Ua hoʻonohonoho ka Pelekikena o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo Helene, ʻo Zoe Konstantopoulou, i kahi komisina e loiloi i ka ʻaiʻē Helene a ua noi mai iaʻu e pāʻani i kahi ʻāpana ikaika i ia. Ua ʻae wau e lawe i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻepekema. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kēia komisina ma ka lā 17th Malaki 2015 ma Athens. |1|Ma keia hope iho nei ka mea kakau o Atenai no Le honua kākau ʻo ia,Ua hoʻohiki ka Luna Hoʻomalu o ka pāremata e hoʻokumu ʻo ia i komisina no ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻaiʻē Helene i nā pule e hiki mai ana, me ka manaʻo e ʻike inā he mea ʻino, ʻae ʻole a i ʻole ke kānāwai. Ua haʻi ʻo ia 'He kuleana ko ka poʻe e koi aku e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaiʻē i ʻike ʻia e ke komisina he hewa ʻole '". |2| ʻO ia ka pōʻaiapili paʻakikī aʻu e kākau nei.
Me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo ʻana he pau, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i kēia mau wehewehe:
- ʻO ka ʻaiʻē aupuni ʻole: ʻaiʻē i ʻaelike ʻia e ke aupuni me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka lehulehu hoihoi a i ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makemake nui.
- ʻAiʻē kūʻokoʻa: ʻae ʻia ka ʻaiʻē me ke kūʻē i ka ʻōnaehana kānāwai a kumukānāwai paha.
- ʻOious public aie: hōʻaiʻē i nā aupuni mana or hāʻawi ʻia ma nā kūlana e uhaki ana i ka pono pilikanaka, waiwai, moʻomeheu, civic, a me ka politika o ka poʻe i pili.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka ʻaiʻē lehulehu: ʻaiʻē hiki ke uku wale ʻia me nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe e like me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana o kona kūlana noho, ka mālama olakino a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka piʻi ʻana o ka nele i ka hana. I ka pōkole, ʻaiʻē e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pono kanaka. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻaiʻē ʻaʻole hiki i nā aupuni ke hoʻolako i nā pono kanaka.
Paukū 9 o ka Paukū 7 o ka Regulation No 472/2013 o ka European Parliament a me ka Council of 21 May 2013 (ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka mana o nā mokuʻāina e pono e hoʻokō i nā kulekele hoʻoponopono) hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono pono e hoʻokō i ka loiloi piha o ka ʻaiʻē aupuni i mea e wehewehe ai i ke kumu i piʻi nui ai ka ʻaiʻē a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema. Eia ka kikokikona piha: “E hoʻokō ka Mokuʻāina lālā i lalo o kahi papahana hoʻoponopono macroeconomic i ka loiloi piha o kāna kālā aupuni i mea e loiloi ai i nā kumu i alakaʻi ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaiʻē a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kūpono ʻole.”. |3|
ʻO ke aupuni Helene, ma lalo o Antonis Samaras, ua hōʻole i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kēia hoʻoponopono i mea e hūnā ai i ka heluna kanaka Helene, nā kumu maoli o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka aie, a me nā hewa i pili i ia.
ʻO nā mea a pau, ma kahi o kanakolu Helene a me nā loea International e komo i ke komisina a manaʻo ʻia kahi hōʻike mua ma Iune. He mea nui ke komo ʻana o ke kamaʻāina i kahi kaʻina hoʻokolokolo kūʻokoʻa.
Eia kekahi mau mea nui i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi loiloi.
Helene aie, aia ma 113% o GDP i ka makahiki 2009 ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pilikia Helene a me ke komo ʻana e ka Troika, i kēia manawa e paʻa ana i ka 4/5 o ka nui o ka aie, a hiki i ka 175% o GDP ma 2014. No laila ke ʻike nei mākou ua ukali ʻia ka hana ʻana o Troika e ka piʻi nui loa o ka aie Helene.
