[Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau paukū ma ʻO TomDispatch mai ko Eduardo Galeano Pōpeku i ka Lā a me ka Malu (Nation Books, Open Road Media ebooks).]
ʻO ke kahua pāʻani
Ua komo anei ʻoe i ke kahua pāʻani kaʻawale? E hoao. Kū i waenakonu o ke kula a hoʻolohe. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i nele ma mua o ke kahua pāʻani kaʻawale. ʻAʻohe mea ʻoi aku ka leo ʻole ma mua o ke kū ʻole o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi.
Ma Wembley, ke kani mau nei nā leo leo mai ka 1966 World Cup, i lanakila ai ʻo ʻEnelani, a inā ʻoe e hoʻolohe pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā leo leo mai ka makahiki 1953 i ka wā i hāʻule ai ʻo ʻEnelani i nā Hungarians. ʻO Montevideo's Centenario Stadium e kanikau me ka nostalgia no nā lā hanohano o ka pôpeku Uruguayan. Ke uē mau nei ʻo Maracanã no ka lanakila ʻana o Brazil i ka makahiki 1950 World Cup. Ma Bombonera ma Buenos Aires, ua paʻa nā pahu mai ka hapalua haneli aku nei. Mai ka hohonu o ke kahua pāʻani ʻo Azteca, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā oli hoʻolauleʻa o ka pāʻani kinipopo Mekiko kahiko. ʻO nā ʻūhā paʻa o Camp Nou ma Barcelona e ʻōlelo Catalan, a ʻo nā kū o San Mamés ma Bilbao e kamaʻilio ma Basque. Ma Milan, ua helu ka ʻuhane o Giuseppe Meazza i nā pahuhopu e hoʻoluliluli i ke kahua pāʻani e kapa ana i kona inoa. ʻO ka pāʻani hope loa o ka 1974 World Cup, lanakila ʻia e Kelemania, e pāʻani ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā a me kēlā me kēia pō ma ke kahua ʻOlumepika o Munich. ʻO King Fahd Stadium ma Saudi Arabia nā pahu marble a me ke gula a me nā kuʻi kāpeti, akā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka nui o nā mea e ʻōlelo ai.
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻEnelani
Ma waho o kahi hale pupule, ma kahi ʻāpana kaʻawale ma Buenos Aires, e kīkē ana kekahi mau keikikāne blond i ka pōleʻa.
“ʻO wai lākou?” i ninau aku ai kekahi keiki.
"He poe pupule," wahi a kona makuakane. “Hale Pelekāne pupule.”
Hoʻomanaʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Juan José de Soiza Reilly i kēia mai kona wā kamaliʻi. I ka wā mua, ua like ka pōpeku me he pāʻani kanaka pupule ma ka River Plate. Akā i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke aupuni, ua lilo ka soccer i mea kūʻai aku e like me ka Pelekane e like me ka lole Manchester, nā alahao, nā hōʻaiʻē mai Barings, a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana o ke kālepa manuahi. Ua hoea mai ma na wawae o na luina e paani ana ma na dika o Buenos Aires a me Montevideo, oiai na moku o ka Moi i hoolele i na lole, na kamaa, a me ka palaoa, a lawe i ka hulu hipa, ka ili, a me ka palaoa e hana hou i mau pakeke, kamaa, a me ka palaoa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO nā kamaʻāina Pelekane - nā diplomats, a me nā luna o nā hui kaʻaahi a me nā hui kinoea - i hoʻokumu i nā hui kūloko mua. Ua hoʻokumu ka ʻōlelo Pelekania o Montevideo a me Buenos Aires i ka hoʻokūkū honua mua loa o Uruguay i ka makahiki 1889, ma lalo o kahi kiʻi nui o Queen Victoria, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kona mau maka i loko o kahi huna hoʻowahāwahā. ʻO kekahi kiʻi ʻē aʻe o ke aliʻi wahine o nā kai i nānā i ka pāʻani pōpeku Brazil mua i ka makahiki 1895, i hoʻokani ʻia ma waena o nā poʻe Pelekania o ka Hui Gas a me ka São Paulo Railway.