Pumehana ka naʻau i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hohonu o ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapalua o nā ʻauhau a mākou e hana nei e hoʻouna i ko mākou aupuni i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hoʻomākaukau kaua. Pono ia mau lilo nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻike kekahi i ka wā e hoʻouka ai ka poʻe Iaps a i ʻole nā Serbians a me nā Iranians. No ka mahalo ʻana i ka pono o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kaua he nui a me nā miliona miliona, pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo me ka hauʻoli i nā lā hanohano o ke kaua i hāʻawi ʻia mai ʻekolu hapaha o ke kenekulia iā mākou i ka pūʻali koa pūʻali koa, ka Air Force, ka CIA, nā mea kaua nuklea. , ʻimi kilokilo, luku nui ʻia ka nohona, a ma kahi o 70 miliona mau kino make.
ʻĀ, ʻo wai ka poina . . .
ʻO Nazi Kelemānia, ʻaʻole mākou e nānā i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ola a kaua paha me ke kākoʻo ʻole no nā makahiki i hala aku nei a hoʻomau ʻia ma ke kaua o nā hui US e like me GM, Ford, IBM, a me ITT. Ua ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā ʻoihana hui ʻAmelika iā Nazi Kelemānia ma mua o ka Soviet Union komunista, hauʻoli i ka ʻike ʻana i ka luku ʻana o kēlā mau lāhui ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi, a ua makemake ʻo ʻAmelika i ke komo ʻana i ke Kaua Honua II ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻEnelani wale nō. i ka manawa i hana ai ke aupuni US i mea waiwai loa.
Ma ka lā 7 o Kekemapa, 1941, ua kākau ʻo Pelekikena Franklin Delano Roosevelt i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻolaha kaua ma Iapana a me Kelemania, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e hana a hele pū me Iapana wale nō. Ua hoʻolaha koke ʻo Kelemania i ke kaua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, me ka manaʻolana paha e hoʻolaha aku ʻo Iapana i ke kaua me ka Soviet Union.
ʻO ke komo ʻana i ke kaua ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo hou i loko o ka Rosevelt White House. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo FDR e wahaheʻe i ka poʻe ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā moku US me ka Greer a me ka Kerny, ka mea i kōkua i nā mokulele Pelekane e hahai i nā moku kai Kelemania, akā ʻo Roosevelt i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ua hoʻouka ʻia me ka hala ʻole. Ua wahaheʻe hoʻi ʻo Roosevelt e loaʻa iā ia kahi palapala ʻāina Nazi huna e hoʻolālā ana i ka naʻi ʻana o ʻAmelika Hema, a me kahi hoʻolālā Nazi huna no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hoʻomana āpau me ka Nazism. ʻO kēia palapala 'āina no ka maikaʻi o ka "Iranian bomb graph" hou a ka Associated Press, a i ʻole ka "hōʻoia" a Karl Rove e kūʻai ana ʻo Iraq i ka uranium ma Niger.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūʻai ka poʻe o ʻAmelika i ka manaʻo e hele i ke kaua ʻē aʻe a hiki i Pearl Harbor, ma ia manawa ua hoʻokumu ʻo Roosevelt i ke kiʻi, hoʻāla i ka National Guard, hoʻokumu i kahi Navy nui ma nā moana ʻelua, kālepa i nā mea luku kahiko. i Enelani no ka hoolimalima ana i kona mau kahua ma ka Caribbean a me Bermuda, a—he 11 wale no la mamua o ka hoouka kaua ana i manao ole ia—ua kauoha malu aku oia i ka hana ana i papa inoa o kela ame keia Kepani ame Kepani-Amerika ma Amerika Huipuia.
MaʻApelila 28, 1941, ua kākauʻo Churchill i kahi kauoha hūnā i kāna keʻena kaua:
"Ua aneane paha e manaoia, o ke komo ana mai o Iapana iloko o ke kaua, e ukaliia ana no ke komo koke ana mai o Amerika Huipuia ma ko kakou aoao."
