Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi wau ua hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he mana hegemonic ma kahi o ka makahiki 1970, a ua lilo ka emi ʻana o ka emi ʻana i mea hoʻokahe i ka wā o ka pelekikena o George W. Bush. Ua hoʻomaka wau e kākau e pili ana i kēia ma 1980 a i ʻole. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka pane ʻana i kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa, mai nā kahua kālaiʻāina a pau, ʻo ia ka hōʻole ʻana he mea lapuwale. I nā makahiki 1990, ʻokoʻa loa, ua manaʻo nui ʻia, ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau o ke ʻano politika, ua hōʻea ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mana unipolar.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka poha pohu o 2008, ua hoʻomaka e loli ka manaʻo o nā poʻe kālai'āina, pundits a me ka lehulehu. I kēia lā, ʻae ka hapa nui o ka poʻe (ʻaʻole naʻe nā mea āpau) i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka emi ʻana o ka mana, hanohano a me ka mana o US. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻae ʻia kēia me ka makemake ʻole. Hoʻokūkū ka poʻe kālai'āina a me ka poʻe loea i ka ʻōlelo ʻana pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia emi ʻana. Manaʻo wau he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli.

ʻO ka nīnau maoli he aha ka hopena o kēia hāʻule. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hiki ʻana o ʻAmelika e hoʻomalu i ke kūlana honua, a ʻo ka nalowale ʻana o ka hilinaʻi e nā hoa pili kokoke loa o ʻAmelika i kāna hana. I ka mahina i hala iho nei, ma muli o nā hōʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Edward Snowden, ua lilo ia i mea ʻike lehulehu e kiu pololei ana ka US National Security Agency (NSA) i ke alakaʻi politika kiʻekiʻe o Kelemania, Farani, Mexico a me Brazil ma waena o kekahi. , ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā kamaʻāina lehulehu o kēia mau ʻāina).

Ua maopopo iaʻu ua hana ʻo ʻAmelika i nā hana like i ka makahiki 1950. Akā i ka makahiki 1950, ʻaʻohe o kēia mau ʻāina i ʻaʻa e hana i kahi hōʻino lehulehu i ko lākou huhū, a koi aku e hoʻōki ʻo ʻAmelika i kēia hana. Inā lākou e hana i kēia lā, no ka mea i kēia lā e pono ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o ko lākou pono ʻana iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua ʻike kēia mau alakaʻi i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe koho o ʻAmelika ma mua o ka hoʻohiki ʻana, e like me kā Pelekikena Baraka i hana ai, e hoʻopau i kēia mau hana (ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa). A ua ʻike nā alakaʻi o kēia mau ʻāina ʻehā, e hoʻoikaika ʻia ko lākou kūlana kūloko, ʻaʻole e nāwaliwali, ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ihu o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

I ka wā e kūkākūkā ai ka pāpāho i ka emi ʻana o ʻAmelika, ua kau ʻia ka manaʻo nui ma Kina ma ke ʻano he hegemon hope. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia i ka manaʻo. ʻO Kina kahi ʻāina e ulu nei i ka ikaika geopolitical. Akā ʻo ke komo ʻana i ka hana o ka mana hegemonic he hana lōʻihi a paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he hapalua keneturi ʻē aʻe no kēlā me kēia ʻāina e hiki i ke kūlana kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka mana hegemonic. A he manawa lōʻihi kēia, a hiki i nā mea he nui ke hiki.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea pani koke i ka hana. Akā, he aha ka mea e ʻike ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ka emi ʻana o ka mana o ka mana hegemonic kahiko, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pili i ka honua e kahi hakakā haunaele ma waena o nā pou o ka mana, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomalu i ke kūlana. Ke noho nei ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi pilikua, akā he pilikua me nā wāwae pālolo. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia no ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka pūʻali koa ikaika loa, akā ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana pono iā ia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hōʻemi i kāna mau pilikia ma ka hoʻokau ʻana i ke kaua drone. Ua hoʻohewa wale ʻo ke Kakauolelo ʻo Defence Robert Gates i kēia manaʻo ma ke ʻano he pūʻali koa maoli ʻole. Hoʻomanaʻo mai ʻo ia iā mākou e lanakila ana kekahi i nā kaua ma ke kaua ʻāina wale nō, a ʻo ka pelekikena ʻo ʻAmelika i kēia manawa ma lalo o ke kaomi nui ʻana e nā poʻe kālai'āina a me nā manaʻo kaulana ʻaʻole e hoʻohana i nā pūʻali honua.

