Hiki paha e haʻi aku inā he lawehala kekahi ma ka nānā wale ʻana i ko lākou helehelena a i ʻole ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ke kani o ko lākou leo? He mea hoʻomāʻewaʻewa paha ka manaʻo, e like me kahi mea i waho o ka moʻolelo ʻepekema - ʻike ʻo Big Brother i "1984" i kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻike ʻole "i lawe pū me ia i ka manaʻo o ka abnormality" - akā naʻe, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau hui e pane i kēia nīnau ma ka ʻae. ʻO AC Global Risk, kahi hoʻomaka i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2016, ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hiki ke hoʻoholo i kāu kiʻekiʻe o ka "pilikia" ma ke ʻano he limahana a i ʻole kahi ʻimi asylum e pili ana ʻaʻole i kāu ʻōlelo, akā pehea ʻoe e ʻōlelo ai.
Hāʻawi ka hui ʻo Kaleponi i kahi ʻōnaehana screening automated i ʻike ʻia he Remote Risk Assessment, a i ʻole RRA. Eia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana: Kōkua nā mea kūʻai aku o AC Global Risk i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā nīnau nīnau ninaninau ʻae-a-ʻole. ʻO ka hui o ka poʻe i koho ʻia no kahi kānana i hāʻawi ʻia a laila e pane i kēia mau nīnau maʻalahi ma kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻōiwi i ka wā ninaninau he 10 mau minuke hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia ma ke kelepona. A laila ana ka RRA i nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou leo e hana i kahi hōʻike loiloi e helu ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka ma kahi kikoʻī mai ka haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa iā CEO Alex Martin mai la hiki i ka ʻikepili pilikino waiwai o ka ʻoihana ke "hoʻololi mau loa no ka maikaʻi o ke ana ʻana o ka pilikia kanaka."
AC Global Risk, e kaena ana ka hui kuka o Robert Gates, Condoleezza Rice, a me Stephen Hadley ma kona papa kuhikuhi, ua nā ʻaelike hoʻolaha me ka US Special Operations Command ma Afghanistan, ka Ugandan Wildlife Authority, a me nā hui palekana ma Palantir, Apple, Facebook, a me Google, a me kekahi. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka nānā ʻana i ka pilikia ma kēia mau mākeke a me nā mākeke ʻē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Martin, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia he "pololei loa, scalable, kumu kūʻai, a hiki ke hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo AC Global Risk e hiki i kāna ʻōnaehana RRA ke hana i nā haneli o nā kānaka ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. I kēia manawa, i ka pane ʻana i ke kāhea ʻana o ka Pelekikena Donald Trump no ka "hoʻopaʻapaʻa koʻikoʻi" o nā malihini, ua loaʻa ka ʻoihana. hoʻokū iā ia iho ʻo ia ka hopena hope loa no ka "pilikia nui o ka poʻe mahuka e ʻike nei ʻo US a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe."
He manaʻo ia me he mea la e hoʻopiʻi i ka US Department of Homeland Security. Ua hoʻolako kālā ka DHS i ka noiʻi e hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana AI like no ka palena. ʻO ka papahana, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻAgent Virtual Automated no nā loiloi ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa maoli, a i ʻole AVATAR, ua hoʻohana i ka naʻauao akamai e ana i nā loli i ka leo, ke kūlana, a me nā ʻano helehelena o ka poʻe huakaʻi i mea e hōʻailona ai i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo a i ʻole he pilikia paha. I ka makahiki 2012 ia ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e nā mea manawaleʻa ma ka palena ʻo U.S.-Mexico. Ua kākoʻo kālā ka European Union i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana e hōʻemi ai “ke kaumaha o ka hana a me nā hewa kumuhana i hana ʻia e nā mea hana kanaka. "
ʻO kekahi o nā loea koʻikoʻi i ka loiloi leo, algorithmic bias, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini e ʻike i ke ʻano e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua polygraph digital e pilikia ana, e kuhikuhi ana i ka hana hewa o nā hui e like me AC Global Risk. "Aia kekahi ʻike i nā loli ikaika i ka leo a ke ʻike nei lākou. He kūpono loa kēia, "i wehewehe ai ʻo Alex Todorov, he psychologist ʻo Princeton University e aʻo nei i ka ʻepekema o ka ʻike pili kanaka a me nā manaʻo mua. "Akā ʻo ka nīnau, pehea ka maopopo ʻole o kēia ʻike i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka poʻe a lākou i wehewehe ai he pilikia? Aia mau ka pohihihi i kēia mau ʻano hōʻailona.