Ma ka lā 11 o Mei, 1941, hui ʻo Robert Menzies, ke kuhina nui o Australia, me Roosevelt a loaʻa iā ia he "lili iki" no ka wahi o Churchill i waenakonu o ke kaua. ʻOiai ua makemake ka ʻaha Kuhina o Roosevelt e komo i ke kaua, ua ʻike ʻo Menzies ʻo Roosevelt,
"... i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma lalo o Woodrow Wilson i ke kaua hope loa, ke kali nei i kahi hanana, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoili ai ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kaua a hoʻokuʻu iā R. mai kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻohiki naʻaupō e hoʻopaʻa iā ʻoe mai ke kaua."
Ma ʻAukake 18, 1941, hui ʻo Churchill me kāna kuhina ma 10 Downing Street. Ua like ka halawai me ka la 23 o Iulai, 2002, ka halawai ma ka haiolelo hookahi, a ua kapaia na minuke he mau minuke o ke alanui Downing. Ua hōʻike nā hui ʻelua i ka manaʻo huna o US e hele i ke kaua. Ma ka hālāwai 1941, ua haʻi ʻo Churchill i kāna Kuhina, e like me nā minuke: "Ua ʻōlelo ka Pelekikena e kaua ʻo ia akā ʻaʻole ia e haʻi." Eia hou, "E hanaʻia nā mea a pau e hoʻoikaika i kahi hanana."
ʻAʻole nōʻo Japan i hōʻole i ka hoʻouka aku i nā mea'ē aʻe a ua hanaʻo ia i ka hanaʻana i kahi aupuni Pelekia. Aʻo kaʻAmelika Huipūʻia a me Iapana hoʻi,ʻaʻole lākou i ola i ka pilina aloha. Akā, he aha ka mea e hiki ai i ka poʻe Kepanī e hoʻouka?
I ka wā i hele aku aiʻo Pelekikena Franklin Roosevelt i Pearl Harbor ma Iulai 28, 1934,ʻehiku mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻouka kauaʻana o Iapana, ua hoʻokūkūʻia e ka pūʻali koa Iapana. Ua kākauʻo General Kunishiga Tanaka i ka Japanese Advertiser, kū'ē i ka kūkuluʻana i nā'auwaʻaʻAmelika a me ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā kumuhana'ē aʻe ma Alaska a me nā Aleutian Islands:
"ʻO ia ʻano hana haʻahaʻa e lilo ai mākou i mea kānalua loa. Ke manaʻo nei mākou he haunaele nui ke paipai ʻia nei ma ka Pākīpika. Minamina loa kēia."
ʻO ka mihi maoli a ʻaʻole paha he nīnau kaʻawale mai ka pane maʻamau a wānana ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pūʻali koa, ʻoiai ke hana ʻia ma ka inoa o ka "pale." ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui ʻole (e like me kā mākou e kapa nei iā ia) ʻo George Seldes, ua kānalua pū kekahi. Ma ʻOkakopa 1934 ua kākau ʻo ia ma ka Harper's Magazine: "He manaʻo ʻaʻole e paʻa nā lāhui no ke kaua akā no ke kaua." Ua nīnau ʻo Seldes i kahi luna ma ka Navy League:
"Ua ʻae anei ʻoe i ka axiom naval āu e hoʻomākaukau ai no ke kaua ʻana i kekahi moku kaua?"
Pane mai ke kanaka "Ae."
"Ke noʻonoʻo nei anei ʻoe i kahi hakakā me nā moku kaua Pelekane?"
"Aole loa."
"Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻoe i ke kaua me Iapana?"
"Ae."
I ka 1935 ka mea i hoʻohanohanoʻia e ka US Marine i ka wā kahiko,ʻo Brigadier General Smedley D. Butler, i paʻiʻia i ka lanakila nui loa i kahi puke liʻiliʻi i kapaʻiaʻo War Is a Racket. Uaʻike ponoʻo ia i ka mea e hele mai ana a hoʻomaopopo i ka lāhui:
"I kēlā me kēia kau o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo, e piʻi mai ana ka nīnau no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā moku moku. ʻAʻole, ʻo ka mea mua, ua hōʻike ʻia lākou e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei ʻo ʻAmelika e kekahi mana moana nui, ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia lā, e haʻi aku kēia mau Adimarala iā ʻoe, e paʻi koke ka ʻauwaʻa nui o kēia ʻenemi i manaʻo ʻia a hoʻopau i ko kākou poʻe 125,000,000. pela. A laila, hoʻomaka lākou e uē no ka moku nui. No ke aha? E kaua i ka ʻenemi? Auwe, ʻaʻole. ʻAʻole. No ka pale wale nō. , huh.