ʻO ka pilikia no nā mea a pau i loko o kahi kūlana geopolitical chaos ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hopohopo i hoʻoulu ʻia a me nā manawa kūpono e hāʻawi ai i ka lapuwale luku e lanakila ai. ʻO ka United States, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke lanakila hou i nā kaua, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i ka pōʻino nui iā ia iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma o nā hana kolohe. ʻO nā mea a pau a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻāʻo e hana i ka Middle East i kēia lā, nalowale. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o nā mea hana ikaika ma ka Hikina Waena (a ʻaʻole wau e manaʻo) e lawe hou i kā lākou ʻike mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Aia kēia me ʻAigupita, Israel, Turkey, Suria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran a me Pakistan (ʻaʻole e haʻi iā Rūsia a me Kina). Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī loa o nā pilikia kulekele a kēia mea no ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma The New York Times. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūloko i loko o ka hoʻokele Obama he kuʻikahi nui loa, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka Pelekikena Obama ma mua o ka ikaika.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻelua mau hopena maoli e hiki ai iā mākou ke maopopo pono i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mua ka hopena o ke kālā US e like me ke kālā o ka hopena hope loa. Ke hana ʻia kēia, e nalowale ana ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi pale nui no kāna kālā aupuni a no ke kumukūʻai o kāna mau hana hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka emi ʻana, he emi nui paha, i ke kūlana pili o ka noho ʻana o nā kamaʻāina US a me nā kamaʻāina. ʻO nā hopena politika o kēia hoʻomohala hope ʻana he paʻakikī ke wānana kikoʻī akā ʻaʻole ia he insubstantial. 


Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.

E Makana mai
E Makana mai

ʻO Immanuel Wallerstein (Sepatemaba 28, 1930 - ʻAukake 31, 2019) he kanaka kālaiʻāina ʻAmelika a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo waiwai. ʻIke ʻia paha ʻo ia no kona hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano maʻamau i ka ʻepekema i alakaʻi ʻia i ka puka ʻana o kāna ʻōnaehana honua. ʻO ia ka Senior Research Scholar ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale mai 2000 a hiki i kona make ʻana i 2019, a ua paʻi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻelua ʻelua ma o Agence Global ma nā mea pili honua mai ʻOkakopa 1998 a Iulai 2019. ʻO ia ka pelekikena 13th o International Sociological Association (1994-1998). Ma ka politika, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho ma ka "hema kūʻokoʻa" a ua hana ʻo ia i nā hui like ʻole. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia aia mākou i loko o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kā mākou ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai nui e kū nei i kahi ʻōnaehana hou, a ʻo ka hakakā politika nui o ko mākou manawa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻōnaehana hou e pani ai i kā mākou mea e kū nei. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi kauoha ʻōnaehana hou, e hilinaʻi ana i kā mākou hui pū ʻana e hoʻokau i ka hoʻoholo honua ma kahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mea koʻikoʻi i loko o kēia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a mākou e makemake ai e kūkulu, a ʻike i ka Reimagining Society Project kekahi o nā ala e hoʻonui ai i kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa hui.

E waiho i ka pane Ho'ōki Reply

kakau

ʻO nā mea hou loa mai Z, pololei i kāu pahu leka uila.

He 501(c)3 waiwai ole ka Institute for Social and Cultural Communications, Inc.

ʻO kā mākou EIN # #22-2959506. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻauhau ʻia kāu hāʻawi i ka nui i ʻae ʻia e ke kānāwai.

ʻAʻole mākou e ʻae i ke kālā mai ka hoʻolaha a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kākoʻo ʻoihana. Ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i nā mea hāʻawi e like me ʻoe e hana i kā mākou hana.

ZNetwork: Haʻalele Nūhou, Ka Ikepili, ʻike a me ka hoʻolālā

kakau

ʻO nā mea hou loa mai Z, pololei i kāu pahu leka uila.

kakau

E hui pū me ka Z Community - loaʻa i nā kono hanana, nā hoʻolaha, kahi Weekly Digest, a me nā manawa e komo ai.

Haʻalele puka paʻa