Ma waena o 2010 a me 2012, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hōʻaiʻē i hāʻawi ʻia e Troika iā Helene e uku i kāna mau ʻaiʻē koʻikoʻi i kēlā manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā panakō pilikino o nā ʻoihana ʻEulopa nui, e hoʻomaka ana me nā panakō Farani a me Kelemania. |4| I ka makahiki 2009, ua mālama ʻia kahi 80% o ka ʻaiʻē aupuni Helene e nā panakō pilikino o ʻehiku mau ʻāina EU. He kanalima pākēneka i mālama ʻia e nā panakō Farani a me Kelemania wale nō. Ma kahi palapala hōʻike ARTE hou |5| ʻO Paulo Nogueira Batista, kekahi o nā IMF'Ōlelo nā luna hoʻokele, ua ʻike nā lālā o ka papa IMF a pau i manaʻo ʻia ka hōʻaiʻē e mālama i nā panakō Farani a me Kelemania ʻaʻole ʻo Helene. |6| ʻO Philippe Legrain, ka mea aʻoaʻo i ka Pelekikena o ka European Commission José Manuel Barroso i ka makahiki 2010 i ka manawa i hāʻawi ai ka Troika i kāna hōʻaiʻē, e kuhikuhi ana 'IMF Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā mea hoʻoholo e ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka IMF o ia manawa, ʻo Dominique Strauss-Kahn, ka mea e holo ana i ka pelekikena Farani a no laila makemake ʻo ia e pale i nā panakō Farani mai ke alo ʻana i nā poho. Pēlā nō hoʻi ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā panakō Kelemania iā Angela Merkel he mea weliweli inā e nalowale ke kālā. No laila ua hoʻoholo nā aupuni Eurozone e hoʻohālike e kū ana ʻo Helene i nā pilikia pōkole wale nō.' Pono lākou e kāʻalo i kahi loina koʻikoʻi ma ke Kuikahi Maastricht, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pauku no-bail out. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā hōʻaiʻē iā Athens e hoʻopakele iā Helene akā ʻo nā panakō Farani a me Kelemania i hana naʻaupō i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hōʻaiʻē i kahi Mokuʻāina ʻole.'
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻaiʻē Helene e hōʻike ana ua hoʻonui nui nā panakō kūʻokoʻa ʻEulopa i kā lākou hōʻaiʻē iā Helene ma waena o ka hopena o 2005 a me 2009 (ua hele lākou mai € 80 biliona a i € 140 biliona, he € 60 biliona hoʻonui) ʻaʻole i lawe i kekahi moʻolelo o ka insolvency maoli o ka mokuʻāina. . Eia kekahi, ua emi loa ka lakou aie nā uku uku (0.35% no nā hōʻaiʻē ʻekolu mahina a me 4.5% no 10 mau makahiki i ʻOkakopa 2009 |7| ʻoiai ʻo ka awelika o nā paʻa Kelemania i ka manawa like ma kahi o 3.3%). |8| He lapuwale nā panakō, ua manaʻoʻiʻo lākou e hoʻopakele nā kino ʻEulopa iā lākou i kēlā me kēia hihia.
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, e hōʻike ana kahi loiloi i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka bail-out o Helene i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hui ʻEulopa me ke kōkua ʻana mai ka IMF, ua hiki i nā panakō o kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa me ka mana koʻikoʻi i nā hui ʻEulopa e hoʻomau i ka hōʻiliʻili. ka uku ʻaiʻē ʻoiai i ka manawa like e hoʻoili i ka pilikia i nā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o Troika. ʻAʻole ʻo Helene ka mea i hoʻopakele ʻia, akā he hapa o nā waihona pilikino nui i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā ʻāina ikaika loa o ka EU.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā panakō pilikino ʻEulopa e ka Troika ma ke ʻano he ʻaiʻē nui o Helene mai ka hopena o 2010.
E nānā ka loiloi i ke kānāwai a me ka pono o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopakele. Ua kulike anei ia me na kuikahi o Europa (e like me ka Paukū 125, ka mea e papa ana i na aina o EU mai ka lawe ana i na hana pili kālā o kekahi aina EU)? Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoholo maʻamau o EU? Ua hāʻawi ka poʻe hāʻawi kālā i ka lehulehu i ka makahiki 2010 (nā ʻāina 14 EU i hāʻawi iā Greece i € 53 biliona o nā hōʻaiʻē, ka IMF, ka ECB, ka European Commission etc.) mahalo i ke kumu o ka makemake kuokoa o ka mea aie, Helene, a i ole ia e pono ai mai ka pilikia o Helene ma ke alo o ka manao ino e hookau aku i na aelike e ku e ana i kona pono ponoi? Ua hoʻokau anei kēia mau mea ʻaiʻē i nā kūlana ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi e like me ka nui o ka uku paneʻe ma nā hōʻaiʻē? |9| Ua mahalo anei na Mokuaina 14 i haawi ia Helene i ko lakou mau kanawai a me na kumukanawai, a me ko Helene?
ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe ʻo ka loiloi i nā hana a ka IMF. Ua ʻike mākou he nui nā lālā o ka IMF Executive Board (ka Brazilian, Swiss, Argentine, India, Iranian, Kina, a me ka lālā o ʻAigupita) i hōʻike i nā kānalua nui e pili ana i ka hōʻaiʻē i hāʻawi ʻia e ka IMF, e kuhikuhi ana, ma waena o na mea e ae, aole e hiki ia Helene ke hookaa aku mamuli o na kulekele e kau ia ana maluna o ka aina |10|. Ua noi anei ke aupuni Helene, me ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka IMF i kēlā manawa, e hoʻopunipuni kāna ʻikepili helu i ka ʻikepili pololei i mea e hoʻopuka ai i kahi hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ke olakino kālā o ka ʻāina e ʻāpono ʻia ka IMF i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi bail. -i waho o ka papahana? Ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi mau luna aupuni Helene koʻikoʻi.
Ua hana koʻikoʻi ka ECB i kāna mau kuleana i ka koi ʻana i ka Pāremata Helene e hoʻoholo i nā kānāwai e pili ana i ke kuleana e paʻi, mālama olakino, kuleana o ka hui, hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pae uku?
Ma Malaki 2012, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Troika i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka ʻaiʻē Helene i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa ma ke ʻano he kūleʻa. Pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo ua hoʻolaha ʻo George Papandreou, ke Kuhina Nui, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa 2011, ma mua o kahi hālāwai o ka G20, ma Pepeluali 2012 e kāhea ʻo ia i kahi referendum no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka aie o Helene i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka Troika. Ma lalo o ke kaomi ʻana mai ka Troika, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēlā referendum a ua hōʻole ʻia ka poʻe Helene i ko lākou kuleana e hōʻike i ko lākou manaʻo no nā aie hou. Ua haʻi aku ka pāpāho nui i ka moʻolelo e ʻōlelo ana e hōʻemi ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka aie o Helene ma 50%. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka aie o Helene ma 2015 ma mua o 2011, ka makahiki ma mua o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 50% hoʻopau. E hōʻike ana ka loiloi i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o kēia hana hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi he hoʻopunipuni hilinaʻi nui, i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā kulekele e kūʻē i nā pono o Helene a me kona heluna kanaka.
Pono e loiloi ka loiloi inā ʻo nā kūlana koʻikoʻi i kau ʻia ma Helene e ka Troika no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hōʻaiʻē i loaʻa iā ia he mea hōʻeha koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano o nā kuʻikahi a me nā kuʻikahi me nā luna aupuni ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe ʻaiʻē a me ka mea hōʻaiʻē, Helene. , koi ʻia e hoʻokō. O ka polopeka o ke kanawai Andreas Fischer-Lescano, i kauohaia e ke Keena Hana o Vienna, |11| ua hōʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia nā papahana o Troika ma lalo o ke kānāwai ʻEulopa a me nā kānāwai honua. ʻO nā hana i ho'ākākaʻia i loko o nā papahana hoʻoponopono i kauʻia ma luna o Helene a me nā kulekele koʻikoʻi i ko lākou hopena kūpono e uhaki i nā pono kumu - e like me ke kuleana i ka mālama ola kino, i ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka hale, ka mālama ola, i ka uku kūpono, a me ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hui ʻana a me ka hui ʻana. Mālama ʻia kēia mau kuleana āpau e nā kānāwai he nui ma ka pae honua a me ʻEulopa, e like me ka Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Social Charter, the two UN Human Rights Covenants, the Charter of the UN , ka UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, ka UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a me nā hui pū o ka International Labor Organization (ILO), nona ke kūlana o nā kumu kānāwai kumu. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ʻatikala i uhaki ʻia e ka Memoranda i kau ʻia ma Helene, i kahakaha ʻia e ke kaukaʻi ʻo Fischer-Lescano, he mea kupanaha a me nā hui i hoʻokumu i ka Troika a i hoʻokumu ʻia e ia (ka Mechanism Kūʻokoʻa ʻEulopa, no ka laʻana) pili i ke kānāwai no kēlā mau hewa.