"He moana nui ka Pākīpika. He kahakai nui ko mākou ma ka Pākīpika. E holo ana nā hana ma ke kapakai, ʻelua a ʻekolu haneli mile? ʻAe, ʻaʻole. haneri mile, ma ke kapakai.
"O ka poe Iapana, he poe haaheo, he oiaio, e hauoli loa lakou i ka ike ana aku i na mokukaua o Amerika Huipuia e pili kokoke ana i na kapakai o Nippon. E like me ka olioli o na kamaaina o Kaleponi ke ike pohihihi aku lakou, ma ka noe o ke kakahiaka, ka poe Kepani. nā ʻauwaʻa e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani kaua ma waho o Los Angeles."
Ma Malaki 1935, hāʻawi akulaʻo Roosevelt iā Island Island i ka US Navy a hāʻawi iā Pan Am Airways heʻae e kūkulu i nā ala holo ma Wake Island, Midway Island, a me Guam. Ua hoʻolaha nā luna koa o Iapana i ko lākou hopohopo a nānā i kēia mau holo wāwae i mea hoʻoweliweli. Pēlā i hana ai nā mea hana kuikahi maʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. Ma ka mahina aʻe aʻe, ua hoʻolālāʻo Roosevelt i nā pāʻani kaua a me nā holoʻana ma kahi kokoke i ka Aleutian Islands a me Midway Island. Ma ka mahina o ka mahina aʻe nei, e hele ana nā mea hoʻokipa maluhia ma New York e'ōlelo ana i ka pilina me Iapana. Ua kākauʻo Norman Thomas ma 1935:
"ʻO ke kanaka mai Mars ka mea i ʻike i ka ʻeha o nā kāne i ke kaua hope loa a me ka wikiwiki o kā lākou hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ke kaua e hiki mai ana, kahi a lākou i ʻike ai e ʻoi aku ka ʻino, e hiki mai ana i ka hopena e nānā ana ʻo ia i nā denizens o kahi hale hoʻomaha."
Ua hoʻohana ka US Navy i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻolālā kaua me Iapana, ʻo ka lā 8 o Malaki, 1939, ka mana i wehewehe ʻia "he kaua huhū lōʻihi" e luku ai i ka pūʻali koa a hoʻopilikia i ke ola waiwai o Iapana. I Ianuali 1941, he ʻumikumamākahi mahina ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻo Iapana Advertiser i kona huhū ma luna o Pearl Harbor ma kahi hoʻoponopono, a ua kākau ka ʻelele US i Iapana i kāna diary:
"He nui nā kamaʻilio a puni ke kūlanakauhale e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe Kepanī, i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hoʻolālā ana e hele i waho i kahi hoʻouka kaua weliweli ma Pearl Harbor. ʻOiaʻiʻo ua haʻi aku wau i koʻu aupuni."
Ma ka lāʻo Pepeluali 5, 1941, ua kākauʻo Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner i ke kākau'ōlelo o ka war Henry Stimson e haʻi aku i ka hiki o ka hōʻeha ma Pearl Harbor.
