Ma ke kakahiaka o Malaki 14, ua hoʻokokoke kekahi haumāna lapaʻau UCLA makahiki mua i kapa ʻia ʻo Kayla Gu i ka microphone ma kahi hālāwai o ka Papa Regents o kāna kulanui. Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka ʻaʻahu keʻokeʻo me kahi stethoscope ma kona ʻāʻī, ua koi ʻo ia i ke kulanui e waiho i kahi koi patent e kali nei ma ka ʻaha kiʻekiʻe o India, i waiho ʻia e ke kula ʻo David Geffen School of Medicine i mea e pale ai i ka hana maʻamau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi prostate enzalutamide, inoa kālepa. Xtandi. ʻOiai ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma UCLA me nā ʻumi miliona o ke kālā mai ka National Institutes of Health a me ka US Army, ke hana nei ka mea pilikua lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Pfizer i mau piliona kālā ma ke kumu kūʻai ʻana i kahi papa maʻamau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma $130,000.
"Ma ke ʻano he mau haumāna lapaʻau, haʻaheo mākou e hele i kahi kula aupuni me kahi misionari pilikanaka," i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Gu i nā regents, "[a] minamina i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hoʻoholo laikini i hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi e kōkua i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama olakino, a me ka mālama ʻana iā Xtandi nā lima o ka poʻe ʻilihune a puni ka honua."
ʻO kēlā Pfizer e hoʻāʻo e pale i kahi lāʻau maikaʻi mai ka hoʻokūkū maʻamau ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana hui e manaʻo ai mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana e pili ana i nā patent monopoly lōʻihi. ʻO ka nīnau a Gu no nā regents, kahi i hui pū ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ulu nei, ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai kahi kulanui aupuni e pale i nā palena kālā kalaima o ka ʻoihana ma ka lilo o nā miliona o ke ola kanaka.
"Inā hana ʻo Dreamworks i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka hihia Xtandi, ʻo David Geffen School of Medicine ka mea ʻino," wahi a Jamie Love, o Knowledge Ecology International, kekahi o nā pūʻulu i mua o ke kūʻē kūʻē i ka koi patent a UCLA. "ʻO ka hoʻoholo a ke kula e ʻimi ikaika i ka pale patent ma India no kahi pila e kūʻai ana ma kahi o 30 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kālā no kēlā ʻāina he mea hōʻeha nui."
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka lilo ʻana o UCLA i kanaka maʻi maʻi maʻi Hollywood ʻo ia ka moʻolelo o kahi paipu lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻino ʻia a hoʻopōʻino ʻia e nā patent monopoly, kahi palaho e piʻi i uka i nā labs i kākoʻo ʻia e NIH kahi i mālama ʻia ai ka noiʻi holomua. He mea koʻikoʻi ka palaho o nā labs kulanui, wahi a ka poʻe hoʻoponopono, no ka mea, ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi nāwaliwali koʻikoʻi i kahi ʻōnaehana patent. Ke hoʻomau ʻia nei nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i loko o nā keʻena o ke kulanui i hoʻopaʻa kālā ʻia e ka lehulehu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka puka ākea, nā loko patent aliʻi ʻole, a hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka paʻa ʻana o nā hui lāʻau e kūʻai aku iā lākou me Wall Street, ʻaʻole pono kanaka a pilikino paha. ma ka manao mua. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka lilo ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi HIV i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1990. Ua loaʻa ka kūleʻa like i ka makahiki i hala, i ka manawa i hāʻawi aku ai ʻo Johns Hopkins i ka Medicines Patent Pool i laikini kūʻokoʻa ʻole aliʻi e hoʻomohala i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi.
"Inā hiki iā mākou ke koi i nā kulanui mai loko mai e kauoha i ke komo ʻana a me ka hiki ke loaʻa, hiki ke kūkulu i kahi ala hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻokahi keʻena kulanui i kākoʻo ʻia e NIH i ka manawa," wahi a Merith Basey, ka luna hoʻokele o nā Kulanui Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM). ).
Hōʻike ka hihia UCLA i ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i nā kuʻikahi wehe i ke ʻano maʻamau. Ma ka pepa, ua ʻōlelo ke Kulanui o Kaleponi e kaʻana like i nā waiwai a me nā pahuhopu o nā pūʻulu komo lāʻau e like me Basey's a me ka Union of Affordable Cancer Treatment. I ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻohiki ka ʻōnaehana UC e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā "patenting humanitarian patenting and licensing planes" e hōʻike ana i kahi "misiona hoʻomaikaʻi lehulehu" a "hoʻolaha i ke komo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka honua ulu."
Akā ʻo ka hoʻoikaika kānāwai o ke kula ma New Delhi he mea hoʻohenehene i kēia ʻōlelo hoʻohiki. He liʻiliʻi loa nā maʻi maʻi maʻi prostate ma India, a i ʻole ma kekahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā kumukūʻai sticker Xtandi mai $30,000 (Kanada) a ʻoi aku ma mua o $130,000 (US). Inā hoʻokō ʻo UCLA i "nā hana laikini kanaka," e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia mai ke ala o nā hui India e kū mākaukau a hiki ke hoʻomaka e hana i nā mana generic o Xtandi no ka liʻiliʻi o $200 no kēlā me kēia papa.