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi kahiko i kēia mau paionia i nā leo sepia. He poʻe koa lākou i aʻo ʻia no ke kaua. Ua uhi ʻia ko lākou mau kino holoʻokoʻa i ka pulupulu a me ka hulu hipa i mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai i nā lede e hele mai ana, ka mea i wehe i nā pālule kilika a me ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i nā hainaka lace. ʻO ka ʻiʻo wale nō i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea pāʻani, ʻo ko lākou mau helehelena koʻikoʻi e nānā mai ana ma hope o nā ʻumi ʻumi wiliwili ma lalo o nā pāpale a me nā pāpale. Ua kāmaʻa ko lākou mau wāwae me nā kāmaʻa Mansfield kaumaha.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻomaka ka pāʻani ʻana o nā keonimana hānau maoli o ke kaiāulu kūloko i kēlā pāʻani Pelekane pupule. Mai Lākana mai lākou i lawe mai ai i nā pālule, nā kāmaʻa, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae mānoanoa, a me nā pālule mai ka umauma a ma lalo o ke kuli. ʻAʻole hoʻohilahila hou nā pōleʻa i nā luna dute, ʻaʻole i ʻike mua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano. Ua lawe pu mai na moku i na buke rula i keia mau kapakai mamao o ka hema o Amerika, a me ia mau huaolelo i koe no na makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana: kahua, score, goal, goalkeeper, back, half, forward, out ball, penalty, offside. Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka "hōʻino" e ka "referee", akā hiki i ka mea pāʻani i hōʻeha ʻia ke ʻae i ke kala ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao i hewa "ʻoiai ʻo kāna kala ʻana i ʻoiaʻiʻo a hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania kūpono," e like me ka puke lula soccer mua i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka. Papa muliwai.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻōlelo Pelekane ʻē aʻe i loko o ka haʻiʻōlelo o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Latin ma ka Caribbean: pitcher, catcher, innings. I ka hāʻule ʻana ma lalo o ka mana o ʻAmelika, ua aʻo kēia mau ʻāina i ka pā ʻana i ka pōleʻa me ka ʻōpeʻe lāʻau poepoe. Ua hāpai nā Marines i nā ʻōpeʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o kā lākou mau pu raifela i ka wā i kau ai lākou i ke kauoha emepera ma ke koko a me ke ahi. Ua lilo ʻo Baseball no nā poʻe o ka Caribbean he aha ka soccer no mākou.
Kaua Choreographed
I ka pōpeku, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaua, ʻo 11 mau kāne i ka pōkole ka pahi kaua o ke kaiāulu, ke kūlanakauhale, a i ʻole ka lāhui. ʻO kēia mau koa me ka ʻole o nā mea kaua a me nā mea kaua e hoʻokuke aku i nā daimonio o ka lehulehu a hōʻoia hou i kona manaʻoʻiʻo: i kēlā me kēia hakakā ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ua hala nā inaina kahiko a me nā aloha kahiko mai ka makua kāne i ke keiki e komo i ke kaua.
Aia nā hale kiaʻi a me nā hae e like me ka hale kākela, a me kahi moat hohonu a ākea a puni ke kahua. Ma ka waena, kahi laina keʻokeʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāina i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia. Ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao e kū nā pahu hopu e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā pōpō lele. ʻO ka wahi i mua pono o nā pahu hopu i kapa ʻia ʻo "kahi pōʻino."
