I ka wā wī nui ma Lebanona a me Suria - nona ka makahiki he haneli a mākou e hōʻailona ai i kēia mau mahina o kēia manawa, ʻoiai he kakaikahi ka poʻe e hopohopo nei e hoʻomanaʻo (a i ʻole e hoʻomanaʻo) - e ʻākoakoa ka poʻe pōloli a ʻilihune o Beirut ma ke kahua kaʻaahi Mar Mikhael ma ka hikina o ke kūlanakauhale. me ka manaʻolana nui e loaʻa i nā locos mokuahi hoʻokahi pule e iho mai nā mauna i nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻiʻo, i loko o kā lākou mau kaʻa ukana ʻino. Ua noho kekahi o kēia poʻe ma luna o nā ʻupena - e like me ka Irish o ka 19th century Great Famine - a ua make ka nui o kā lākou mau keiki a me nā ʻelemakule i ka pōloli. E waiho ana na kino o na keiki ma na alanui. No laila, ʻo nā kaʻaahi he hōʻailona o ka manaʻolana a me ke kaumaha.
Akā aia ma ke ala e noho ai kahi waihona kālā Lebanona, ʻo Salim Habib al-Boustani e hele mau ana i lalo i ke kahua e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai a me ka aila kuke a me ke kālā i ka proletariat make o Beirut. Ua pono no ia lakou ke kipi. Mai ka makahiki 1914, ua hoʻopaʻa nā Allies i ke kahakai ʻo Ottoman, e pale ana i nā lako a pau e hōʻea i nā awa o Lebanona a me Suria - ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka moku ʻo Ottoman hoʻokahi - a i ka wā i ʻumi ai ke Kaua Nui i nā pūʻali Ottoman, ua kauoha ko lākou mau luna Tureke i nā moku nui o nā meaʻai. , nā holoholona mahiʻai a me nā kaʻa mai nā haneli haneli o ka poʻe Lebanona a me Suria ʻilihune e noho ana ma nā kuaʻāina, mauna a me nā kūlanakauhale.
I loko o kēia pōʻino, ua mālama kekahi o ka poʻe waiwai Beirut (no ka mea, ʻo Lebanona kēia) - a kono aku i ko lākou mau aliʻi Tureke iā lākou - akā aia kekahi poʻe e like me Boustani i mālama i ko lākou pono a mālama i ko lākou mau hoalauna ʻeleʻele. He hale nani ʻo Boustani he ʻehā haneli mau mika wale nō mai ke kahua a me kona hale noho a me kona lokomaikaʻi a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o kēlā mau kaʻaahi e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nei i kēia mahina me nā kiʻi pena a ka mea pena Pelekane ʻo Tom Young a me nā kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ke kaʻaahi mahu mua i kūkulu ʻia e nā hoa pili i ke Kaua Honua ʻElua; i loko o ka hale kahiko ʻo Boustani, i kēia manawa e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nei, he puʻu Ottoman nani me nā pukaaniani poʻo nona nā mea nona, ʻo Nabil lāua ʻo Zoe Debs, e hoʻohuli pū ana i ka lua o ka Beirut Arts Club.
I ka makahiki 1917, ua ola hou ʻo Beirutis mai ka "makahiki o ka ʻūhini" ma mua i ka wā i holo ai nā piliona o nā iniseti ma ʻAigupita a me ka Levant e ʻai ana i nā mea āpau i ko lākou ala lele. ʻO ke ao ʻūhini ma luna o Lebanona he mānoanoa loa e hōʻike ana nā puke moʻolelo o ia manawa i ka uhi ʻana o ka lā. Ma ke awāwa ʻo Beqaa ma ka hikina o Beirut, ua wehewehe ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka ʻāina "i ka hohonu o ka lōʻihi o ka lima". Malia paha ʻelua miliona i make i ka pōloli i ke Kaua Nui - ʻo ia hoʻi ma Beirut - a ʻo kēia ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona mau Kalikiano ʻAmelika "i pepehi ʻia" e nā Turks i ka makahiki 1915, a ʻo ka poʻe i pakele i kēia manawa ke huli nei i Beirut e hoʻohui. i ka lehulehu pololi o ke kulanakauhale.
No laila, aia nā ʻāina o ka Levant i kēia lā ma nā lua kupapaʻu i ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka nui o ʻekolu a me ka hapa miliona i make - ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau manawa o ka nui o nā mea make o ka Pelekane a me kona aupuni i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua. He hoihoi ko Young i na kaaahi - pela no au a me ka mea kakau, e kau ana elua o kona mau kii kaaahi ma ko'u home Beirut, kekahi o ke ala kiekie maluna o Beirut kahi i pau ai ke kaua kivila i kona kumu a me kekahi o ka 19th century Swiss rack- a me-pinion loco e popopo ana ma ka pa kahiko o Beirut, paapu i na pua a me na mea kolo.
