ʻO ka lōʻihi, i ka wā i hala aku nei, i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i kēia manawa i kahi mamao loa, ʻaʻole pilikia nā mea hoʻoweliweli a ʻo ka poʻe malihini ka pōʻino ʻeleʻele i koho ʻia, ʻoiai ma Pete Wilson Kaleponi. I ka makahiki 1994, ua koho ka poʻe Kaleponi i ke kānāwai Proposition 187, he ana e hōʻole ai i ka mālama ola kino a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā malihini i palapala ʻole ʻia, a holo pū kekahi poʻe demagogue a puni i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā pilikia pilikanaka a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ma luna o nā malihini, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka huhū i nā Latinos, inā paha lākou. ka poʻe malihini a i ʻole ka poʻe kamaʻāina i lanakila ko lākou mau kūpuna iā ʻAmelika ma ia wahi.
I ka makahiki 1998, ua koi aku ka poʻe anti-imigrand i ka Sierra Club e kau i kahi referendum no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka balota lālā makahiki. Ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana no nā hewa ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka lā, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka poʻe malihini no kā mākou pilikia kaiapuni. I ka wā i koho ai ka poʻe lālā o ka Hui i ke ana, ua ʻeha ka nui o ka poʻe i komo a ua ʻino ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni i nā maka o nā mea nānā. Ua ʻike ka 1990s i ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono kaiapuni, nāna i hoʻoponopono i ka racism kaiapuni - ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i ʻona ʻia e nā dumps a me nā incinerators, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni nui i ka politika lāhui e hūnā i loko o kāna mau mea ponoʻī. a me na manao.
Eia nō naʻe, he lōʻihi loa kēia mai ka politika o ka poʻe anti-migration activists e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopio i ka hui, me ʻekolu mau moho no ke koho balota ʻo Malaki e ʻimi nei e hoʻokumu i ka hapa nui me kekahi o nā lālā o ka papa i kēia manawa, a me nā ʻano like ʻole. nā hui ma waho - ʻo kekahi poʻe i maopopo racist a me keʻokeʻo-supremacist - e paipai ana i ko lākou mau lālā e komo i ka Hui a hoʻololi i ke koho balota. "Me ka kānalua ʻole, ʻo ka Sierra Club ke kumuhana o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻopio ʻana e nā pūʻali i hui pū ʻia me ... nā ʻano ʻēheu ʻākau ʻē aʻe," wahi a ka Southern Poverty Law Center ma kahi leka hoʻomaopopo. "Ke manaʻo nei lākou e hoʻohana i ka hilinaʻi o ka Club ma ke ʻano he uhi e holomua ai i kā lākou manaʻo extremist."
ʻO Frank Morris, ʻo David Pimentel lāua ʻo Richard Lamm nā mea ʻekolu, me nā loulou i ka hui anti-immigration Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America. He lālā lōʻihi nō hoʻi ʻo ke Kiaʻāina ʻo Colorado ʻo Lamm no ka Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), i loaʻa kālā mai ka pro-eugenics a me ka "race betterment" Pioneer Fund. ʻO Lamm, ka mea i kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka "kuleana o ka poʻe ʻelemakule e make," ua hana ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo e like me, "ʻO ka wikiwiki o nā pōkā ahi ma ke komohana hema, a ʻo ka hoʻopuni ʻana ʻekolu mahina o ke kaona ʻo San Diego i ka makahiki 1998 ua alakaʻi ʻia e ka lua- hanauna Hispanics, nā keiki a nā malihini. (Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei kekahi inā e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia a i ʻole kekahi mea hana anti-immigration ʻo ke kumu o ka inoa ʻo Sierra Club he hapa Paniolo no ka mea ʻo Kaleponi he ʻāina ʻo Mekiko.)