Ma ka pōʻai waena, hoʻololi nā kāpena i nā penikala a lulu lima e like me ke koi ʻana. Puhi ka luna hoʻokolokolo a hoʻomaka ka pōleʻa, kekahi makani kīkī hou. Hele ka poepoe i hope, pahele ka mea pâʻani a lawe ia ia no ka holo a hiki i ka wa e kuikui ai i ka wili a haule iho la me ka aeto. ʻAʻole ala ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia. I loko o ka nui o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua moe ka mea pāʻani i lalo i lalo. Mai ka nui o nā kū, hekili nā leo. Hoʻopuka ka ʻenemi i ka leo aloha:
“¡Que se muera!”
“Devi morire!”
“Tuez-le!”
“Mach ihn nieder!”
“E make ia!”
“Pepehi kanaka, Pepehi kanaka, Pepehi kanaka!”
ʻAʻole Kahe nā waimaka mai ka ʻili lima lima
ʻO ka soccer, ka metaphor no ke kaua, i kekahi manawa e lilo i kaua maoli. A laila ʻo ka "make koke" ʻaʻole ia he inoa no ke ala koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi pāʻani pili. I kēia mau lā, ua hele mai ka manaʻo pōpeku e noho i kahi i mālama ʻia ma mua no ka hoʻomana haipule, ke aloha ʻāina, a me ka makemake politika. E like me ka hana pinepine ʻana me ka hoʻomana, ke aloha ʻāina, a me ka politika, hiki i ka pōpeku ke hoʻopuehu i ka ʻāʻī, a nui nā mea weliweli i hana ʻia ma kona inoa.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi poʻe i loaʻa i ka daimonio o ka huʻa kinipōpō ma ka waha, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā kiʻi i kahi kiʻi pololei o ka peʻahi huhū. Akā ʻo ka poʻe huhū loa o ka poʻe hoʻohewa e ʻae ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hana ʻino ʻaʻole i puka mai i ka soccer, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waimaka e kahe ana mai kahi lima lima.
I ka makahiki 1969, ua hoʻomaka ke kaua ma waena o Honduras a me El Salvador, ʻelua mau ʻāina liʻiliʻi a ʻilihune loa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi keneturi i hōʻiliʻili i nā kumu e hilinaʻi ʻole ai kekahi i kekahi. Ua lawelawe mau kēlā me kēia ma ke ʻano he wehewehe kilokilo no nā pilikia o kekahi. ʻAʻohe hana a ko Hondurans? No ka mea, hele mai nā Salvadorans a lawe i kā lākou mau hana. Pololi ka poʻe Salvador? No ka mea, hana ino mai ko Hondurana ia lakou. Ua manaʻo nā ʻāina ʻelua ʻo ko lākou hoa noho ka ʻenemi, a ua hana nā aupuni dictator mau ʻole o kēlā me kēia i nā mea a pau e hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ka hewa.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaua ʻo ka Soccer War no ka mea, ua paʻi ʻia nā kukuna ahi i hoʻomaka i ke ahi ma nā kahua pāʻani o Tegucigalpa a me San Salvador. Ua hoʻomaka ka pilikia i ka wā hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū no ka 1970 World Cup. He mau hakaka, he mau eha, he mau make. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope mai, ua hoʻopau nā ʻāina ʻelua i ka pilina. Ua kipaku aku ʻo Honduras i hoʻokahi haneli kaukani Salvadoran poʻe mahiʻai i hana mau i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻohi o kēlā ʻāina; Ua hele nā moku Salvadoran i ka palena.
Hoʻokahi pule ke kaua a make ʻehā tausani kānaka. ʻO nā aupuni ʻelua, nā dictatorships i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi hale hana US i kapa ʻia ʻo School of the Americas, ua hoʻopuʻi i ke ahi o ka inaina. Ma Tegucigalpa ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo "Honduran, mai noho mālie, hopu i kahi lāʻau a me kahi pepehi Salvadoran." Ma San Salvador: "E aʻo i kēlā poʻe kamaʻāina i kahi haʻawina." ʻAʻole i lilo kahi kulu koko o nā haku ʻāina a me ke kaua, ʻoiai ʻelua mau kānaka kamaʻa ʻole i hoʻopaʻi i ko lākou pōʻino like ma ka pepehi ʻana i kekahi i kekahi me ka haʻalele.
