ka ka mua ʻelua nā'āpana ʻO kēia ʻatikala i noiʻi mua ʻia i nā hui kālā 'democratic' Reporters Without Borders (RSF), a laila hele i ka nānā ʻana i ka 'democratic' credentials o kekahi o kā lākou mau limahana a me nā limahana mua. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻekolu o kēia ʻatikala i hoʻonui i kēia noiʻi a nānā i nā pilina 'demokratika' o kekahi o nā mea i loaʻa mua i ka makahiki makahiki a RSF. ʻO ka Fondation de France Prize, a e hoʻomau ʻia kēia ʻāpana hope o ka ʻatikala i kēia manawa a nānā i nā pilina 'demokratika' o kekahi o nā mea lanakila hou o RSF. ʻO ka hope, e hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻatikala ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi mau manaʻo no ke ʻano o nā pilikia i hāpai ʻia i loko o kēia ʻatikala e hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻoikaika holomua.
Hōʻike ma ETA
I ka makahiki 2000, ʻo Carmen Gurruchaga Basurto, he mea hoʻolaha kālaiʻāina no ʻO ka Honua, ua lanakila ka nūpepa i kēlā me kēia lā ma Madrid i ka makana RSF. ʻO kāna moolelo moolelo "Kākau pinepine ʻo ia e pili ana i ka hui separatist Basque, ETA." Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia no ka mea "ua hoʻoweliweli nā moʻolelo a Gurruchaga i ka pūʻulu hoʻoweliweli… mai ka makahiki 1984 ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i kahi hoʻolaha kūʻē iā ia, me ka manaʻo e hoʻoweliweli iā ia e hoʻōki i ka hōʻike ʻana i kā lākou mau hana." I ka makahiki 2001, ua loaʻa iā Gurruchaga nā makana mai ʻelua mau hui 'democratically' pili, Human Rights Watch (nāna i loaʻa iā ia he Hellman/Hammett Grant), a me ka Pūnaehana Pūnaewele Wahine Hou (mai iā ia i loaʻa i kā lākou Courage Award makahiki).
Hoololi Aupuni ma Iran?
I ka makahiki 2001, ʻo Reza Alijani, ka mea hoʻoponopono o Iran-e-Farda – he nūpepa Iranian i pāpā ʻia i ka makahiki 2000 – ua loaʻa iā RSF ka makana kūʻokoʻa paʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hōʻike aku he pili 'democratic' ʻo Alijani, ʻo ia kekahi o kāna mau pilina mua Iran-e-Farda nā hoa hana, ʻo Hojjatoleslam Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari, “ua hopuia ma ʻAukake 5, 2000 e pili ana i kona komo ʻana i kahi hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao a me ka moʻomeheu i mālama ʻia ma ka Heinrich Boll Institute ma Berlin ma ʻApelila 7-9 [2000] i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Iran ma hope o ke koho balota,' kahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka hoʻoponopono politika a me ka nohona ma Iran. hoopaapaa”. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea ʻo nā kumu politika Kelemania (Stiftungen) e like me Stefan Mair (2000) "me ke kanalua ʻole i waena o nā mea hana kahiko, ʻoi loa ka ʻike a me nā mea hana nui i ke kōkua democracy honua". ʻOiaʻiʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo NED Ua kākau ʻo David Lowe ua hāʻawi kēia mau Stiftungen i "ke kumu hoʻohālike koʻikoʻi no ke kōkua demokala" i kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hui hoʻolaha demokalakala ponoʻī o US, ʻo ka NED.[1]
Me kēia ʻike, ʻaʻole paha he mea kupanaha ke koho ʻana o ke aupuni Iranian e hoʻopaʻahao i ka nui o nā mea hoʻoikaika i komo i ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Heinrich Boll i ʻōlelo ʻia. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kekahi o nā nā mea ʻē aʻe i hele i ka ʻaha kūkā loaʻa nā pilina i ka NED a me nā manipulators democracy: ʻo kēia mau mea hana i komo pū me Akbar Ganji (ka mea i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2000 makana no ke kuokoa o ka nupepa International mai ka Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pūʻulu nāna e hoʻokele i ka pūnaewele IFEX pili 'democratically', a ma hope o ka noho ʻana i ʻeono makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao - ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka ʻaha kūkā - ʻo Ganji. i hookoia ʻO John Humphrey Freedom Award o 2007, ʻo Ali Afshari (ʻo ia ka hoa kipa ma ka NED's International Forum for Democratic Studies mai ʻOkakopa 2006 a i Pepeluali 2007), a me Mehrangiz Kar (nawai mai Ua mālama ʻo 2000 a 2001 i kahi hui kiʻekiʻe me ka Toda Institute for Global Policy and Peace Research, mai ʻOkakopa 2001 a ʻAukake 2002 he NED Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow, ma ka hopena o 2002 i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he haumāna ma ka Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, a ma waena o Kepakemapa 2005 a me Iune 2006 he hoa ma ka Carr Center for Human Rights Policy).