Ke pale nei ʻo UCLA i kona kūlana ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aelike o kāna mau hui ʻoihana. I Kepakemapa 2017, ua kākau ka Hope Chancellor of Health Science o UCLA, ʻo John Mazziotta. palapala i ka Union of Affordable Cancer Treatment e ʻōlelo ana e hana ke kula i ka noi a Pfizer ma muli o "nā ʻōlelo o [kahi] ʻaelike laikini [e hāʻawi ana i ka mea laikini i ka manaʻo nui a me ka mana i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka mālama ʻana o [ka patent]."
Inā makemake ʻo UCLA e koho i ka ʻaoʻao o Pfizer i ka hakakā Xtandi, hiki iā ia ke hana i kēlā. Akā e hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka a pau he koho. Hiki i ke kula ke kuhikuhi maʻalahi i kāna mau kuleana "humanitarian" e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia i loko o kāna mau alakaʻi laikini ʻoihana, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻaelike i Kaleponi, ka US a me ka lāhui kanaka. Akā, ua koho ʻo ia e hoʻoikaika i kahi ʻoihana aliʻi a me nā kumu hoʻohālike. I ka hihia o Xtandi, ua uku kēia kumu hoʻohālike i ka waihona kālā o ke kula me ka $500 miliona ma ke ʻano o ka uku aliʻi.
"ʻIke ʻia, makemake ʻo UCLA e mālama i kāna mau pilina me nā hui no ka blockbuster nui e hiki mai ana i kūkulu ʻia ma ka pā kula," wahi a Reshma Ramachandran, he kauka noho ma ka UCLA-pili ʻia ʻo Los Angeles Medical Center a me kahi lālā o ka papa UAEM.
"Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia huahana ma kahi keʻena aupuni me nā kālā ʻauhau, a laila laikini ʻia i nā hui me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana no ka hiki. He mea weliweli ka ʻike ʻana i ka UCLA e hele hou aku ana e pale i ka hoʻokūkū maʻamau ma ʻaneʻi ma US a ma nā ʻāina e ulu nei.
ʻO ka huakaʻi a Xtandi mai kahi keʻena hana lehulehu i kahi hakakā patent ma hope o kahi ala maikaʻi. I ka makahiki 2005, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau holomua, ua laikini ʻo UCLA iā ia i kahi hui biotech, Medivation, i hui pū me kahi hui nui, ʻo Astellas Pharma, e lawe mai i ka mākeke. I ka ʻae ʻana o ka FDA iā Xtandi no ke kūʻai ʻana ma 2012, ua hōʻiliʻili koke nā hui i $2 biliona ma ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā papa ʻewalu a 12 mau mahina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā helu ʻeono.
ʻO ka loaʻa mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau—i hui pū ʻia me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi prostate ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa-ua huki i ka hoihoi o nā mea pāʻani nui a me Wall Street. Akā ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi hui lāʻau lapaʻau nui i nā piliona ma Medivation a me ka laikini Xtandi, ua kali lākou i ke aupuni US e hoʻopau i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e nā poʻe kānāwai Demokarata a me nā hui e loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e laikini i kahi mana generic. ʻAʻole kānalua kēia hopena, a ma Iune 2016, NIH hoole oihana he hāʻawi ʻia e Biolyse Pharmaceuticals e hana a kūʻai aku i nā mana generic o enzalutamide no ʻelima pakeneka o ke kumu kūʻai patent monopoly. Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻoholo, ua lanakila ʻo Pfizer i ke kaua bidding no Medivation, i loaʻa i ka hui no $ 14 biliona.
ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua mau nō ka "hoʻoweliweli" i nā waiwai o Xtandi honua. ʻO ka mea nui loa o kēia mau mea hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia ka mana nui o ka honua, ʻo kēlā "lāʻau lapaʻau o ka poʻe ʻilihune," ʻo India. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hōʻole ke Keʻena Patent India i ka hoʻāʻo mua ʻana o UCLA/Pfizer e ālai i ka hoʻokūkū maʻamau, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka "ʻike a me ka nele o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia." Ua hoʻonohonoho kēia i ke kahua no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o UCLA i kēia manawa i mua o ka ʻaha kiʻekiʻe o India, kahi i loaʻa ai i nā loio Pfizer ka mana o ka loio. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻo UCLA i kāna hoa kālepa i ka waiho ʻana, ua ʻae ke kula e hoʻokō maoli ana ia. he kaua koho ma ka aoao o Pfizer.
Ua pane aku ʻo UCLA i nā kelepona ulu e hoʻihoʻi i kāna hihia me kēlā squishiest o nā mea: ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi hui hana e aʻo i ka pilikia. ʻO kēia pūʻulu hana, wahi a ka hoʻokele, "e loiloi i kā mākou ala i ka laikini ʻenehana i nā ala e pōmaikaʻi ai iā Kaleponi, ka lāhui a me ka honua ulu."
Ke alakaʻi nei ia i kēia loiloi, miliona mau kāne me ka maʻi prostate hope loa e make ma mua o ko lākou pono. Noho ka hapa nui o kēia poʻe i nā ʻāina ulu e hilinaʻi nei ma India no nā generics kūpono. ʻOiai hiki i nā hui India he nui ke hoʻomaka e hana koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, paʻa lima lākou a hiki i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ʻōlelo a UCLA. I ke kauwela i hala aku nei, ua make ʻo Pino Cataldo i kahi mea maʻi maʻi ma Chile ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
"Ua ʻike ka David Geffen School of Medicine a me nā Regents o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi i nā hopena o kā lākou hana, no ka mea, ua haʻi ʻia lākou i nā manawa he nui," wahi a Jamie Love. "ʻAʻole lākou mālama wale."
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