I ka makahiki 1932, ua kamaʻilio ʻo ʻAmelika me Kina e pili ana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mokulele, nā pailaka, a me ke aʻo ʻana no kāna kaua me Iapana. I Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1940, ua hōʻaiʻē ʻo Roosevelt iā Kina i hoʻokahi haneli miliona kālā no ke kaua me Iapana, a ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me nā Pelekania, ua hoʻolālā ʻo US Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau e hoʻouna aku i nā poʻe pahū Kina me nā pūʻali US e hoʻohana i ka pana ʻana iā Tokyo a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Iapana. Ma ka lā 21 o Dekemaba, 1940, ʻelua pule hilahila o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Iapana ma Pearl Harbor, ke Kuhina Waiwai o Kina ʻo TV Soong lāua ʻo Colonel Claire Chennault, he pūʻali koa US i hoʻomaha e hana ana no nā Kina a ua koi ʻo ia iā lākou e hoʻohana i ka ʻAmelika. ʻO nā pailaka e hoʻopā iā Tokyo mai ka liʻiliʻi loa o 1937, ua hui i loko o ka lumi ʻaina o Henry Morgenthau no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ke ahi o Iapana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Morgenthau hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i nā kāne mai ka hana ma ka US Army Air Corps inā hiki i nā Kina ke uku iā lākou i $ 1,000 i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ua ʻae ʻo Soong.
Ma ka lāʻo Mei 24, 1941, ka New York Times ua hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika i ka pūʻali ea Kina, a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i "mau mokulele kaua a me nā mokulele pana" i Kina e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. "Ke Manaʻo ʻia nei ka Pahū ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Iapana" heluhelu i ka subheadline. Ma ka mahina o Iulai, ua ʻae ka Hui Pūʻali Koa-Navy Board i kahi hoʻolālā i kapa ʻia ʻo JB 355 e puhi i ke ahi iā Iapana. E kūʻai kekahi hui mua i nā mokulele ʻAmelika e lele ʻia e nā limahana ʻAmelika i aʻo ʻia e Chennault a uku ʻia e kekahi hui mua. Ua ʻae ʻo Roosevelt, a ʻo kāna loea Kina ʻo Lauchlin Currie, ma ka ʻōlelo a Nicholson Baker, "ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Madame Chaing Kai-Shek lāua ʻo Claire Chennault i kahi leka i noi pololei ʻia e nā kiu Kepani." ʻO ia ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole paha, ʻo ia ka leka:
"Ua hauʻoli nui wau i ka hiki ke hōʻike i kēia lā ua kauoha ka Pelekikena e hoʻolako ʻia nā mea hoʻokūkū he kanaonokumamāono i Kina i kēia makahiki me ka iwakāluakūmāhā e hāʻawi koke ʻia. Ua ʻae pū ʻo ia i kahi papahana hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele Kina ma ʻaneʻi. Nā kikoʻī ma o nā ala maʻamau. Aloha pumehana."
Ua ʻōlelo ko mākou ʻelele "inā he haʻihaʻi me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa" e pana nā Iapana iā Pearl Harbor. Manaʻo wau inā kūpono kēia!
ʻO ka huihana Volunteer Volunteer (1st Volunteer Group) (AVG) o ka Air Force, i kapaʻiaʻo Flying Tigers, ua hele mua me ka hoʻolālā a me ke aʻoʻana, ua hāʻawiʻia iā China ma mua o Pearl Harbor, aʻike mua i ka hakakāʻana ma ka lāʻo Dekemaba 20, 1941,ʻumikumamālua mau lā. (ka manawa manawa) ma hope o ka hōʻeaʻana o nā Kepani i Pearl Harbor.
Ma ka lā 31 o Mei, 1941, ma ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Keep America Out of War, ua hāʻawi ʻo William Henry Chamberlin i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo weliweli: "ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa o Iapana, ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hoʻouna ʻaila, no ka laʻana, e hoʻokuke iā Iapana i nā lima o ka Axi. he mea mua ke kaua no ka kaua moana a me ke kaua kaua." ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka poʻe kākoʻo maluhia ʻo ia ka nui o nā manawa i huli lākou i ka pololei.