ʻO kekahi mau mea nūpepa Iranian - ʻaʻole i hele i ka hālāwai kūkā ma Berlin - ua hopu pu ia i ʻApelila 2000, a ʻo nā mea ʻelua i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ke kaiāulu 'democracy' ʻo Mashallah Shamsolvaezin (ʻo ia ma 2000 a laila ua loaʻa i ke Kōmike e pale i ka poʻe nūpepa. makana no ke kuokoa o ka nupepa International), [2] a me Emadeddin Baqi (ʻo ia ma 2004 i hookoia ka Makana Koa Kivila, a i ka makahiki 1999, ua kākau pū ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala me Akbar Ganji e hoʻohewa ana i ke aupuni i "hoʻoikaika i ka lehulehu a, i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o kā lākou paʻi ʻana, koi ʻia e pani ʻia e ke aupuni kokoke i kēlā me kēia nūpepa hoʻoponopono ma ka ʻāina").
Kaiapuni 'Democracy' no Rusia
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makana RSF Fondation de France i ka makahiki 2002 i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Lūkini ʻo Grigory Pasko, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka makana e lawelawe ana i ka hoʻopaʻi paʻahao no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻōpala radioactive e nā ʻauwaʻa Lūkini ma ke Kai o Iapana, "hōʻike i ka palaho i loko o ka ʻauwaʻa” a hāʻawi i ka ʻike lehulehu e pili ana i nā pilikia ʻelua i nā nūpepa Kepani. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Pasko i ka makahiki 2003, a i ka makahiki 2004 ua lilo ʻo ia i luna hoʻoponopono o ka Environmental Rights Center (i kapa ʻia ʻo Bellona) Nūpepa Kaiapuni a me nā Kuleana - i paʻi ʻia mai Pepeluali 2002 a ʻo ia kākoʻo ʻia e ka NED.
Lawe mai i nā Kuleana Kanaka i Haiti, Zimbabwe, a me Morocco
Ma ka 2003 Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makana RSF Fondation de France i nā poʻe a me nā hui e hiki mai ana, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Haitian i lawe pio ʻia, ʻo Michèle Montas, i ka nūpepa Zimbabwean, Nā Nūhou o kēlā me kēia lā, a i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Moroccan, Ali Lmrabet.
Eia hou, he alakaʻi mua o Radio Haiti Inter, ʻo ka mea lanakila mua o ka RSF, ʻo Michèle Montas, he mea kuhikuhi o ka National Coalition for Haitian Rights - he hui i ʻike mua ʻia ʻo ka National Emergency Coalition for Haitian Refugees i ka wā i hana ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1982. ʻElua mau mea i ʻike nui ʻia (ua make i kēia manawa) 'democracy promoting' hoʻokumu o ka NCHR. Lane Kirkland (ʻo ia ka luna hoʻomalu o Rockefeller Foundation, a mai 1979 a 1995 i noho pelekikena o ka AFL-CIO - ʻo ia ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka NED koʻikoʻi) a me Bayard Rustin (ʻo ia ka luna mua o ke komite hoʻokō o ku okoa ana House, a me ka pelekikena mua o ka NED i hoʻolako kālā A. Pilipo Randolph Institute). [3] ʻO nā alakaʻi kaulana ʻē aʻe o NCHR ʻo Michael H. Posner (ʻo ia ka pelekikena o Pili mua o nā pono kanaka), Michele D. Pierre-Louis (ʻo ia ka Luna Hoʻokele o FOKAL i "ʻo ia ka Open Society Institute ma Haiti”), a me Vernon E. Jordan, Jr. (ʻo ia a luna alakaʻi mua o ka Rockefeller Foundation).
