaono ka haunaele nui ma nā alanui o Paris, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o ka Yellow Vests me nā hōʻike i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e ka CGT a me nā hui ʻē aʻe a me ka wahine. metoo ka neʻe ʻana, ka neʻe LGBT. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kamaʻilio maoli ʻana ma waena o nā lālā o kēia mau neʻe ʻokoʻa i hana ʻia ma lalo o nā ao o ke kinoea waimaka i ka wā i ʻauwana ai nā mea hōʻike like ʻole, kipaku ʻia e nā mākaʻi mai Champs-Elysées e nā mākaʻi, ma nā alanui hapa ʻole.
He hoʻomaka. Ua kali ka poʻe Palani huhū i ka Spring no ka "convergence" i hoʻohiki ʻia o nā hui like ʻole o nā haumāna a me nā limahana i hui kūʻē i ka hoʻoponopono kūʻē ʻana a Macron i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia e nā alakaʻi, e waiho kaʻawale ana i nā hui like ʻole.
Kaulana kaulana, Elite Hoowahawaha
ʻO nā papa kaulana Farani he mau moʻolelo hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi, a me he mea lā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka poʻe naʻauao postmodern denigration o ka 1789 French Revolution a me kona mau hope ma ke ʻano he pahū pono ʻole o ka hoʻomāinoino kaulana i hiki ʻole ke alakaʻi i nā dictatorships koko. ʻIke ʻo Morgane i nā mea a pau e pono ai ʻo ia e ʻike e pili ana i ka guillotine. Wahi a Gérard Noiriel, ka mea kākau o ka moʻolelo monumental o Farani 'mai lalo mai,' "ʻO nā ʻaʻahu melemele e ālai ana i nā alaloa a hōʻole ʻole e hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao kālai'āina ua lawe, ma ke ʻano huikau, ka moʻomeheu o ka Sans-culottes ʻO 1792-93, nā kamaʻāina hakakā o Pepeluali 1848, nā Communards o 1870-71 a me nā anarcho-syndicalists o nā makahiki ʻahaʻaina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻi mua kēia mau kuʻuna, i ka wā Feudal, me kāna mau kipi ʻana o ka poʻe mahiʻai e puhi ana i nā hale noho o ke konohiki a me nā mea hoʻohaunaele i ke kūlanakauhale. He aha ka mea i hoʻololi i ka hopena o 18th ʻO Century France ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā alanui a me ka lawelawe leka uila, i hiki ai i nā Kōmike Kipi o ka Correspondence ke hoʻonohonoho a hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻoluʻolu ma ka pae aupuni. I kēia lā, pāʻani like nā ʻoihana pūnaewele a me nā nūhou pūnaewele i ka manawa maoli.
E like me ke kipi ʻana o ka Vest Yellow i kēia lā, ʻo kēia mau kipi mōʻaukala i ka mua e pili ana i ka ʻauhau nui ʻole, e like me ka Kaha hapaʻumi o 10% (i hookauia e ka Ekalesia Katolika waiwai maluna o ka poe ilihune), ke alii Gabelle ʻauhau ma ka paʻakai (pono no ke ola a me ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai) a me ka Corvée (ʻo nā lā o ka hana manuahi ʻaiʻē i ke konohiki hanohano, ka Ekalesia a me ke aupuni.) ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻomāinoino, ua alakaʻi kēia mau ala kūʻokoʻa a hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī i ka repubalika democratic, nā Kuleana o ke kanaka, ka hoʻonaʻauao honua manuahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. i kēia lā)
ʻO ka mea maʻamau ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka Yellow Vests a me nā neʻe kaulana o ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ia ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i mālama ʻia e nā papa elite o Farani: nā aliʻi, nā aliʻi, nā kahuna pule kiʻekiʻe, nā mea kākau moʻolelo hoʻonaʻauao kūhelu, a i kēia lā ka media a ke alakaʻi o nā uniona a me nā ʻaoʻao hema, ka poʻe i komo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mea a ka Farani i kapa ai he "papa politika."