Ka Hopena o ka Pauku
Huli ka poepoe, huli ka honua. Manaʻo ka poʻe he pōpō wela ka lā e hana ana i ka lā a pau a hoʻolilo i ka pō i ka pō a puni ka lani i ka wā e neʻe ai ka mahina, ʻoiai he kānalua ka ʻepekema. ʻAʻohe mea kānalua, akā naʻe, ua huli ka honua i kahi pōʻai wili: ua nānā ʻia ka hope o ka '94 World Cup e ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua piliona kānaka, ʻo ka lehulehu nui loa o nā mea he nui i ʻākoakoa i ka mōʻaukala o kēia honua. ʻO ka makemake nui loa ia: nui ka poʻe mahalo i ka pōleʻa e pāʻani pū me ia ma nā kula a me nā wahi hānai, a he nui ka poʻe he nui nā noho pahu i mua o ka TV a nahu i ko lākou mau kui i ke alualu ʻana o nā kāne he 22 i ka pōleʻa a kiki iā ia e hōʻoia i ko lākou. aloha.
I ka pau ʻana o ka '94 Cup, ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia keiki i hānau ʻia ma Brazil ʻo Romário, a ua kūʻai ʻia ka pā o ke kahua pāʻani ma Los Angeles e like me ka pizza, ma ka iwakālua kālā o ka ʻāpana. He wahi pupule i kūpono i ke kumu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi? ʻO kahi ʻoihana maʻamau a ʻino? He ʻeke hoʻopunipuni i hoʻopunipuni ʻia e nā mea nona? ʻO wau kekahi o ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia wale nō ka soccer, akā ʻoi aku ka nui: he ʻahaʻaina no nā maka e nānā ana a he hauʻoli no ke kino e pāʻani nei. Naʻe fehuʻi ʻe ha tokotaha talatala ʻi ha taimi ʻi he teolosia faka-Siamane ko Dorothee Sölle, “Ko e fēfē ke ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e fiefia ki ha tamasi?
"ʻAʻole au e wehewehe," wahi āna. "E kiola au iā ia i ka pōleʻa a hoʻokuʻu iā ia e pāʻani."
Hana ka pôpeku ʻoihana i nā mea a pau e hoʻolei i kēlā ikaika o ka hauʻoli, akā ola ia me nā ʻano ʻino a pau. A ʻo ia paha ke kumu e pau ʻole ai ka pōpeku i ka pīhoihoi. E like me kā kaʻu hoaaloha ʻo Ángel Ruocco i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa e pili ana iā ia - ʻo kona mana paʻakikī no ka pīhoihoi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka technocrats a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka manipulate, e hoʻomau ka soccer i ke ʻano o ka mea hiki ʻole. I kou manaʻo liʻiliʻi, hiki mai ka mea hiki ʻole, aʻo ka dwarf i ke kanaka pilikua i kahi haʻawina, a he kanaka ʻeleʻele runty, bowlegged ʻeleʻele e hoʻohenehene i ka mea hoʻokūkū i kālai ʻia ma Helene.
He hakahaka kamahaʻo: ʻaʻole mālama ka mōʻaukala kūhelu i ka pôpeku. ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻia nā kikokikona mōʻaukala o kēia wā, ʻoiai i ka hala ʻana, ma nā ʻāina kahi i noho ai ka soccer a hoʻomau i ka hōʻailona mua o ka ʻike hui. No laila ke pāʻani nei au: ʻo ke ʻano pāʻani he ala ia e hōʻike ai i ka ʻike kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia kaiāulu a hōʻoia i kona kuleana e ʻokoʻa. E haʻi mai iaʻu pehea ʻoe e pāʻani ai a e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe ʻo wai ʻoe. No nā makahiki he nui ua pāʻani ʻia ka pōpeku ma nā ʻano like ʻole, nā hōʻike kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia kanaka, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēlā ʻano like ʻole i koʻu manaʻo ʻoi aku ka pono i kēia lā ma mua o ka wā ma mua. ʻO kēia nā lā o ka hoʻohui like ʻana, i ka soccer a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like ka honua i nā manawa kūpono e hāʻawi ai a hoʻohālikelike i nā hana maʻamau. I kēia ao hope o ke kenekulia, ʻo ka mea e make ʻole i ka pōloli, make ia i ka luhi.