I ka lā 24 o Iulai, 1941, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Roosevelt, "Inā mākou e ʻoki i ka ʻaila, ua iho paha [ke Kepani] i lalo i ka Dutch East Indies i hoʻokahi makahiki i hala, a ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kaua. manaʻo kūʻokoʻa no ka pale ʻana i ke kaua mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua ma ka Pākīpika Hema.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe nūhou ua ʻōlelo ʻo Roosevelt "ʻo" ma mua o "ʻo ia." I kekahi lā aʻe, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Roosevelt i kahi kauoha hoʻokō e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā waiwai Iapana. Ua ʻoki ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Beretania i ka ʻaila a me ka ʻōpala i Iapana. ʻO Radhabinod Pal, he loio India i lawelawe ma ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo hewa kaua ma hope o ke kaua, ua kapa ʻia nā embargo he "hoʻoweliweli maopopo a ikaika hoʻi i ke ola ʻana o Iapana," a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻonāukiuki iā Iapana.
Ma ka la 7 o Augate eha mahina ma mua o ka hoouka kaua ana Ka Pepa hoʻolahaʻo Japan i kākau: "ʻO ka mea mua, ua hana ʻia kahi superbase ma Singapore, i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e nā pūʻali koa Pelekane a me Empire. ka Pilipine ma o Malaya a me Burma, me ka loulou i haki wale ma ka peninsula o Thailand. I keia manawa, ua manaoia e hookomo i na haiki i ka hoopuni ana, a hiki i Rangoon."
Ma ka mahina o Sepatemaba, ua huhu ka poe nupepa Kepani i ka hoomaka ana o Amerika Huipuia e hoouna i ka aila mamua pono aku o Iapana a hiki i Rusia. ʻO Iapana, ua ʻōlelo kāna mau nūpepa, e make lohi ana i ka "kaua hoʻokele waiwai."
He aha ka mea a ka Moku'āinaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i manaʻo ai e loaʻa i ka loiloiʻana o ka moku ma mua o ka lāhui e nele i ka makemake?
I ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, e hana ana ka mākaʻikaʻi US ʻo Edgar Mower i ka hana no Konela William Donovan nāna i kiu iā Roosevelt. Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Mower me kahi kanaka ma Manila nona ka inoa ʻo Ernest Johnson, he lālā o ke Komisina Maritime, nāna i ʻōlelo ua manaʻo ʻo ia "E lawe ka Japs iā Manila ma mua o koʻu hiki ʻana i waho." I ka hōʻike ʻana o Mower i ka pīhoihoi, pane maila ʻo Johnson "ʻAʻole anei ʻoe i ʻike ua neʻe ka ʻauwaʻa ʻo Iap i ka hikina, e hoʻouka paha i ko mākou mau ʻauwaʻa ma Pearl Harbor?"
Ma ka lā 3 o Nowemapa, 1941, ua hoʻāʻo hou ko mākou ʻelele e kiʻi i kekahi mea ma o ka ʻūhā mānoanoa o kona aupuni, me ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi telegarapa lōʻihi i ke Keʻena Moku'āina e ʻōlelo ana e hiki i nā hoʻopaʻi hoʻokele waiwai ke koi iā Iapana e hana i ka "hara-kiri aupuni." Ua kākau ʻo ia: "ʻO kahi hakakā kaua me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hiki mai me ka pōʻino a me ka wikiwiki."
No ke aha wau e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai i ke poʻo o ka memo i hāʻawi ʻia iā Pelekikena George W. Bush ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Kepakemapa 11, 2001? "Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Bin Laden e hahau ma US"
ʻAʻohe mea ma Wakinekona i makemake e lohe i ka makahiki 1941. Ma ka lā 15 o Nowemapa, ua hōʻike ʻo Luna Nui o nā limahana ʻo George Marshall i ka poʻe media i kahi mea a mākou e hoʻomanaʻo ʻole ai ʻo "ka Marshall Plan." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomanaʻo iki. "Ke hoʻomākaukau nei mākou i ke kaua kū'ē iā Iapana," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Marshall, e noi ana i ka poʻe nūpepa e hūnā i ia mea, e like me kaʻu i ʻike ai ua hana pono lākou.