ʻO kahi noiʻi hou a Margot E. Salomon, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Center for the Study of Human Rights ma ka ʻO ke kula ʻo London no ka ʻoihana waiwai a me ka ʻepekema politika, hoʻomohala i nā manaʻo like me ke kaukaʻi Fischer-Lescano. Ma kēlā mau ʻaoʻao i kapa ʻia No Austerity, Nā Kuleana Kanaka a me nā ʻOihana Aupuni |12| Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia e pili ana nā hui i kūkulu ʻia i ka Troika e mālama i nā ʻaha kūkā o ʻEulopa a me ka honua e like me ka European Social Charter a i ʻole ka International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia lākou e hoʻoikaika i nā hana a nā Mokuʻāina e hopena i ko lākou uhaki ʻana i nā pono kanaka, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia e ka UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). |13| A laila, hōʻike ka haʻawina i ke kuleana kānāwai o Troika i ka uhaki ʻana i nā kuleana o ka heluna Helene mai kona komo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻaelike ma nā pae āpau. ʻOiai nā ʻōlelo a ka IMF e pili ana i nā ʻāina i kuleana nui no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele, ua waiho ʻia ʻo Helene i ka mākaʻikaʻi o Troika me ka ʻole o ka leeway a i ʻole wahi no ka hoʻokele. |14| ʻO ia mau ʻaoʻao kūpono ʻole, pono e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia e ke kōmike hoʻoponopono, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a ke aupuni Helene kahiko i ka Troika (i kapa ʻia ʻo 'institutions') i mea ʻole, a ua uhi kēia i nā hōʻaiʻē i loaʻa iā Greece i ka uku no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ia ʻano. nā ʻaelike pili kānāwai.
Pono ka loiloi e hōʻoia inā, e like me ka mea i hoʻolako ʻia ma Regulation (EU) No. 472/2013 o ka European Parliament a me ka Council of 21 Mei, 2013, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, "The draft macroeconomic adjustment programme... full observe[s] Article 152 TFEU a me ka Paukū 28 o ka Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Pono ka loiloi e hōʻoia inā pili ʻia kēia ʻōlelo aʻe o ka Regulation: "E noʻonoʻo nā hana hoʻohui kālā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ka papahana hoʻoponopono macroeconomic i ka pono e hōʻoia i nā ala kūpono no nā kulekele kumu, e like me ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka mālama ola kino." Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia inā ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu kumu o ka Regulation: "ʻO ka ʻatikala 9 o ka Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) e hāʻawi ai, i ka wehewehe ʻana a hoʻokō i kāna mau kulekele a me kāna mau hana, e lawe ka Union. i nā koi e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka palekana o ka nohona, ka hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka nohona, a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao, hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ke olakino kanaka. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea i luna ma muli o ka hōʻike loiloi i paʻi ʻia ma ʻApelila 2014 e ka EU ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana hoʻoponopono ʻelua, kahi e hōʻike ai nā mea kākau i ka hauʻoli i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o 20% o nā hana āpau ma Helene. oihana aupuni |15|. Ma kahi hoʻokomo i kapa ʻia ʻo “Success stories of the Economic Adjustment Programme,” ua ʻike mākou ua lilo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mākeke hana ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka uku haʻahaʻa loa o ke kānāwai a ua hoʻopau ʻia he 150,000 mau hana ma ka hoʻokele aupuni ("Decrease in general. 'oihana aupuni e 150,000", p. 10).
ʻO ke kūlana o ka aie ma mua o ke komo ʻana o Troika i Mei 2010 |16|
ʻO ka mea mua, aia ka ʻaiʻē i ʻaelike ʻia e ke aupuni dictators a ua hoʻonui ʻia ma waena o 1967 a me 1974. ʻO kēia ka mea maopopo loa he ʻaiʻē ʻino |17|.
Ma hope mai, loaʻa iā mākou ka hōʻino 'Olumepika o ka makahiki 2004. Wahi a Dave Zirin, i ka wā i hoʻolaha haʻaheo ai ke aupuni i nā kamaʻāina Helene i ka makahiki 1997 e loaʻa iā Helene ka hanohano o ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā pāʻani ʻOlumepika ʻehiku mau makahiki mai kēia manawa, nā luna o Athens a me ka International Olympic Olympic. Ua hoʻolālā ke komite e hoʻolilo i 1.3 biliona kālā. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai i ʻehā a i 5.3 biliona kālā. Ma hope koke iho o nā pāʻani, ua hōʻea ke kumukūʻai kūhelu i 14.2 biliona kālā. |18| I kēia lā, e like me nā kumu like ʻole, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai maoli ma luna o 20 biliona kālā.
Nui nā ʻaelike i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma waena o nā mana Helene a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe pilikino koʻikoʻi ke kumu o ka hōʻino no kekahi mau makahiki ma Helene. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau ʻaelike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka aie. Eia kekahi mau laʻana i hana i ka nūhou nui ma Helene.