I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kau ka 'AhuiʻAi Moku LāhuiʻAmelika a kekahi Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hopu nā ʻelele Border Patrol i nā kānaka mai nā kaʻa kaʻa Greyhound ma muli o ko lākou helehelena a i ʻole ka leo. No ka mea, ua hoʻohana mua nā ʻelele Customs and Border Protection i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana o kekahi ma ke ʻano he kumu e ʻimi ai i nā poʻe ma ka palena palena 100 mile, a i ʻole e hōʻole i ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe i ka US, hopohopo ka poʻe loea e hiki i ka polokalamu ʻike leo leo ke hana i kēlā mau manaʻo maʻamau. , palahalaha, a me he mea la he "pahuhopu."
Ua hōʻole ʻo AC Global Risk e pane i nā noi pinepine no ka manaʻo no kēia ʻatikala. ʻAʻole i pane ka hui i kahi papa inoa o nā nīnau kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenehana. Ma nā hiʻohiʻona lehulehu, akā, ua loaʻa iā Martin koi i hiki i nā kaʻina hana kālailai waiwai o ka hui ke hoʻoholo i ka pae pilikia o kekahi me ka pololei ma mua o 97 pakeneka. (Aia naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo AVATAR i ka helu pololei ma waena o 60 a me 70 pakeneka.) Ua hoʻohana kekahi mau loea ʻike leo alakaʻi i nānā i nā mea i loaʻa ākea a AC Global Risk no The Intercept i ka huaʻōlelo "bullshit" a i ʻole "bogus" e wehewehe i nā koi a ka hui. "Mai kahi manaʻo kūpono, he mea kānalua a malu ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka manaʻo e hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻopunipuni mai ka leo wale nō me ka pololei," wahi a Björn Schuller, he kaukaʻi ma ke Kulanui o Augsburg nāna i alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana kula nui. hanana hoʻokūkū e holomua i ke kūlana o ke akamai i ka ʻike ʻana i ka naʻau leo. "ʻO ka mea e ʻōlelo hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēia, pono lākou e ʻike ʻia he pilikia."
ʻOihana ʻo ka pilikia
Ua kāhea ʻo Trump's Extreme Vetting Initiative i nā polokalamu e hiki ke "hoʻoholo a loiloi i ka hiki o ka mea noi ke lilo i lālā kōkua maikaʻi o ke kaiāulu" a wānana "inā manaʻo ka mea noi e hana hewa a hana hoʻoweliweli paha ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa," e like me The Intercept hoike i ke kauwela hope loa. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo AC Global Risk iā ia iho i mea hana kūpono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia hana, mōhai e loiloi i "ka pae pilikia o nā poʻe me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, e like me nā mea mahuka a me nā mea noi visa." ʻO ka DHS, wahi a ka hui, e hoʻoholo pehea e hana ai i nā hopena o kēlā mau hōʻike. "Me nā pae ʻehā e hana pū me (haʻahaʻa, awelika, hiki, a kiʻekiʻe) ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻokumu i nā protocols Department e like me ka pae pilikia," ka hui. olelo ma kāna blog.
ʻAʻole mea hou nā loiloi pilikia iā lākou iho. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā algorithms ma kokoke i kēlā me kēia pae ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono karaima, mai ka mākaʻi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana a me ka parola. ʻAʻole i nele ka hiki ʻana mai o ia mau ʻano hana hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Ua hoʻohewa ʻia ka nui o kēia mau mea hana automated no kā lākou opopaity, hūnā, a ʻike. I nā hihia he nui, ʻaʻole mākaukau nā luna, nā ʻaha, a me ka lehulehu - a i ʻole ʻaeʻia - e nīnau i kā lākou mau manaʻo kumu, nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a i ʻole nā hopena. ʻO ka mea nui ma waena o nā hopohopo o ka poʻe loea kānalua ʻo ka aura pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi uhi kūpono no hoʻokae.