ʻO Jocelyn McCalla ka luna hoʻokō o NCHR i kēia manawa, ka mea i paʻa i kēia kūlana mai ka makahiki 1988 (koe wale no hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻomaha ma 2002) a ke lawelawe nei i kēia manawa ma ka 'democratically' hono a Human Right Watch. Papa Aʻoaʻo ʻAmelika. ʻO nā alakaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka NCHR o kēia manawa me nā pilina 'democratic' ʻo Mark Handelman (ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka NED-funded. ʻO ka Campaign International no Tibet), Max J. Blanchet (ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka Lambi Fund o Haiti a ʻoiai ʻo ka holomua ʻana he a mokuna na USAID i hoʻolako kālā Nā hoa o ʻAmelika), ʻO Muzaffar A. Chishti, (ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ke keʻena o ka Migration Policy Institute ma New York University School of Law), a me Herold Dasque (ʻo ia ka luna hoʻokō o ka holomua ʻo Haitian American United for Progress, akā ʻo ia hoʻi. pili iā Dwa Fanm - he hui nona nā alakaʻi ʻelua hana mua me 'O George Soros' Open Society Institute).
ʻO ka lua i loaʻa i ka 2003 RSF Fondation de France Prize ʻo ia ka nūpepa Zimbabwean, Ka Nuhou o na la a pau. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia pepa e Geoffrey Nyarota i ka makahiki 1999, a ua "wikiwiki ʻo ia ka nūpepa kūʻai nui loa a koʻikoʻi" ma Zimbabwe. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo iā Nyarota - ʻo ia "ke ola nei i ka noho pio ʻana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai kahi āna i hoʻopuka ai i ka thezimbabwetimes.com” -ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke Kōmike no ka pale ʻana i ka Journalists International Press Freedom Award ma 2001. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki aʻe. loaa ka World Association of Newspapers Golden Pen of Freedom award, mai 2004 a 2005 i lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoa ma ka US Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, a ʻo ia i kēia manawa a mea kuhikuhi o ka Komite Kuokoa Press World. [4] (Nā Nūhou o kēlā me kēia lā pani ʻia nā hana ma 2004 ma hope o "ka hoʻomāinoino mau ʻia e nā kiaʻi mokuʻāina” a ke noho nei paʻi ʻia e ka Amnesty International's Irish Section.)
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kolu o ka makana RSF no 2003 i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Moroccan a me ka hoʻoponopono o i ka la apopo ʻo Ali Lmrabet, ʻoiai ʻo ia "lawelawe a ʻekolu makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻi paʻahao, no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi koʻikoʻi no ka Mōʻī Mohammed VI”. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Lmrabet i Mei i kēlā makahiki, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia mai ka hale paʻahao hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makana RSF (i loaʻa iā ia ma Dekemaba 2003). Eia paha he mea kūpono ke ʻike ʻo ia i kēia manawa a lala o ka Moroccan Association for Human Rights, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia e paʻa i kekahi kuleana alakaʻi. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea he lālā kēia hui i kahi pūnaewele ākea i kapa ʻia ʻo International Federation for Human Rights - kahi hui nona ka hana. i kākoʻo ʻia e Nā Pono a me ka Democracy, ka Westminster Foundation for Democracy, ka Ford Foundation, a me ka Heinrich Boll Foundation.