He ʻumi lā ma hope mai, kākau ʻo Kakauolelo Kaua Henry Stimson i kāna puke moʻolelo i hui ai ʻo ia ma ke Keʻena Oval me Marshall, Pelekikena Roosevelt, Kakauolelo o ka Navy Frank Knox, Adimarala Harold Stark, a me ke Kakauolelo o ka Moku'āina ʻo Cordell Hull. Ua haʻi aku ʻo Roosevelt iā lākou e hoʻouka koke ana ka poʻe Kepani, ma ka Pōʻakahi aʻe paha. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ua uhaʻi ʻo ʻAmelika i nā code o Iapana a ua hiki iā Roosevelt ke komo iā lākou. Ma muli o ke keakea ʻana i kahi leka i kapa ʻia ʻo Purple code i ʻike ai ʻo Roosevelt i nā manaʻo o Kelemania e hoʻouka kaua iā Rūsia. ʻO Hull ka mea nāna i hoʻokuʻu aku i kahi keakea Kepani i ka paʻi ʻana, i hopena i ka lā 30 o Nowemapa, 1941, poʻomanaʻo "Japanese May Strike Over Weekend."
ʻO ka Pōʻakahi aʻe ʻo Dekemaba 1, ʻeono lā ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻouka kaua. "ʻO ka nīnau," i kākau ai ʻo Stimson, "pehea mākou e hoʻololi ai iā lākou i ke kūlana o ke kī ʻana i ka pana mua me ka ʻole e ʻae i ka pōʻino nui iā mākou iho. He manaʻo paʻakikī ia." ʻO ia anei? ʻO kahi pane maopopo loa, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻauwaʻa ma Pearl Harbor a mālama i nā luina ma laila i ka pōʻeleʻele me ka huhū iā lākou mai nā keʻena ʻoluʻolu ma Wakinekona, DC ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka hopena i hele pū ai ko mākou mau koa lole lole.
I ka lā ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua, ua koho ʻo Congress i ke kaua. Ua kū hoʻokahi ʻo Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin (R., Mont.), ka wahine mua i koho ʻia i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo, a nāna i koho kūʻē i ke Kaua Honua I, i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke Kaua Honua II (e like me ke kū ʻana o Congresswoman Barbara Lee [D., Calif.] wale nō e kūʻē i ka hoʻouka ʻana iā Afghanistan 60 mau makahiki ma hope). Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ke koho balota, ma ka lā 8 o Dekemaba, 1942, ua kau ʻo Rankin i nā ʻōlelo lōʻihi i loko o ka Congressional Record e wehewehe ana i kona kūʻē. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka hana a kahi mea hoʻolaha Pelekania i hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka makahiki 1938 no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Iapana e lawe mai i ka United States i ke kaua. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo a Henry Luce ma Life magazine ma Iulai 20, 1942, i "ka Kina nona ka US i hāʻawi i ka ultimatum i lawe mai ma Pearl Harbor." Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hōʻike ma ka ʻaha ʻAkelanika ma ʻAukake 12, 1941, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Roosevelt iā Churchill e lawe mai ʻo ʻAmelika i ka hoʻokele waiwai e kau ai ma Iapana. "Ua haʻi wau," i kākau ai ʻo Rankin ma hope, "ka State Department Bulletin o Dekemaba 20, 1941, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka lā 3 o Kepakemapa ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi leka i Iapana e koi ana e ʻae i ke kumu o ka 'nondisturbance of the status quo in the Pacific. ' ka mea e koi ana i nā hōʻoiaʻiʻo no ka hewa ʻole o nā aupuni keʻokeʻo ma ka Hikina."
Ua ʻike ʻo Rankin ua loaʻa i ka Papa Hoʻokele waiwai nā hoʻopaʻi hoʻokele waiwai ma lalo o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka ʻaha ʻAkelanika. Ma ka lā 2 o Dekemaba, 1941, ua hōʻike ʻo New York Times, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua "ʻoki ʻia ʻo Iapana mai kahi 75 pakeneka o kāna kālepa maʻamau e ka blockade Allied." Ua haʻi pū ʻo Rankin i ka ʻōlelo a Lutanela Clarence E. Dickinson, USN, ma ka Pōʻaono ahiahi ʻo ʻOkakopa 10, 1942, ma ka lā 28 o Nowemapa, 1941, ʻeiwa mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ʻo Hope Adimarala William F. Halsey, Jr., (ʻo ia. o ka hua'ōlelo hopu "Kill Iaps! Kill Iaps!" ) ua hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻo iā ia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e "pana i lalo i nā mea a mākou i ʻike ai ma ka lewa a e pana i nā mea a mākou i ʻike ai ma ke kai."