ʻO ka hōʻino o nā submarines German (i hana ʻia e HDW, ma hope i lawe ʻia e Thyssen) no ka huina o 5 biliona euros, nā submarines i loaʻa ka hemahema o ka papa inoa ma ka hema (!) Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo e pili ana i nā hoʻopiʻi (no ka palaho) i nā kuhina pale mua.
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kekahi mau ʻaelike me ka German transnational Siemens, i hoʻopiʻi ʻia - e ka Kelemania a me nā ʻaha Helene - no ka uku ʻana i nā komisina a me nā kipe ʻē aʻe i nā luna aupuni Helene, ka pūʻali koa a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka nui o hoʻokahi piliona kālā. ʻO ka luna kiʻekiʻe o ka hui ʻo Siemens-Hellas, |19| ʻO ka mea i ʻae ua "kālā" i nā ʻaoʻao politika Helene ʻelua, ua holo i ka makahiki 2010 i Kelemania a ua hōʻole nā ʻaha Kelemania i ke koi ʻana o Helene no ka extradition. ʻO kēia mau mea hōʻino ke kūʻai aku, i hana ʻia e Siemens a me kā lākou mau hoa pili honua, o ʻO Patriot nā ʻōnaehana antimissile (1999, 10 miliona euros ma ke kīpē), ka digitalization o ka OTE - ka Hellenic Telecommunications Organization - nā kikowaena kelepona (kipe o 100 miliona euros), ka ʻōnaehana palekana "C41" i kūʻai ʻia i ka manawa o ka 2004 Olympics a ʻaʻole loa. hana, kuai i na lako i ka Helene railway (OSE), o ka Hermes kelepona nenoaiu i ka Helene pūʻali, o loa pipiʻi lako kuai i Helene halemai.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki 2015 kahi hoʻokolokolo ma ka hihia OTE, kekahi o nā hihia palaho e pili ana iā Siemens, wehe ʻia ma Athens. |20| ʻO 13 o ka 64 mau mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia he limahana hoʻokele Kelemania o ka hui makua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua uku ʻo Siemens i ka € 70 miliona no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻaelike e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pūnaewele kelepona lehulehu Helene, OTE (ua kau inoa ʻia ka ʻaelike ma 1997). ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia ke alakaʻi mua o Siemens Hellas, ʻo Michalis Christoforakos, ka mea i holo i Kelemania a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia e nā luna Kelemania i Helene. Loaʻa nā uku i ka 'kala kala kālā' a me ka 'hoʻopiʻi hana a me ka hoʻopunipuni'. ʻO Theodoros Tsoukatos, he kākāʻōlelo no ke Kuhina Nui PASOK Kostas Simitis, |21| aia no hoi iwaena o ka poe i hoopiiia. ʻO nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe he mau luna kiʻekiʻe o ka hui Helene ʻo Siemens a me nā kamaʻāina Kelemania i komo i ka ʻaihue. I kēia manawa, hoʻokahi wale nō mea kālai'āina Helene i hoʻopaʻi ʻia ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ke Kuhina Kaʻa mua ʻo Tasos Mantelis, ka mea i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2011 ka hoʻopaʻi paʻahao ʻekolu makahiki i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo ia i hewa no ka ʻae ʻana iā DEM450,000 (€230,000) mai Siemens mai 1998 a hiki i 2000. XNUMX.
No ka manawa ma mua o ka makahiki 2010 e hōʻike ke kōmike hoʻoponopono aie i ke komo ʻana o Goldman Sachs i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā moʻokāki Helene a me ke ʻano o ka hopena i ka aie. |22| Pono e hōʻike i ka hopena o nā makana a ke aupuni Helene i nā panakō Helene a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi o nā aupuni kālā Helene nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Tycoon Latsis, ʻaʻole pono ʻole, a me ke kānāwai ʻole. E nānā pū ʻia ka hopena i ka ʻaiʻē Helene o Helene i ke komo ʻana i ka Eurozone.
Ka Hopena. Pono ke komisina hoʻokolo e hoʻoholo i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaiʻē i ʻaelike ʻia e ke aupuni Helene ma mua a ma hope o ke komo ʻana o Troika he mea pono ʻole, ʻae ʻole, ʻino, a paʻa ʻole. E hōʻike pū ana i nā kuleana o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā ia, ma Helene a ma waho, ma nā pōʻai kālā, ma waena o nā Luna Nui o nā hui transnational, a ma loko o nā hui ʻEulopa.