No nā makahiki, ua pilikia au i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pōpeku, a ua hoʻāʻo wau e kākau i kahi mea kūpono i kēia lehulehu pagan nui hiki ke ʻōlelo i nā ʻōlelo like ʻole a hoʻokuʻu i kēlā ʻano makemake honua. Ma ke kākau ʻana, e hana ana au me koʻu mau lima i ka mea hiki ʻole iaʻu ke hoʻokō me koʻu mau wāwae: iredeemable klutz, hilahila o nā kahua pāʻani, ʻaʻohe oʻu koho e nīnau i nā huaʻōlelo i ka mea aʻu i makemake nui ai i hōʻole mai iaʻu.
Mai kēlā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a mai kēlā pono i kalahala, hānau ʻia kēia puke. Hoʻohanohano i ka pōpeku, hoʻolauleʻa i kona mau kukui, hōʻino i kona mau aka. ʻAʻole au i ʻike inā ua lilo ia i ke ʻano o ka pōpeku i makemake ai, akā ʻike wau ua ulu ia i loko oʻu a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao hope, a i kēia manawa ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia nō ʻoe. A ke manaʻo nei au i ka melancholy hiki ʻole ke manaʻo mākou a pau ma hope o ke aloha ʻana a ma ka hopena o ka pāʻani.
ʻO Eduardo Galeano kekahi o nā mea kākau kaulana loa o Latin America. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o ka moʻolelo ʻekolu puke o ʻAmelika, Hoʻomanaʻo i ke ahi, a ʻo ka mea hou loa, he moʻolelo o ke kanaka, Nā hiʻohiʻona, a ʻo kekahi Na Keiki o na La: He Kalena no ka Moolelo Kanaka. ʻO ia ka mea i loaʻa i nā makana honua he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka makana Lannan mua no ka Cultural Freedom, ka makana Casa de las Américas, a me ka Makaʻāinana Distinguished Mua o ka ʻāina e nā ʻāina o Mercosur. Lawe ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana mai Pōpeku i ka Lā a me ka Malu, kāna puke 1997, unuhi ʻia e Mark Fried, a hōʻano hou ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā pāʻani Pōʻani Pōʻani Pōʻani a hiki i ka makahiki 2010.
Uaʻike muaʻia kēiaʻatikala ʻO TomDispatch.com, he weblog o ka Nation Institute, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahe mau o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā nūhou, a me nā manaʻo mai Tom Engelhardt, ka mea hoʻoponopono lōʻihi i ka paʻi ʻana, ka mea hoʻokumu o ka Papahana Aupuni ʻAmelika, Mea kākau o ka Ka hopena o ka lanakila, e like me ka moʻolelo, Na la hope o ka hoolaha ana. ʻO kāna puke hou loa ʻO ke ala kaua ʻAmelika: Pehea i lilo ai nā kaua a Bush iā Obama (Haymarket Books).
Pukaʻia mai Pōpeku i ka Lā a me ka Malu. Kuleana kope © 1997 na Eduardo Galeano a me Mark Fried, unuhi. Published in paperback by Nation Books, 2013. Published in ebook na Open Road Media, 2014; loaʻa ma nā wahi a pau e kūʻai ʻia ai nā ebook. Ma ka ʻae ʻia e Susan Bergholz Literary Services, New York City a me Lamy, New Mexico. Ua mālama ʻia nā kuleana āpau.
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