ʻO kāna mau kiʻi pena ma ka hale Boustani, akā naʻe, e hoʻāla i kahi ala kaʻa ola. He hekili ka mokuahi ma luna o ke alahaka ʻo Mar Mikhael i ka makahiki 1972 - aia nō i kēia lā akā ua ulu nui - aʻo kekahi, e kali ana kahi kaʻaahi Ottoman kahiko ma kahi keʻena ma luna o ka mauna. Lawe ʻo Young i kāna hoʻoikaika ʻana mai nā kiʻi kumu a ʻike maopopo wau i ke kiʻi o ka mokuahi ma ke alahaka. Akā, ma ka lima o Young ke pohā nei ke kaʻaahi ma luna o ke alahaka, ʻo ka māmā hina hina e puka mai ana i luna, me he mea lā hiki iā ʻoe ke puka i waho o ka puka, holo ma ke alanui a ʻike i ka mea maoli e halulu ana i hala.
E like me ka mea mau, ʻo ka hoihoi o Young e hoʻopuni ana i ka palaho a me ka mea hiki. Ua piʻi ʻo ia i ke ala a loaʻa iā Mar Mikhael ke kahua o Mar Mikhael i nā wahi ʻino - ua hāʻule i lalo - a me nā koena o kahi kaʻa kahiko. Ma ka pena, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i hale kupapaʻu kahiko. "La wayn", ua kapa ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia. "I kahi?" Loaʻa iā ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā kiʻi o ka ʻōpala maoli - āna i lawe ai mai ka laina kaʻaahi. I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā luna Pelekāne ma luna o nā papahele ʻelua o ka hale Boustani ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana iā lākou a me ka Free French i lanakila ai ma luna o nā pūʻali Vichy kūpaʻa iā Petain i ka makahiki 1941. ʻO ka poʻe Pelekania a me Australia ka mea i hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi o Lebanona. i ke kūlanakauhale ʻākau o Tripoli - ʻo ka mea nui e lawe i nā mea kaua - a aia kekahi manawa ʻano ʻē ke nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi a Young, ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ke kaupaku ma luna.
A aia nā koa Australia me British General Spears - ka poʻe i aloha iā De Gaulle a laila inaina nui iā ia i kona hōʻole ʻana e hāʻawi iā Lebanona i kāna ʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa i hoʻohiki ai ʻo Churchill i kipaku iā ia - a ʻo Pelekikena Lebanese Naccache, ka "alakaʻi Lebanona". Akā, ke kau nei ka pahupaʻikiʻi ma luna o ka paepae o kahi loco mahu nui a hele pū mākou me ia ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā e haʻalulu ai i ke kapakai Lebanona - hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā alahaka e ola nei i kēia lā - i ka hauʻoli o ka lehulehu o nā kamaʻāina Lebanese. Loaʻa ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni mai ke aupuni Australia. I loko o ka pana hoʻokahi, ua maopopo i ka hapalua o nā mea hana kaʻaahi i wāwahi i kahi hale Ottoman nani e hiki ai i ke ala ke hele i kahi pihi ma luna o ke Kaiwaenahonua.
No laila he luliluli o ke poʻo mai Young i kēlā me kēia manawa āna e ʻike ai i kēia kaʻina. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa e hoʻāʻo ai e mālama i ka moʻomeheu kahiko o Beirut - ʻaʻole me ka ʻole o ka huʻihuʻi ʻana o nā hulu sectarian - a hōʻole ʻo ia e hoʻokomo iā ia iho me ka hale Boustani i ka wā i hoʻolaha ai nā mea nona mua i kā lākou hoʻoholo e hoʻopau iā ia a kūkulu i alanui ma waena o ka hale. kahua o ka hale Boustani i ʻelua mau hale kiaʻi hou. Akā i ka manawa i kūʻai ai nā Debs i ka hale, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Young e kākoʻo i kā lākou hoʻihoʻi ʻana. Ua aneane like ka pahu puka aniani o ka papahele me ka hale kaʻaahi Mar Mikhael mua, i kūkulu ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope; ʻO ka mea hoʻolālā Italia hoʻokahi paha i kūkulu i nā mea ʻelua.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala, ua loaʻa iā Salim lāua ʻo Adele Boustani nā keiki ʻeono, ʻo kekahi o lākou he kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Georgette. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana me nā pūʻali Allied i ka makahiki 1941, ua aloha kekahi luna ʻo Scottish, ʻo Frank Armor kona inoa hanohano, iā Georgette a male iā ia. E mālama ana ʻo ia i kāna mau manu mele ma ke kīhāpai hope o ka hale i ka wā o ke kaua kīwila ʻo Lebanona i ka wā i pohā ai ka pūpū ma hope o lākou. Ua make ka nui o lakou. Aia ʻo Frank i ka hale a ola. ʻO ka hale Boustani, e like me ke kahua kaʻaahi kahiko ma lalo o ke ala, ʻike ʻia e hoʻopuni i ka pōʻino a me ka hilinaʻi o Lebanona. No laila ʻoiaʻiʻo ua mālama ʻia i kēia manawa.
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E Makana mai
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Mahalo iā Robert Fisk!
He mea heluhelu a mahalo wau iā ia no nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ka hapa nui e hoʻomaka ana i koʻu noho ʻana ma ʻAmelika Latina a heluhelu iā ia ma ka ʻōlelo Sepania. He mea kākau moʻolelo nui ʻo ia, a he kanaka hoʻohiwahiwa.