I ka wā i hoʻohiki ʻia ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he Pelekikena o ka Pāremata Helene, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Zoe Konstantopoulou e hana ʻia nā hana e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka Pāremata i kahi kōkua koʻikoʻi i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o ka aie a me nā manaʻo e loaʻa ana ka pilikia kanaka i kēia manawa. pono e hoohui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole he kuʻuna wale nō ka diplomacy parliamentary a ʻaʻole like me ka pilina lehulehu. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia e pono ke koi ʻia e ka pāremata no kahi hopena kūpono e pōmaikaʻi ai ka poʻe Helene, me ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka aie a me ka moratorium no ka uku ʻana, a me ke kāhea ʻana i nā pāremata ʻē aʻe a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa e hele nei e hōʻike i ko lākou lokahi. me ka poe Helene. |23|
E like me ka Zoe Konstantopoulou i ʻōlelo ai Le Monde ma ka lā 7 Malaki 2015 'He kuleana ko ka poʻe e koi aku e hoʻopau ʻia kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻaiʻē a ke komisina e hōʻoia ai i ke kānāwai.'
Unuhi: Christine Pagnoulle a me Vicki Briault
Nāʻaoʻao hemahema
|1| E nana http://cadtm.org/The-Speaker-of-the-Greek
|2| E nana http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2015/03/07/l-incorruptible-de-la-vouli-figure-de-syriza_4589258_3210.html paʻi ʻia 7 Malaki 2015 a i ʻole http://fischer02003.over-blog.com/2015/03/biographie-de-zoe-konstantopoulou.html
|3| http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32013R0472
|4| C. Lapavitsas, A. Kaltenbrunner, G. Lambrinidis, D. Lindo, J. Meadway, J. Michell, JP Painceira, E. Pires, J. Powell, A. Stenfors, N. Teles : "ʻO ka Eurozone ma waena o ka austerity a me ka paʻamau. ”, Kepakemapa 2010. http://www.researchonmoneyandfinanc…
E ʻike pū iā Eric Toussaint, “Greece-Germany: ʻo wai ka ʻaiʻē iā wai? (Mahele 2) Mālama ʻia nā mea hōʻaiʻē, mōhai ka poʻe Helene", paʻi ʻia 6 Nowemapa 2012, http://cadtm.org/Greece-Germany-who…
|5| ARTE palapala na Harald Schumann « Puissante et incontrôlée : la troïka ». E ʻike i ka transcript CADTM kokoke pau loa http://cadtm.org/Comment-la-Troika-s-est-erigee-en, 11 Malaki 2015 (ma Palani).
|6| http://www.marianne.net/on-renfloue-grece-sauver-les-banques-francaises-allemandes-100231807.html
|7| E nana http://www.investing.com/rates-bonds/greece-10-year-bond-yield-historical-data
|8| E nana http://www.investing.com/rates-bonds/germany-10-year-bond-yield-historical-data
|9| ʻO nā kumukūʻai i kau ʻia ma 2010-201 ma waena o 4% a me 5.5%. Ma 2012 lākou, ma hope o nā kūʻē (me ke aupuni Irish i noi ʻia hoʻi e uku i ka uku panee kiʻekiʻe ma 2010), hoʻemi ʻia i 1%. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka uku he hōʻoia huna ʻia e nā mokuʻāina 14 he kiʻekiʻe loa ka uku panee.
|10| E nana i na hoike ana mai Ka Wall Street Pai: http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2013/10/07/imf-document-excerpts-disagreements-revealed/ E nānā i kekahi: http://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/10/08/secret-imf-report-shows-greek-bailout-worries/
|11| E nānā i kāna hōʻike "Human Rights in Times of Austerity Policy", i paʻi ʻia ma 17 Pepeluali, 2014, loaʻa ma http://www.etui.org/content/download/13817/113830/file/Legal+Opinion+Human+Rights+in+Times+of+Austerity+Policy+(final).pdf.