ʻAʻole nui ka loli mai ka wā kahiko. A laila, ʻōlelo hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ka poʻe aliʻi i ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻo "Jacques Bonhomme" (Goodfellow Jack), a i kā lākou kipi ʻino ʻana ʻo "Jacqueries." Ma kahi o 1360, ua hōʻike ka mea kākau moʻolelo Farani mahalo ʻia ʻo Jean Froissart: "Ua ʻākoakoa kēia poʻe ʻino me ke alakaʻi ʻole a me ka lima ʻole, ʻaihue a puhi i nā mea āpau a pepehi me ke aloha ʻole a me ke aloha ʻole, e like me nā ʻīlio huhū. A hoʻolilo lākou i aliʻi i waena o lākou i ʻoi aku ka hewa o ka poʻe ʻino; a ua kapaia keia alii o Jacques Bonhomme.
Kūlana papa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, wahi a Noiriel, hōʻike nā waihona i ka poʻe mahiʻai i koho ʻia e like me kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻo Guillaume Carle, i ʻike ʻia he "manaʻo maikaʻi a kamaʻilio maikaʻi."
Pēlā nō, no ʻekolu pule ke hoʻāʻo nei ke aupuni, ka media, a me ka hema (nā ʻaoʻao a me nā uniona) e hōʻike i nā ʻaʻahu Melemele ma ke ʻano he ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula a / a i ʻole nā mea ʻino, ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou huhū ākea i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka ʻauhau kinoea. Ma kahi hoʻolaha TV, hoʻāʻo mau ka mea hoʻopuka e nīnau ʻia ka Vest Melemele e ʻōlelo ʻo ia e kipi ana i ka ʻauhau, akā hoʻomau ka wahine i ka ʻōlelo hou ʻana: "Fated up to the ass-hole," "Ua loaʻa iā mākou. i ka hoki," "ʻO nā mea a pau."[5]
ʻO ka Left i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hōʻike liʻiliʻi i ke aloha no kēia, hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī, kūʻokoʻa (ʻoiai amorphous) kipi ʻana o ka poʻe o ka poʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa huhū a huhū, no ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike, hōʻole i ka noho aliʻi ʻana e nā alakaʻi hui a me nā hui. Eia kekahi, noho lākou ma nā wahi i lohe ʻole ʻia e kekahi a hīmeni i ka Marseillaise (he mele hoʻololi mua, akā ʻo wai ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo?) ʻOi aku, ʻo ke kala "Yellow" i hoʻohana ʻia e kū ai no "nā uniona scab." No laila, ʻo nā uniona a me nā ʻaoʻao hema, e like me ka mea maʻamau i ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o kekahi, ma kahi o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hakakā ʻana o ka Yellow Vests e kūʻē iā Macron a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke alakaʻi ma ka laʻana, ua haʻalele ke kahua i ka ʻākau. Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe o LePen (ua hoʻopili pū ʻia i loko o nā hakakā kūloko) e hoʻopunipuni i ka neʻe ʻana a hele liʻiliʻi, e like me Melanchon.
Palani i loko o ka pilikia?
Pepa Kaulike Hegemonic:
He Peresidena autocratic me ka ʻole o ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ke kauoha. Kāhea ka lehulehu iā ia e haʻalele. Huhu ka lehulehu o ka papa haʻahaʻa no ka ulu ʻana o ka like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma kahi ʻāina waiwai a me ka manaʻo ʻole o ke aupuni i ko lākou pilikia. ʻO kahi papa o nā limahana kīwila i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me nā limahana uniona e palu mau ana i ko lākou mau ʻeha a me ka uku ʻana i kā lākou mau bila ma hope o ka pale ʻole ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono kūʻē a ka Pelekikena i ka pūnāwai i hala.