Hoʻolaha i ka 'Democracy' ma Algeria, Kina, a me Mekiko
ʻEkolu mau makana RSF ua puʻunaue ʻia i ka makahiki 2004. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa mua i ka makana RSF ʻo ia ka mea kākau moʻolelo Algeria ʻo Hafnaoui Ghoul, ʻo ia ka mea kākau no ka pepa o kēlā me kēia lā. El Youm a ʻo ia ke poʻo o ke keʻena kūloko o ka Algerian Human Rights League (LADDH). He mea koʻikoʻi ka pili ʻana o Ghoul i ka hui hope no ka mea ua loaʻa iā LADDH kā lākou haʻawina mua mai ka NED ma 2002, a laila loaʻa hou aʻe. NED haawina i ka makahiki 2004 a me 2005.
ʻO ka lua o ka mea i loaʻa i ka makana RSF i ka makahiki 2004, ʻo ia ke “kumu kumu hoʻonaʻauao o ke Kulanui ʻo Beijing ma mua, ʻo Liu Xiaobo, nāna i poʻo i ka ʻAhahui Kākau Kūʻokoʻa". I ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makana ʻo Xiaobo ka noho o ka Independent Chinese PEN Center (ICPC), nona nā lālā ʻelua lālā o ka papa hoʻoponopono o ka NED-funed magazine, Punawai Pekina, Kuide Chen a me Zheng Yi. He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ʻo Louisa Coan Greve (ʻo ia ka Ua hoʻomaikaʻi aku ka luna papahana kiʻekiʻe no Asia no ka NED) iā Xiaobo i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna makana RSF, a ua ʻike ʻo ia ka "hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka ICPC ponoʻī, a ua hauʻoli a haʻahaʻa ʻo NED e lilo i mea kākoʻo i kēlā mau hana." [5]
ʻO ka hope, ʻo ke kolu o ka lanakila o ka makana RSF i ka makahiki 2004, ʻo ia ka nūpepa pule Zeta – he pepa Mekiko i hookumu pu ia e ka 1998 RSF i koho ʻia J. Iesu Blancornelas. ʻO Blancornelas i kēia manawa ʻO Zeta luna hoʻoponopono, a ʻo kāna koho mua ʻana no ka makana RSF ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino, no ka mea, i loko o kāna ʻoihana ua hoʻomāliʻi ʻia ʻo ia. nui nā makana nūpepa, ʻo ka mea mua loa i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke Kōmike no ka pale ʻana i ka nūpepa International Press Freedom Award i loaʻa iā ia ma 1995. Zeta ʻIke ʻia he pilina pili loa me ke Kōmike no ka pale ʻana i nā nūpepa, no ka mea ma 2007, ʻO Zeta ʻO ke alakaʻi, ʻo Navarro Bello, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke Kōmike e pale i ka poʻe nūpepa makana no ke kuokoa o ka nupepa International.
He lima kōkua no Somali, Afghanistan, a me Kina
Ma 2005, ua loaʻa iā Omar Faruk Osman ka makana RSF ma ka inoa o ka National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ). He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea i ka makahiki 2002 ua koho ʻia ʻo Osman i ka kakauolelo-nui o ka Somali Journalists Network (SOJON), i hoʻololi ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i NUSOJ. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia hui i ka NED ma nā ʻano he nui. Ma 2005 ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi haʻawina mai ka NED e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka poʻe nūpepa a "koho i ka poʻe nūpepa ma ke ʻano he National Press Freedom Protectors e nānā i nā hana hoʻomāinoino kūʻokoʻa", ʻoiai i ka makahiki hoʻokahi ua loaʻa i ka International Federation of Journalists kahi haʻawina ʻokoʻa mai ka NED e hana pū me lākou. hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻaha kūkā nūhou. I kēia mau lā, i ka makahiki 2006, "ua koho ʻia ʻo Osman i lālā o ka jure honua o ka RSF Press Freedom Award".
ʻO nā mea lanakila ʻē aʻe o ka RSF's 2005 Fondation de France Press Freedom Award, ʻo ia ka Tolo TV i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Afghanistan (i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2004 me nā kālā hoʻomaka i hāʻawi ʻia e USAID, a ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka "loa Popular kahua ma Kabul" e kaena ana i ka "81 pakeneka mahele o ka makeke"), a New York Times mea kōkua, Zhao Yan.