|12| http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2550773 paʻi ʻia ma 29 Nowemapa 2014
|13| CESCR, Manaʻo Nui No. 18, The Right to Work (art 6), (35th kau, 2005) UN Doc. E/C12/GC/18 (2005), para. 30; CESCR, Manaʻo Nui No. 19, The Right to Social Security (Art. 9), (39th kau, 2008) UN Doc. E/C.12/GC/19, para. 58 'Pono nā ʻaoʻao mokuʻāina e hōʻoia i kā lākou mau hana ma ke ʻano he lālā o nā hui honua e noʻonoʻo pono i ke kuleana i ka palekana. No laila, pono nā ʻaoʻao o nā mokuʻāina i lālā o nā ʻoihana kālā o ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka International Monetary Fund, ka World Bank, a me nā panakō hoʻomohala kūloko, e hana i nā hana e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pono o ka mālama ola kanaka i kā lākou mau kulekele hōʻaiʻē, ʻaelike aie a me nā hana honua ʻē aʻe. Pono nā moku'āina e hōʻoia i nā kulekele a me nā hana o nā hui kālā o ka honua a me ka'āpana'āina, e pili ana i kā lākou kuleana i ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokōʻana i nā pūnaewele palekana, e hoʻoikaika aʻaʻole e keʻakeʻa i ke kuleana i ka palekana. ".
|14| ʻAoʻao 8 : "E like me ka IMF, 'ʻo ka ʻāina lālā ke kuleana nui no ke koho ʻana, hoʻolālā, a hoʻokō i nā kulekele e holomua ai ka papahana kākoʻo IMF. 'ōlelo kiko'ī a me nā koi i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka Memoranda me Helene e pili ana i ka nui o ka nānā ʻana o Troika a maopopo i kāna mau kuhikuhi nui: 'Ua hoʻohiki nā mana [Greek] e kūkākūkā me ke Komisina ʻEulopa, ka ECB a me ka IMF ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana. o na kulekele i kulike ole me keia memo'; 'O nā hana no ka nānā 'ana, 'o ia ho'i ka ho'opa'a 'ia 'ana o ka ho'oponopono hou 'ana e ka 'Aha'ōlelo (o ka 'ōnaehana penihana no ka ho'omau 'ana i ka wā lō'ihi); '… e hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma ke kūkākūkā pili ʻana me ke Komisina ʻEulopa, IMF a me nā limahana ECB, a ʻo kona hopena i manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi e hōʻoia ʻia e ka EU Economic Policy Committee'. me ke Komisina ʻEulopa, ka ECB a me nā limahana IMF e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kulekele i hāʻule i loko o ke ʻano o kēia Memorandum e ʻae ana i ka manawa kūpono no ka loiloi 'a ʻoi aku: 'E pili ana ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā loiloi i kēlā me kēia hapaha o ke kūlana no ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻonohonoho "
|15| Komisina ʻEulopa, Luna Hoʻokele Nui no ka ʻoihana waiwai a me ke kālā, ka papahana hoʻoponopono hoʻokele waiwai ʻelua no Helene, ʻEhā Review - ʻApelila 2014, p. 3, E nana http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2014/pdf/ocp192_en.pdf (Nā ʻaoʻao 304).
|16| Loaʻa ka ʻāpana o nā manaʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi pepa 2011 http://cadtm.org/Greece-the-very-symbol-of. Ua paʻi ʻia ma Elena Papadopoulou lāua ʻo Gabriel Sakellaridis (eds), ʻO ka Economy Political of Public Debt and Austerity in the EU (Transform, Athens, 2012). ʻO nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe ʻo Yanis Varoufakis, Alexis Tsipras, Nicos Chountis, Yiannis Dragasakis, Euclid Tsakalotos. http://transform-network.net/uploads/tx_news/public_debt.pdf
|17| Wahi a Alexander Sack, nāna i manaʻo i ke aʻo ʻana o ka ʻaiʻē ʻino, "Ina i aie ka mana hookolokolo, aole no ka pono a no ka pono o ka Mokuaina, aka, no ka hooikaika ana i kona aupuni hoowahawaha, e hoopau i ka heluna kanaka e hakaka ana iaia, etc. ʻAʻole kēia ʻaiʻē he kuleana no ka lāhui; he aie aupuni, he aie ponoi o ka mana i loaa mai, nolaila, haule ia me ka haule ana o keia mana.” (Sack, 1927). No ka ʻike kikoʻī, e ʻike (ma ka ʻōlelo Farani) " La dette odieuse ou la nullité de la dette ", he haʻawina i ka lua o ka seminar ma ke kānāwai International a me ka ʻaiʻē i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e CADTM ma Amsterdam i Dekemaba 2002, http://www.cadtm.org/La-dette-odieuse-ou-la-nullite-de . E ʻike pū i ka "Topicality of the odious aie aʻoaʻo", http://www.cadtm.org/Topicality-of-the-odious-debt,3515 a http://www.cadtm.org/Topicality-of-the-odious-debt
|18| ʻO Dave Zirin, "ʻO ka 'Olumepika Nui Scam, Pono nā kūlanakauhale e'ōleloʻole", www.counterpunch.org/zirin07052005.html : "Akā, no ka poʻe me ka pōkole hoʻomanaʻo, pono e nānā wale i nā pāʻani kauwela 2004 ma Athens, ka mea i hoʻopau i ka hoʻokele Helene. I ka makahiki 1997 i ka wā i lanakila ai ʻo Athens i nā pāʻani, ua manaʻo nā alakaʻi o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke Kōmike ʻOlumepika International he 1.3 biliona kālā. I ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻolālā kikoʻī maoli, ua lele ke kumukūʻai i $ 5.3 biliona. I ka pau ʻana o nā pāʻani, ua hoʻolilo ʻo Greece i kahi $ 14.2 biliona, e koi ana i ka deficit kālā o ka ʻāina e hoʻopaʻa i nā pae.