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi wahi homogenous i hoʻopiha ʻia e nā mea hoʻopilikia a luku ʻia he kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Sierra Club ma lalo o ka hoʻopuni ʻana ma mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana. Ua paipai nā hui o waho e like me ka National Immigration Alert List i ko lākou mau lālā e hui pū me ka Club e koi aku iā ia e kākoʻo i kahi hihia i hōʻole ʻia i ʻeono makahiki ma mua a no laila hiki ke hoʻololi mau i kona ʻano a me kona kiʻi; Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā moho no kahi noho ma ka papa o ka Club he mau lālā lōʻihi lākou, akā ʻo kēia mau mea ʻekolu i waho i lilo i mau lālā no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka mea like ʻole o ka lawe ʻana i ka hui. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā huhū ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻopiʻi lākou, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia, he hoʻopiʻi kūʻē i ka Club a me kona pelekikena o kēia manawa, e ʻimi ana i kahi kauoha e pale ai i ka hui, ka papa, a me nā moho papa ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kā lākou papahana. Ua kākau ka pelekikena o ka papa o kēia manawa ʻo Larry Fahn "ua hoʻolimalima ka loio no Lamm, Morris a me Pimentel i kahi ʻoihana pili aupuni kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi ka American Chemical Council) e hoʻāʻo i kā lākou hihia ma ka media." He umikumamakolu na Peresidena i hala iho nei o ka Hui i puka mai e kue i ka hookahuli aupuni; ʻO ka ʻumikūmākahi o lākou i hoʻopuka i kahi ʻōlelo e pili ana i kēia mau ʻōlelo: "ʻO ka makemake o kēia poʻe waho e hopu i ka hapa nui o nā noho i mea e neʻe ai i kā lākou papahana pilikino, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makemake a me ka ʻike o nā lālā a me nā kākoʻo o ka Sierra Club, e hoʻohana i ke kālā a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe o ka Hui i kēlā mau hopena…. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka pilikia e kū nei i ka Club a hiki ke make, e luku ana i ka ʻike o John Muir, a me nā hana a me nā haʻawina o nā haneli haneli o nā mea hana manawaleʻa i kūkulu i kēia hui. " (ʻOiaʻiʻo, he ʻano racist ʻo Scottish immigrant Muir - ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kekahi mau mea kupanaha e pili ana i nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - akā he moʻolelo ʻē aʻe kēlā, a me ke au.)
Ua kākau mua ka nui o ka poʻe hema i ka Sierra Club he 112 makahiki, a ʻoiai ua manaʻo wau i kekahi manawa ʻo kāna huaʻōlelo ʻo Earth First "No compromise in the defense of Mother Earth" me ka ʻole o ka ʻAʻole. no nā makahiki he nui: ʻo ke poʻokela o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni e pili ana i nā mea a pau mai ka ʻoki ʻoki a me ka hoʻomehana honua i nā ʻano mea ʻino a me ka haumia wai. Inā hōʻole ʻia a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, pēlā nō ka nui o ka neʻe. A me he mea lā he mea liʻiliʻi a pili ʻole paha ka pahuhopu o kēia poʻe anti-migration i ka pale o ke kaiapuni. Ma hope o nā loulou āpau ma waena o ka neʻe ʻana a me nā pilikia kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
I ka makahiki 1990, ua kamaʻilio mau ʻia ka palena me he mea lā he ʻano ʻāina maoli, kahi ʻokoʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ke Akua. Ua ulu au me kahi kiʻi akaka o ka Pahu Hao, no ka mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia me he mea lā e like me ke ʻano o ka pā o Berlin. Akā, ua hana ʻia ka Pā o Berlin me ke kaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka Pākū Hao me ka metala, ʻoiai ʻo ka hihiʻo o ka pā makani ʻino kotinental i loaʻa iaʻu. E like me ka palena ʻo US-Mexican, he manaʻo politika i hoʻokō ʻia e nā ʻano hale like ʻole, nā ʻenehana, a me nā poʻe me nā pū. I ka makahiki 1998, ua noho au i mau pule ma ka palena o Texas. Ma laila, he muliwai ka palena, ʻo Rio Grande, a ma laila wau i ʻike ai i ka nui o nā manaʻo he moʻolelo. I ka lana ʻana o kā mākou waʻa i lalo, ʻo Mekiko ka ākea ākea ma ka ʻākau, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele ma ka hema, a ʻo ka hele ʻana i nā manu mele a me nā pipi me he mea lā ʻaʻohe manaʻo i ka manaʻo he ʻelua ʻāina maoli ka wao nahele ʻo Chihuahuan. ʻO nā toxins mai ka mahiʻaiʻAmelika a me Juarez maquilladoras hui like ʻole ʻia i loko o ka muliwai lohi, ʻeleʻele, e like me ke ola o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i hui pū ʻia a mohala ma kona kapa. ʻAʻole ia he palena akā he oasis. ʻAʻole ʻo Berlin Wall, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he ale a he cactus wren.