He kanaka nūpepa ʻo Zhao Yan hana no Kina Reform Magazine (mai 2002 a Malaki 2004), a ua loaʻa pū kekahi palapala no nā Kuleana Kanaka i kākoʻo ʻia e NED ma Kina. Ua hooki ʻo Yan i kāna hana no ka Kina Reform Magazine i Malaki 2004 a "ka makasina ua pani ʻia e ke aupuni ma Dekemaba 2004”. Eia naʻe, ma mua wale nō Ua paʻa ka makasina ua hopu ʻia ʻo Yan e ke aupuni Kina no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea huna o ka mokuʻāina, a laila mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale paʻahao a hiki i Kepakemapa 2007.
Eʻike i ka Kina Reform Magazine ua hoʻopili ʻia, me ka liʻiliʻi paha, i kahi hui i kākoʻo ʻia e NED ma o Professor Tiejun Wen, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke Kulanui ʻo Renmin o Kina a ʻo ia ka luna hoʻoponopono no ka Kina Reform Magazine. Ua kū mai ka loulou NED ma o ka hana a Professor Wen ma ke ʻano he poʻokela-economist o ka China Macroeconomics Network, kahi ʻo ia kekahi. lala ʻO kā lākou pūʻulu akamai o "ʻoi aku ma mua o 130 kaulana Kina macroeconomists" i kapa ʻia ʻo The Macrochina Economists 100. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana o ʻekolu mau lālā ʻē aʻe o kēia pūʻulu elite o macroeconomists no ka Unirule Institute of Economics i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Beijing - kahi hui i loaʻa. ʻehā mau haʻawina mai ka NED (i hoʻouna ʻia ma o ka Kikowaena no ka 'Oihana Pilikino International i 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999): ʻo kēia mau macroeconomic ʻekolu ka pelekikena o Unirule a me ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo Mao Yushi, ko lākou alakaʻi ʻo Sheng Hong, a me ka luna nui o ka Institute Zhang Shuguang. [6]
Kemokalaka no ʻEhā: Burma, Cuba, Lūkia, a me Democratic Republic of Congo
Ma ka 2006 he ʻehā mau mea lanakila RSF, ʻo ka mea kākau moʻolelo Burmese ʻo U Win Tin, ka mea kākau Cuban Guillermo Farinas Hernandez, ka nūpepa. Novaya Gazeta (Russia), a me ka hui Journaliste En Danger (Democratic Republic of Congo).
U Win Tin, a lala kahiko o ke kōmike hoʻokō waena o ka National League for Democracy (kahi i hana ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo no lākou), a he hoa pili loa o ka mea hoʻokūkū RSF mua ʻo San San Nweh, i loaʻa ka makana kūʻokoʻa paʻi RSF 2006. Ua paʻa ʻo ia i loko o ka hale paʻahao mai ka makahiki 1989 ma muli o kona pili ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē nui o Burma, a ʻoiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo San San Nweh mai ka hale paʻahao i ka makahiki 2001, aia nō ʻo ia e lohi nei ma hope o ka hale paʻahao i kēia lā. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i ka makahiki 2001 ua hāʻawi ka World Association of Newspapers iā U Win Tin i kāna makana kūʻokoʻa paʻi makahiki.
ʻO kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka makana RSF i ka makahiki 2006 ʻo ia ka Cuban cyber-dissident Guillermo Farinas Hernandez, ʻo ia ke poʻo o ka mea liʻiliʻi. Cubanacán Press ʻoihana nūhou. E like me ka wā ma mua, ʻo ke kākoʻo ʻana o RSF o ka poʻe kūʻē Cuban he mea kupanaha loa ia i ke kākoʻo kālā i loaʻa iā lākou mai ka NED-funded Center for a Free Cuba, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka NED-kumu E hoʻolaha ka papahana media CubaNet i ka hana a Guillermo.