Hāʻawi ʻo AC Global Risk i nā kikoʻī lehulehu e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o kāna ʻenehana. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā pepa keʻokeʻo e kākoʻo ana i kāna mau koi noiʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻokuʻu i nā moʻopuna ʻepekema o kāna mau mea noiʻi. ʻAʻole i pane ka hui i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā ʻano maikaʻi (pitch, speed, inflection) a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ana huahana. "E like me ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi pilikia i nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻoponopono kalaima, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mea hana a kēia hui," wahi a Suresh Venkatasubramanian, he ʻepekema kamepiula ma ke Kulanui o Utah e kālele ana i ka pono algorithmic.
Inā kūpono kekahi o nā koi a AC Global Risk no kāna ʻenehana, e hōʻike lākou i ka ʻoki ʻoki o ka mea a nā mea noiʻi e manaʻo ai he hiki ke hana. ʻike pono mai ka leo kanaka. Hiki ke maikaʻi nā loiloi leo ma ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana i ka ʻike demographic. He laulā paha kēia ʻike - e like me ka makahiki, ke kāne, a i ʻole ka dialect o kekahi - akā hiki ke pilikino ponoʻī nō hoʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina i hele mai ai kekahi, a me nā pilikia olakino e loaʻa iā lākou.
ʻO ka mahina i hala aku nei, ʻo Amazon i hoʻopukaʻia he patent e hiki ai i kāna kōkua virtual Alexa ke hoʻoholo i nā hiʻohiʻona leo o nā mea hoʻohana, me ka ʻōlelo, ka leo, ke kāne, a me ka makahiki. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i nā manaʻo mai ka leo, ʻo ka pololei ka mea e hopohopo nui ai. ʻO Schuller, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu audEERING, he hui loiloi leo, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi i kēia manawa inā he wahaheʻe kekahi (inā ʻo ka wahaheʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka hui no ka pilikia) mai ka leo ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 pakeneka o ka pololei, ʻo ia ka mea e like me he hooponopono kanaka awelika.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Schuller e hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻona, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a me ka hoʻopunipuni, akā eia hou, ua like ka nui o ka kūleʻa me ka awelika o ke kanaka. "Me ka lepili paʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hahau i ke kanaka i kekahi manawa, akā inā ʻōlelo kekahi mea i ka hewa ʻole, pono e lawe ʻia me ka paʻakai," wahi āna.
ʻO ka mea nui i ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono o nā koi a AC Global Risks ka mea i kūpono ma lalo o ka lepili amorphous o ka pilikia a ʻo wai ka mea e wehewehe ai. "Ke wehewehe nei lākou i ka pilikia e like me ka ʻike ponoʻī, me he mea lā he ʻano honua ia," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Joseph Pugliese, he mea hoʻonaʻauao Australian nona kāna hana e pili ana i ka hoʻokae biometric. "Ke manaʻo nei ua ʻike mua ka poʻe i ke ʻano o ka pilikia, ʻoiai ʻo ka nīnau o ka mea nāna e wehewehe i nā ʻāpana o ka pilikia a me nā mea e pili ana i ka politika."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo CEO Alex Martin e ʻimi "no ka pilikia maoli ma ka continuum i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka." Akā naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka pilikia he ʻano kanaka maoli a hiki ke heluhelu ʻia - a hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano mai ka leo wale nō - aia ma luna o nā kuhi hewa, wehewehe ʻo Todorov, ka psychologist Princeton. ʻO ko mākou hiki ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o ka poʻe a me kā mākou ʻike ʻana iā lākou he pilikia paʻakikī loa ia i ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini, hoʻomau ʻo Todorov. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka manaʻo kuhihewa e ka hoʻonohonoho loiloi. "Aia ka poʻe ma ka palena i nā kūlana piha a hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia," wahi a Pugliese. "Pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokō i kahi ala maʻamau?"