ʻAʻole loaʻa nā palena ma ke ʻano. Ua aʻo au i ka lua o ka manawa ma ka ʻākau o Kanada, kahi i hui ai ʻo British Columbia me nā Teritori Northwest. E kaʻahele hou ana au ma ka waʻa, a ʻo ke kanaka ornithologist me mākou e ala aʻe i ka wanaʻao e ʻike, hoʻopaʻa, a hoʻokuʻu i nā manu mele āna i hopu ai i kāna ʻupena noe. Makemake ʻo ia e kuhikuhi i ka nui o lākou i hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a no laila pono nā hana hoʻomalu e lilo i transnational. ʻAʻole kaʻawale ka wao nahele mamao loa o Kanada; ua nakinaki loa ia i na aina hooluu.
ʻAʻole loaʻa nā palena ma ke ʻano, akā hiki ke hana ʻia. Ma San Diego a me Tijuana ma hope koke iho o ke ahi ʻino ʻana o ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki i hala, ua kuhikuhi mai nā hoaaloha iaʻu i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi bioregion ma muli o nā hana kanaka ʻokoʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao Baja, ʻaʻole i loaʻa maoli nā kumuwaiwai e kinai i ke ahi; ʻaʻole i hoʻopau nui ʻia ka pōʻai ahi; a no laila, ʻaʻole i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ukana wahie nui e hoʻopau ai a puni San Diego. Ma waho aʻe o ka makemake o ka poʻe Mekiko i ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi mamao mai ko lākou mau hoa. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole wale ka loaʻa ʻole o ia mau ahi pōʻino akā ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hale ma nā canyons a ma luna o nā mauna e pono ai ka poʻe kinai ahi e hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou ola a hoʻopau ka mokuʻāina i kāna mau kālā emi.
ʻAʻole kēia wale nō kahi i mālama maikaʻi ʻia ai ka kaiaola ma ka hema o ka palena ma mua o ka ʻākau. E noʻonoʻo i ka hihia o ka pronghorn Sonoran kokoke i ka make. He ʻumi paha ka nui o ka poʻe e ola ana ma ka ʻaoʻao Sonora, ʻoiai ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Arizona, ua paʻa loa lākou i ka Barry Goldwater Bombing Range - ʻaʻole kahi noho olakino maikaʻi loa no nā kāne hope loa o kā lākou ʻano ma US aʻu i huakaʻi ai i laila. ma waena o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā mea kaua ola a me ke kani ʻana o nā hana hoʻokūkū mamao.
E kūleʻa wale ana ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka Sierra Club inā hoʻohuli ka poʻe komohewa i ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo hou e hōʻailona ana ka palena i kahi kaʻawale kaiapuni a ʻo ka US, a i ʻole he wahi kaʻawale. ʻO ka manaʻo manaʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, maikaʻi ʻole ka poʻe malihini i ke kaiapuni, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono hou i kēlā mau ʻano ʻelua. ʻO kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku ʻaʻole pono mākou i ke kōkua no ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni. Hoʻopau ʻo ʻAmelika i nā kumuwaiwai o ka honua i ka hapa nui o kāna pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, a ʻo ka hapa nui o mākou e hana ʻoi aku ka manawa e hana i kā mākou wahi no ka hoʻomehana honua. (Ua loaʻa koʻu makuahine i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa like i ka manawa hope loa i hoʻopilikia ai ka pilikia o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai o Sierra Club a hoʻōho mai iaʻu, "Akā pehea inā e hele mai lākou a noho e like me mākou?" Noho mākou ma ʻaneʻi a ola e like me mākou?”) Inā mālama ʻoe i ke kaiapuni, aia kekahi mau pilikia pili pono āu e koho ai e lawe ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana. Inā mālama ʻoe i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kaiapuni kahi pōhaku paʻa o ka maikaʻi maʻamau, a i ʻole ka liberalism, hiki iā ʻoe ke peʻe ma hope.
ʻO ka poʻe malihini ʻilihune ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo ʻo lākou ka pahuhopu maoli o kēia hoʻolaha e kūkulu a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēlā mau hale nui ma nā wahi mamao a ʻoki i nā mauʻu a hoʻopiha i nā kaʻa hau, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana iā lākou, a i ʻole e hoʻoholo i ka wehe ʻana i ka papa inoa. he mea make, a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ka papahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe Superfund, a i ʻole nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa. (Ke koho nei mākou i nā kānaka e hana pēlā, ʻoiaʻiʻo.) ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻo ka sprawl a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ka mea e hoʻoweliweli koke ʻia ai ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, a laila, ʻo ka poʻe malihini hou e noho frugally, densely, a hilinaʻi i nā kaʻa lehulehu, he pāpā ia i ka suburbanite nui ma ka US.