ʻO ka nūpepa Lūkini ʻelua pule Novaya Gazeta ʻO ia ka mea kaulana loa i kēia manawa no ka noho mua ʻana iā Anna Politkovskaya (ka mea kākau moʻolelo i pepehi ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 2006), he mea kākau moʻolelo nona kāna hana i ʻike ʻia e ka NED nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i kekahi o kā lākou hana. 2007 Nā makana Demokalaka. [7] Eia hou, ma Kepakemapa 2007 ʻo Dmitry Muratov, ka luna hoʻoponopono o Novaya Gazeta, ua haawiia ke komite e pale aku i ka poe nupepa makana no ke kuokoa o ka nupepa International.
ʻO ka "hui hoa" o RSF Journaliste En Danger (JED), he lālā ia o ka pūnaewele IFEX, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1997, a ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e nā mea nūpepa ʻo Donat M'Baya Tshimanga a me Tshivis Tshivuadi. Ma ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he paio o ka hoihoi, ʻo Tshimanga - ʻo ia hoʻi ka pelekikena o JED i kēia manawa lawelawe ma ke jure honua o RSF no ko lakou Press Freedom Award (a ua hana pēlā mai ka makahiki 2002 paha). I ka makahiki 2004, ua hele ʻo Tshivuadi, ʻo ia ke kākau ʻōlelo nui o JED, i kahi papa hana ma waena o nā ʻāpana i ʻākoakoa ʻia e ka NED-pili Panos Institute. [8]
E hoʻopau ana i ke keakea Media i kēia manawa
"He mea pōʻino loa ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nā hui kūʻokoʻa paʻi iā lākou iho ma ka ʻae ʻana i ka uku mai kekahi aupuni. He mea koʻikoʻi ke kūʻokoʻa maoli o ia mau hui. " Hui Pūʻulu Lāhui o UK
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻatikala e loaʻa ana iā RSF ke kālā mai kekahi aupuni, ua hōʻike ʻia pehea i loaʻa ai iā RSF ke kālā mai ka NED i kākoʻo ʻia e ka Congressionalally, a ua hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hui pū ʻana o ka hana a RSF me ke kaiāulu 'democracy promoting'. i pili i nā hana a ka NED. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ʻo RSF e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea hana pono no nā 'mea hoʻolaha democracy', a i ʻole ʻo ia ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā mea nui e pili ana i ka pāpaho o ke kaiāulu 'demokratika' honua. ʻO ka mea maopopo, ua pili pono nā hana a RSF me nā hana a ka NED. ʻO nā hōʻike ma kēia ʻatikala wale nō ke hāʻawi i nā kumu kūpono no ka wehe koke ʻana iā RSF. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paha e hiki mai kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma muli o ke kuleana kūpono a RSF e hāʻawi nei i kēia manawa no nā pono elite i hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻano neoliberal haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke aupuni democracy ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole kānalua nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana e hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī hou aʻe e pili ana i nā liaisons 'democratic' liʻiliʻi o RSF, akā ʻo ka nīnau e nīnau ai, e lawa anei kēia e pani mau loa, a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i kā lākou hana ma ka ʻoihana media? ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ia ʻike, me ka ʻole o ka hana paʻa (ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kumu o ka ʻāina) e kākoʻo iā ia, ʻaʻole paha e pili i ka hana o ka hana a RSF i hoʻokahi iota. Hiki i kēia ke wehewehe nui ʻia e ke ʻano bipartisan (akā naʻe, ʻoi loa ka hana politika a me ka regressive) o ka hapa nui o nā 'hoʻoikaika democracy', e hana ana e pale i kā lākou hana mai ka nīnau koʻikoʻi. Pono mākou e nānā i ka hana a ka mea hāʻawi nui NED, ʻo ka AFL-CIO, e ʻike i nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi e hoʻomau nei i waiho ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei [27] - ua kākau piha i ka komo ʻana o ka AFL-CIO i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā haole antidemocratic o US. nā kulekele - ua liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ʻike ʻia i kā lākou mau hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hui pū kekahi mau unionists a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i ke Kōmike Solidarity Worker to Worker (www.workertoworker.net) ē hoʻomau i ka hoʻolaha e kiʻi i ka AFL-CIO e uhaʻi i kāna mau pilina me ka NED. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole lākou i kūleʻa, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana i ka California AFL-CIO State Convention - hoʻokahi hapaono o nā lālā holoʻokoʻa i kēlā manawa - i hoole lokahi ka AFL-CIO ka papahana kulekele haole ma 2004. Ma ka 2005 National AFL-CIO Convention ma Chicago, ua hoʻololi mua ke alakaʻi AFL-CIO i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo Kaleponi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou Solidarity Center hana, a laila hōʻole ikaika i ka ʻae ʻana i kekahi e ʻōlelo ma ka ʻaha kūkā. papa i ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo maoli o Kaleponi e hoʻohewa ana i ke kulekele ʻē aʻe o AFL-CIO.
