Ua hōʻike aku ka poʻe ʻepekema hanohano ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka Atlantika i nehinei e hoʻomohala ana ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi hanauna hou o nā mea kaua e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hōʻino paha i nā kuʻikahi o ka honua ma ke kaua olaola a me ke kaua.
ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema, nā loea i ka bio-warfare a me nā mea kaua kemika, e ʻōlelo ana ka Pentagon, me ke kōkua o ka pūʻali koa Pelekania, ke hana pū nei i nā mea kaua "non-lethal" e like me ke kinoea narcotic i hoʻohana ʻia e nā pūʻali Lūkini e hoʻopau i ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka pule i hala ma Moscow. .
Ke kuhikuhi nei lākou i ka paradox o ka US e hoʻomohala ana i kēlā mau mea kaua i ka manawa e hāpai ana i ka hana kaua e kūʻē iā Iraq ma ke kumu e uhai ana ʻo Saddam Hussein i nā kuʻikahi honua.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Malcolm Dando, ke kaukaʻi o ka palekana honua ma ke Kulanui o Bradford, a me Mark Wheelis, he kumu aʻo i ka microbiology ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, ke paipai nei ʻo ʻAmelika i ka haki ʻana i nā mea kaua ma o kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā pōpoki pūpū biological, anthrax a me nā non- nā mea kaua make no ka hoʻohana ʻana e kūʻē i ka lehulehu ʻenemi, a ma muli o ka mea huna i mālama ʻia ai kēia mau papahana.
"Hiki i ka ʻae ʻole ʻana inā ʻo ka mea a ʻAmelika e hana nei e hōʻike ana i ka uhai ʻana i nā kuʻikahi," wahi a Mr Wheelis i ka Guardian. "Akā ʻo ka mea e hana nei ma kahi kokoke loa i ka palena palena e hiki ai ke destabilizing."
Ma kahi pepa e paʻi koke ʻia i loko o ka puke pai ʻepekema Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, ua nānā nā mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻelua i nā hana US hou i hana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka 1972 Biological Weapons Convention. Ma kahi neʻe i hoʻokūhoihoi i ke kaiāulu o ka honua i Iulai i hala, ua kāohi ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i ka ʻaha kūkā i kekahi mau niho me ka nānā ʻana, i hiki ai i nā ʻāina lālā ke nānā inā mālama kekahi i ka ʻaelike.
Manaʻo ʻo Mr Dando ʻo ke kumu o Wakinekona no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka ʻaelike, ka mea i kākoʻo ʻia e kona mau hoa pili, ʻo ia ka mālama huna ʻana i ka hana noiʻi US ma nā mea kaua ola. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana ka hana:
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo CIA e kope i kahi pōkā puʻupuʻu Soviet i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopuehu i nā mea kaua ola
He papahana na ka Pentagon e kūkulu i kahi mea kanu bio-mea kaua mai nā mea kūʻai kūʻai e hōʻoia i hiki i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ke hana like.
No ka noiʻi ʻana e ka Defense Intelligence Agency i ka hiki ʻana o ka genetically engineering i kahi maʻi hou o ka antibiotic-resistant anthrax
He polokalamu e hana ai i nā spores anthrax maloʻo a me nā mea kaua, no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā bio-defence US, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā spores i ʻōlelo ʻia i hana ʻia ma mua o ka pono no ia mau kumu a maopopo ʻole inā ua luku ʻia a mālama wale ʻia paha.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo US i ka hana noiʻi e hana ʻia no nā kumu pale, akā ʻo ko lākou kānāwai ma lalo o ka BWC he mea kānalua, hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ʻepekema.
No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole kahi ʻōlelo i loko o ke kuʻikahi mea kaua olaola i ka poʻe pūlima mai ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i "nā mea kaua, nā lako a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopuka i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻohana i kēlā mau mea hana a i ʻole nā mea ʻawaʻawa no nā kumu hakakā a i ʻole i ka hakakā kaua".
Eia kekahi, ua ʻae nā mea hōʻailona e hana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha makahiki e pili ana i kā lākou papahana biodefence, akā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻo US i kekahi o ia mau papahana i kāna mau hōʻike. Akā, ua puka mai lākou mai nā leaks a me ka hōʻike paʻi.
ʻO ka manaʻo i ka papahana olaola a me nā mea kaua kemika o Wakinekona e hele mai ana i kahi manawa kūponoʻole no ka hoʻomalu o Bush, i paʻa i loko o nā kūkākūkāʻana ma UN no ka hoʻoholo paʻakikī i ka nānāʻana i nā mea kaua o Iraq. Wahi a Mr Dando, ʻo ka noiʻi Pelekane a me US i nā mea kaua hallucinogenic e like me ke kinoea BZ i paipai iā Iraq e nānā i nā mea hana like. "Ua hōʻike mākou iā lākou i ke ala," wahi āna.
Ua hoʻohui ʻo Mr Dando e hana ana ʻo ʻAmelika i nā mea kaua "non-lethal" e like me ke kinoea o nā pūʻali Lūkini i hoʻohana ʻia e wāwahi i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Moscow. ʻO ia mau mea he "calmative" agent i hoʻolālā ʻia e kīkē i ka poʻe me ka pepehi ʻole iā lākou.
"ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia ma Moscow he harbinger o nā mea e hiki mai ana," wahi a Mr Dando. "Aia kahi hoʻololi i ka ʻepekema ola e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi ala nui i ke kaua. He hiʻohiʻona mua ia o ka haunaele a mākou e hana nei. "
Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia ʻo Pelekane "ua pili pū kekahi", no ka mea, ua hana pū ka Pentagon's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate me nā luna Pelekane ma kāna noiʻi.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jonathan Tucker, he loea mea kaua ma ka US Institute for Peace ma Wakinekona, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hana ma nā mea kaua make ʻole e lawe ʻia ana e kahi institute ma lalo o ke keʻena hoʻokolokolo US akā ua uku ʻia e ka Pentagon.
"Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e mālama i ka lōʻihi o ka lima, akā pilikia ia no nā kumu koa. ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā mea kaua kemika e hoʻokaʻawale loa i waena o ka hoʻomalu haunaele a me nā mea hiki ʻole, "wahi āna.
ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻo Mr Tucker ua pāpā ʻia kēlā mau kinoea kīkēkē ma lalo o ke kuʻikahi, ua manaʻo ʻo Mr Dando lāua ʻo Mr Wheelis ua hoʻohana ka Pentagon i kahi loophole e hiki ai i ia mau mea kaua no "nā kumu hoʻokō kānāwai".
Akā ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kuʻikahi, hoʻopaʻapaʻa lākou e kono ana ʻo US i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hana like. ʻO ka US, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr Dando, "ke holo nei i ka pōʻino maoli o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka honua i lalo i kahi ala e hōʻemi nui ai i ka palekana o nā mea āpau."
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