ʻO ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika mai ka honua e like me ka māla paʻa i loko o kahi slum e nānā ana i nā hanana o nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kuleana o ko mākou ʻāina, me nā mea hana e like me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ka World Bank, i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kēlā mau lāhui ʻē aʻe. , a i ʻole ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou kīhāpai a iā mākou pū kekahi. I kekahi manawa ʻo ka luku ʻana i kā lākou māla i hoʻonoho iā lākou ma ke ala o ka poʻe malihini ma kahi mua - ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ka hihia me nā mahiʻai Mekiko i banekorupa ʻia e NAFTA. He mea weliweli nō hoʻi, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā māla ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua i ka wā i pili loa ai me nā neʻe racist, nativist, a me eugenicist. Ma hope o nā paka aupuni mua a me nā wahi wao nahele ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona - ua lawa ia e hoʻopakele i nā wahi nani loa a me ka biotically lush wahi, he mau kakini a i ʻole haneli mau mile kuea i ka manawa.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻāpana e hōʻike mau ana ua mākaukau ke koena o ke kaiapuni no ka hopu ʻana, a i ka makahiki 1960 ua hana pololei ka papahana kumu o Sierra Club. Ua hakakā lākou i kahi mea hoʻokele nukelea ma Kaleponi ʻo Nipomo Dunes akā ua ʻae lākou he maikaʻi ke kau ʻana i kekahi ma Diablo Canyon; ʻO ka poʻe hoʻoikaika hui e like me David Brower i mihi nui i ko lākou mālama ʻana i ka Monument National Dinosaur o Utah mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā Glen Canyon Dam e hele i mua. I kēia manawa, kūʻē ka hapa nui o ka poʻe kaiapuni i nā dams nui a me ka mana nuklea, no laila e pili ana nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ke kulekele, ʻaʻole wale ka palapala honua.
I kēlā manawa, ua lawe mai ʻo Rachel Carson iā mākou i ka nūhou maikaʻi e pili ana i nā lāʻau pesticides - ʻaʻole lākou i noho i loko o ke kaiapuni i loko o nā wahi hihiu a i loko o ko mākou kino ponoʻī, a me ia mea ua hoʻomaka e maopopo e hiki iā ʻoe ke ' t pale wale i na wahi. Pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā hana; pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻōnaehana; Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā, ma ka aphorism kaulana a John Muir, "Ke hoʻāʻo mākou e koho i kekahi mea ma o ia iho, ʻike mākou ua pili ia i nā mea āpau o ke ao holoʻokoʻa." I kāna ʻōlelo ʻana pēlā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻia e nā manu kai i waenakonu o ka Moana Pākīpika a i ʻole nā bea polar ma kahi mamao aku o ka honua ʻoihana e lilo i hermaphroditic mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā kemika, akā hiki iā mākou.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ke kaiapuni i kēia mau lā, mai ka mea a mākou e ʻai ai i kahi e pau ai kā mākou kemika. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana, inā ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana o kahi kamaʻilio nui e pili ana i ka ʻai, ka hānau hānau, nā kuleana hānau, ka mahiʻai, nā kulekele hoʻokele waiwai honua a me ke kālepa, sprawl, a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia kekahi o ia mau pilikia. Me he mea lā he ʻahuʻula maikaʻi ka environmentalism kahi e hoʻāʻo ai ka poʻe anti-immigration e uhi iā lākou iho. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana iā lākou me ka ʻōlohelohe.
No ka mea makemake e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ke koho balota ʻana i kēia koho balota ʻo Sierra Club, Bus maanei.
He lua o ka hanauna ʻAmelika, ʻo Rebecca Solnit ka mea kākau o kekahi mau puke, me ka National Book Critics Circle award-winning. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge a me ka Technological Wild West a ʻO nā moeʻuhane ʻino: He huakaʻi i nā kaua ʻāina o ke Komohana ʻAmelika, e pili ana i ka holoi ʻia ʻana e ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni i nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika mai ka ʻike kūlohelohe ʻAmelika.
Kuleana kope C2004 Rebecca Solnit
[Ua puka mua kēia ʻatikala ma ʻO Tomdispatch.com, he weblog o ka Nation Institute, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahe mau o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā nūhou, a me nā manaʻo mai Tom Engelhardt, ka mea hoʻoponopono lōʻihi i ka paʻi ʻana a me ka mea kākau o Ka hopena o ka lanakila a Na la hope o ka hoolaha ana.]
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