He Physiognomy Hou?
ʻO AC Global Risk kahi ʻāpana o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoihana e hana nei i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i nā hiki o kā lākou polokalamu loiloi behavioral. Paipai ʻia e ka mākaʻikaʻi o ka naʻauao artificial, nui nā mea kūʻai aku biometrics a me nā hui AI i kūʻai aku i nā ʻoihana a me nā aupuni i ka hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā ʻano pilikino holoʻokoʻa mai ko mākou helehelena, nā neʻe, a me nā leo. He mea kūʻai biometrics ma ka 2014 Winter Olympics ma Rusia, no ka laʻana, nānā ʻia ʻO nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe i hele mai e hāʻawi i ka ʻoihana palekana o ka ʻāina, ka FSB, i ka hiki ke "ʻike i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia akā ʻo kona ʻano noʻonoʻo e hōʻailona ana i kahi hoʻoweliweli kokoke."
ʻO kekahi poʻe loea kānalua e aʻo ana iā AI a me nā ʻano kanaka i hana i kēia mau mea hana ma ke ʻano o ka ulu hou ʻana o ka hoihoi i ka physiognomy, ka hana o ka nānā ʻana i ke kino no nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano pono a me ka manaʻo hewa. I ka waena o ke kenekulia 19, ʻo ke ana pololei ʻana o Cesare Lombroso i nā iwi poʻo a me nā hiʻohiʻona maka o "nā lawehala i hānau ʻia" ua hāʻawi i kahi ʻepekema ʻepekema i kēia hana wehewehe. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā anthropologists hewa e like me Lombroso ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka lepo lepo o ka ʻepekema junk pōʻino, ua mau ka makemake e hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o ke kanaka a i ʻole nā manaʻo huna mai nā hiʻohiʻona kino a me nā ʻano.
Ma lalo o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o AC Global Risk a me nā ʻoihana like, wahi a Pugliese, he manaʻo e hiki i nā correlations o nā ʻikepili nui ke hoʻopuni i ke ʻano ʻepekema. He mea pilikia loa kēia mau noi "physiognomic", wehewehe ʻo ia, no ka mea, ua hoʻolālā maoli ʻia nā algorithm aʻo mīkini e ʻike i nā ʻano haʻahaʻa (inā he "ʻoiaʻiʻo" kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona) i waena o ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia. "Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou e hoʻāʻo nei lākou no ka pilikia, aia kahi manaʻo ponoʻī he kūʻai kūʻai ko lākou ma nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka 'manaʻo hewa'" wahi a Pugliese. "Akā ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i nā hōʻailona maoli e lilo i kēia mau wānana lawehala."
Akā naʻe, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i nā wahi pseudoscientific o kēia ʻenehana ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻoihana a me nā aupuni. ʻO ka mana o kēia mau ʻenehana - e like me ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana wānana a me ka pilikia - hilinaʻi nui i kā lākou ʻōlelo hoʻohiki no ka pono a me ka wikiwiki. "ʻO kā lākou koi koʻikoʻi ʻo ka pono, e wikiwiki ana i nā mea, a ma ia ʻano, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hana ia," wehewehe ʻo Venkatasubramanian. Inā kōkua a hōʻino paha kēlā ʻano hana i ke ola o ka poʻe e hālāwai me kēia mau ʻōnaehana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻaoʻao. E ʻike ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka Remote Risk Assessment i ka wā e hana ai nā kānaka i kāna mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. E like me kā Todorov i kākau ai i loko o kahi ʻatikala me ʻelua mau loea aʻo mīkini e haʻi i kā lākou hopohopo e pili ana i kēia laulā au: "Ma ka manaʻo a ʻaʻole paha, hiki i kēia 'laundering' o ka manaʻo hoʻokae kanaka ma o nā algorithms kamepiula hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i kēlā mau manaʻo e ʻike pono ʻia."
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