|19| E ʻike i kahi hōʻuluʻulu kikoʻī o ka hōʻino Siemens-Hellas ma http://www.scribd.com/doc/14433472/Siemens-Scandal-Siemens-Hellas . ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi i hana ʻia e nā ʻaha Kelemania iā Siemens ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia i mea e pale aku ai i kahi hoʻopaʻi ma ke ʻano kūpono, ua ʻae ka hui e uku i ka uku o 201 miliona euros i nā luna Kelemania i ʻOkakopa 2007. ʻO kahi nui, i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana, hoʻolaha ka hui transnational ma kāna ʻaoʻao pūnaewele ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i 100 miliona euros i kahi waihona anti-corruption. Nānā: http://www.siemens.com/sustainability/en/compliance/collective_action/integrity_initiative.php
|20| E nana http://www.greece.com/news/7358/Court_says_64_to_be_tried_in_Siemens_bribery_scandal.html a http://www.okeanews.fr/20150309-scandale-siemens-ote-proces-pour-64-suspects-dont-13-allemands
|21| ʻO Kostas Simitis ka pelekikena o PASOK a me PM mai 1996 a 2004.
|22| E ʻike i ka palapala palapala ARTE Goldman Sachs – La banque qui dirige le monde, mai ka minuke 39, https://vimeo.com/49904381
|23| E nana http://cadtm.org/Discours-prononce-par-Zoe paʻi ʻia ma 14 Pepeluali 2015 (ma Palani, ʻAʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi kumu hilinaʻi no kēlā ʻāpana o kāna haʻiʻōlelo ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania)
Eric Toussaint, PhD i ka ʻepekema politika, he waha ʻōlelo no CADTM international a he lālā o ka ʻaha kūkā ʻepekema o ATTAC Farani. He mea kākau nui ʻo ia; ma waena o nā poʻo inoa ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania Bancocracy; Ke ola a me nā hewa o kahi kanaka hoʻohālike; Nānā i ke aniani ʻike hope. Neoliberal Ideology mai kona kumu a hiki i kēia manawa.
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
E Makana mai
1 manaʻo hoʻopuka
“Ke hana nei ka ʻōnaehana panakō hou i ke kālā mai ka mea ʻole. ʻO ke kaʻina hana paha ka mea kupanaha loa o ka lima lima i haku ʻia. Ua hāpai ʻia ka waihona kālā ma ka hewa a hānau ʻia ma ka hewa. Na ka poe panakō ka Honua. E lawe aku ia lakou mai ia lakou aku, aka, e waiho aku ia lakou i ka mana e hana i ke kala, a me ka pa ana o ka peni e loaa ia lakou ke dala lawa no ke kuai hou ana mai… E lawe aku i keia mana nui mai o lakou aku, a e nalo aku na pomaikai nui e like me koʻu, a pono lakou e nalo, no ka mea, e lilo keia ao i honua maikai a hauoli e noho ai. Aka, ina e makemake oe e hoomau i ka noho kauwa na na banako a e uku i ke kumukuai o kou hookauwa ponoi ana, alaila, e hoomau ka poe banako e hana i ke kala a me ka hoomalu ana. aie.”
ʻO Sir Josiah Stamp: Luna Hoʻokele, Bank of England 1928-1941, (ʻO ka 2nd kanaka waiwai loa ma ʻEnelani i kēlā manawa)
"ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ke kālā, ma mua o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana waiwai, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka paʻakikī e hūnā a pale paha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hōʻike."
ʻO John Kenneth Galbraith: mea hoʻokele waiwai.