ʻO nā hui kuʻuna - Left (Socialists, etc.) a me ka'ākau (Gaullists etc.) - ua hoʻololi i ka mana mai ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II i emi iho a uhi. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao hema loa (Melanchon, nā Trotskyists like ʻole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka ʻākau loa (ka National Front mua) ua hopohopo nui i nā hakakā kūloko e pāʻani i kekahi kuleana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka pāpaho ikaika a maikaʻi i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka makemake o ka ʻoihana nui akā nānā ʻia me ka kānalua e ka nui aʻe o ka lehulehu.
ʻO kahi "leaderless" hou loa i hoʻopili ʻia e ka media media, "ʻimi i kona ala ma ka hele ʻana," ʻoi aʻe a emi ʻole paha i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o nā kipi a me ka hakakā ʻana, e ʻike ana i kona mau alakaʻi kūlohelohe ("manaʻo maikaʻi, kamaʻilio maikaʻi" like. kahiko ʻo Guillaume Carle), e hoʻopuka ana i kona mau manaʻo ponoʻī no ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka ʻahahui.
Eia nā manaʻo hou ʻelua mai ka Yellow Vests a ʻaiʻē mai ka mōʻaukala ka 18th Kipi Farani Keneturi. ʻO ka mea mua, he kāhea no ke ʻano o ka ʻaha kanaka democratic. ʻO ka lua, ka hana ʻana o Cahiers de doléances (Grievance Notebooks) e like me nā mea ma 1788 e helu ana i nā hoʻopiʻi a pau a nā kānaka a me nā hoʻoponopono i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO nā manaʻo nui ʻelua. Hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana wale i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hollowness o ka hegemony o ka papa kālai'āina Farani, ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lehulehu media no ka hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī ʻana, a me ka makemake nui no ka hanohano a me ka democracy participatory incarnated i loko o kēia kipi mōʻaukala hou loa, hiki mai kekahi mea maikaʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, eia nā ʻāpana mai ka 2018 Yellow Vest Grievance list[6]:
ʻAʻohe mea i haʻalele i ka home ʻole.
- Hoʻopau i ke kulekele austerity. Hoʻopau i ka ukupanee no ka ʻaiʻē pono ʻole. Mai ʻauhau i ka poʻe ʻilihune e hoʻihoʻi, e ʻike i ka 85 biliona Euro o ka hoʻopunipuni kālā i ʻohi ʻole ʻia.
- E hana i kahi kulekele hoʻohui ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka ʻōlelo Farani, ka mōʻaukala a me nā papa civics no nā malihini.
- ʻO ka uku liʻiliʻi € 1500 i kēlā me kēia mahina
- Kūlanakauhale pono a me nā kikowaena kauhale. E kāpae i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale kūʻai nui.
- ʻOi aku ka holomua o ka ʻauhau loaʻa kālā.
- Pono nā hui nui e like me Mac Donald's, Google, Amazon a me Carrefour e uku i nā ʻauhau nui, a ʻo nā mea hana liʻiliʻi nā ʻauhau haʻahaʻa.
[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/01/world/europe/france-yellow-vests-protests-macron.html
[2] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/28/opinion/france-protests-yellow-vests.html
[3] Nā huaʻōlelo i unuhi ʻia mai https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/011218/les-gilets-jaunes-debordent-dans-les-rues-de-paris
[4] https://noiriel.wordpress.com/2018/11/21/les-gilets-jaunes-et-les-lecons-de-lhistoire/
[5] « on en a ras le cul » , « ras le cul », « ras le bol généralisé” BFM-TV, Nov.17, hōʻike ʻia ma https://noiriel.wordpress.com/2018/11/21/les-gilets-jaunes-et-les-lecons-de-lhistoire/
[6] https://aplutsoc.org/2018/12/01/la-methode-des-cahiers-de-doleances-par-robert-duguet/ papa inoa lōʻihi nui
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