Ma kahi ʻōlelo maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e kōkua nā hopena o kēia pepa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā nīnau koʻikoʻi hou aʻe i ka hoʻokele democracy manipulators colonization o nā hui nūpepa. He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia he palapala hoʻopiʻi a ka poʻe ʻepekema media a me nā mea nūpepa ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia nā haʻawina like i nā makahiki i hala. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia hoʻoholo, ʻoiai ʻo ka naʻaupō e pili ana i ke kālā antidemocratic me he mea lā pilikia o nā hui holomua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua paʻa loa ka poʻe hoʻoikaika holomua i ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ko lākou mau hoa paio noʻonoʻo a ua haʻalele lākou i ka nānā ʻana i ka paheʻe ʻākau o kā lākou mau hoa. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia haʻalele ʻana i nā hui media democratic e wehe i nā hoʻouka cooptive insidious i hana ʻia e ka poʻe i manaʻo e hāpai i kahi ākea ākea polyarchal.
ʻO kahi ala e kūʻē ai i ka democracy manipulators hoʻohana hoʻomāinoino i ka nūpepa kūʻē i ka democracy no nā hui holomua e noiʻi pono i nā hana a kēlā me kēia hui media e hana nei e hoʻoikaika i ka lehulehu. He papahana maʻalahi kēia inā e nānā koʻikoʻi ka poʻe nūpepa a me ka poʻe naʻauao o ka honua i ka hana a kā lākou hui nūpepa kūloko. Ma kēia ala, hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻikepili honua e hiki ai i nā haumāna holomua, nā mea hoʻoikaika, a me nā mea nūpepa, ke hāpai i ka pale ʻōlelo i pale i nā hui media he nui mai ka hoʻohewa ʻana. ʻO ka pau ʻana o ia mau haʻawina e hiki ai i ka poʻe hoʻoponopono hou ke kākoʻo (a inā pono e hana hou) i nā hui nūpepa komo maoli i hiki ke hoʻokūkū pono i ka mana o ka honua honua.
ʻO Michael Barker he moho kauka kauka ma Griffith University, Australia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Michael.J.Barker [at] griffith.edu.au. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻehā o kēia ʻatikala a me kekahi o Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kāna mau ʻatikala hou maanei.
Hoʻopau
[1] Ma ka 1990s German's Stiftungen or party foundations, "he mau ʻelele kamaʻāina ma mua o 100 mau ʻāina a me nā keʻena kahua ma kekahi o lākou no nā makahiki he 30 aʻe. Ma waena o 1962 a me 1997 ua mālama lākou i ka huina ma mua o DM4.5 biliona a hiki i kahi DM290 miliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki e nā 1990s. ʻOiai i loko o ka manawa ma mua o 1990 hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia pehea ka nui e hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kākoʻo democracy ma mua o nā hana i manaʻo nui ʻia e hālāwai me nā kumu ʻē aʻe Ma ka ʻōlelo a Pinto-Duschinsky he mau mea ikaika lākou ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke aupuni demokala, akā no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā makemake a me nā pilina Kelemania. .” Stefan Mair, Kelemānia's Stiftungen and Democracy Assistance: Comparative Advantages, New Challenges, In: Peter J. Burnell (ed.) Democracy kokua: International Co-operation for Democratization (London, Frank Cass: 2000), pp.128-149.
ʻO ka ʻelele ʻo Heinrich Boll, ʻo Sascha Müller-Kraenner, he mea hōʻailona pū i kahi leta hou (i ka lā 11 o Nowemapa, 2004) i hoʻouna ʻia e ka NED i ka pelekikena o Venezuela ʻo Hugo Chavez e koi iā ia "e noʻonoʻo hou i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ke alakaʻi ʻana o Sumate, a me ka manaʻo e hoʻopiʻi hewa i ke kōkua demokala mai nā ʻāina ʻē". ʻO Sumate ka hui Venezuelan i loaʻa ke kōkua mai ka NED e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lanakila ʻole ʻana o Chavez ma 2002.
[2] ʻO kekahi mea i loaʻa i ke Kōmike no ka Hoʻopalekana ʻana i ka International Press Freedom Award i ka makahiki 2000. Steven Gan ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu a me ka mea hoʻoponopono o ka puke paʻi pūnaewele ʻo Malaysiakini, kahi puke i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka makahiki 1999 e ka Southeast Asian Press Alliance (he hui i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1999 nā haʻawina makahiki mai ka NED e kākoʻo i kā lākou hana. ma Malaysia).
[3] E ʻike pū iā Tom Barry, 'ʻO ka Crusade Hou o ka Democratic Globalists', Kikowaena Pili honua, 'Aukake 3, 2005; ʻO nā alakaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka NCHR i nā makahiki 1980, ʻo ia ʻo Father Antoine Adrien, Anthony Cardinal Bevilacqua, Ira Gollobin, Vernon Jordan, Rev. Benjamin Hooks, Rep. Shirley Chisholm, a me Bishop Paul Moore.
[4] Ma 2006 ua paʻi ʻo Geoffrey Nyaro i ka puke E kūʻē i ka palaoa: nā memo o kahi mea nūhou Zimbabwe, a i ka makahiki 2006 kekahi ua hui ka 7th International Conference on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees - he hālāwai kūkā i hele pū ʻia e ka pelekikena o NED ʻo Carl Gershman.
[5] http://www.cicus.org/news/newsdetail.php?id=3514 Loaʻa iā Kekemapa 2006.
[6] Ka Unirule Institute peresidena, Mao Yushi, ʻoiai e noho ana ma ka Unirule Institute ma waena o 1996 a me 1997 he luna hoʻokō no ka NED-linked Chinese Economists Society, a "[i] i Nowemapa 2004, ua koho ʻia ʻo Mao e ka International Business Review ma ke ʻano he ʻumi o ka ʻumi. nā mea hoʻokele waiwai nui loa ma Kina". ʻO kekahi 'democratic' kaulana ʻē aʻe ka poʻe kālā ʻO ka hana a Unirule, ʻo ia ka philanthropist liberal Ford Foundation, ka Institute for International Economics (ʻo ia ka poʻe alakaʻi 'demokratika' ʻo David Rockefeller lāua ʻo George Soros), "he nui nā ʻelele haole ma Beijing", a me "nā hui aupuni o ka honua, e like me World Bank. , International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank and African Development Bank”. No ka 'ike hou aku o ka Unirule Institute 'democratic' pili e ike, Michael Barker, Promoting a Low Intensity Public Sphere: American Led Efforts to Promote a 'Democratic Media' Environment in China. He pepa e hoikeia ma ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā Media Kina (Brisbane, Australia: Creative Industries Precinct, 5-6 Iulai 2007).
[7] Novaya Gazeta: "ʻO ka nūpepa pilikino kahi e paʻa ai nā limahana i ka 51% o nā'āpana, uaʻikeʻelua mau mea kālai'āina i lawe ma luna o 49% o kona kapikala ma Iune 2006. ʻO lākou ka pelekikena Soviet mua a me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i glasnost (openness), Mikhail Gorbachev, a me Alexander Lebedev, ka mea kālepa waiwai a me ka lālā o ka Duma.
[8] ʻO ka Panos Institute ua loaʻa hoʻokahi haʻawina mai ka NED i ka makahiki 1997, ʻoiai i ka mahina o Kepakemapa 2007, ua hoʻokumu ka NED "Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) a me Panos London i ka hōʻike a Panos Institute i kapa ʻia ʻo At the Heart of Change: The Role of Communication in Sustainable Development."
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