Ua ʻae ʻo General George Marshall i ka ʻaha kūkā i ka makahiki 1945: ua haki ʻia nā code, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻAmelika i nā ʻaelike Anglo-Dutch-American no ka hana lokahi kūʻē iā Iapana a ua hoʻokō ʻia i mua o Pearl Harbor, ua hoʻolako ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. nā luna o kona pūʻali i Kina no ka hana kaua ma mua o Pearl Harbor. ʻAʻole ia he mea huna e lawe i ʻelua mau mana kaua e hoʻouka kaua (ʻaʻole like i ka wā e hoʻouka ai kekahi mana kaua i kahi mokuʻāina ʻole) a i ʻole ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kēia hihia i kēlā kānāwai. Ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi memo o ʻOkakopa 1940 na Lutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum e Pelekikena Roosevelt a me kona poʻe poʻokela ma lalo. Ua kāhea ʻo ia i ʻewalu mau hana a McCollum i wānana e alakaʻi i ka poʻe Kepanī e hoʻouka kaua, me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kahua kahua Pelekane ma Singapore a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kahua ʻo Dutch ma ka mea i kēia manawa ʻo Indonesia, e kōkua ana i ke aupuni Kina, e hoʻouna ana i kahi mahele o ka lōʻihi. nā moku holo moku nui i Pilipine a i Singapore paha, e hoʻouna ana i ʻelua mahele o nā moku moana i "ka Hikina," e mālama ana i ka ikaika nui o nā ʻauwaʻa ma Hawaii, me ke koi ʻana e hōʻole nā Dutch i ka ʻaila Iapana, a e hoʻokuʻu i nā kālepa āpau me Iapana me ka hui pū ʻana me ke aupuni Pelekane. .
I ka lā ma hope o ka memo a McCollum, ua haʻi aku ke Keʻena Moku'āina i nā ʻAmelika e haʻalele i nā lāhui hikina loa, a ua kauoha ʻo Roosevelt i nā ʻauwaʻa e mālama ʻia ma Hawaiʻi no ke kūʻē ikaika a Adimarala James O. Richardson i ʻōlelo ai i ka Pelekikena i ka ʻōlelo ʻana "Ma hope a ma hope paha e hana nā Kepani hana kūʻē iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a makemake ka lāhui e komo i ke kaua." ʻO ka ʻōlelo a Adimarala Harold Stark i hoʻouna aku ai iā Adimarala Kāne Kimmel i ka lā 28 o Nowemapa, 1941, penei, "Ina ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohou hou i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ka makemake o ʻAmelika e hana ʻo Iapana i ka hana mua loa." ʻO Joseph Rochefort, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka ʻāpana naʻauao kamaʻilio o ka Navy, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka haʻi ʻole ʻana iā Pearl Harbor i nā mea e hiki mai ana, e ʻōlelo ma hope: "He kumu kūʻai maikaʻi loa ia e uku ai no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻāina."
I ka pō ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ua hoʻokipa ʻo Pelekikena Roosevelt iā Edward R. Murrow o CBS News a me ka Luna Hoʻoponopono o ka ʻike ʻo Roosevelt ʻo William Donovan no ka ʻaina ahiahi ma ka Hale Keʻokeʻo, a ʻo nā mea a pau a ka Pelekikena i makemake ai e ʻike inā paha e ʻae ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ke kaua. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Donovan lāua ʻo Murrow iā ia e ʻae nā kānaka i ke kaua i kēia manawa. Ua haʻi aku ʻo Donovan i kāna mea kōkua ʻaʻole ʻo Roosevelt ka pīhoihoi o ka poʻe e hoʻopuni ana iā ia, a ʻo ia ʻo Roosevelt, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ka hoʻouka ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki iā Murrow ke hiamoe i kēlā pō a ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo ia no ke koena o kona ola ʻana e ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka moʻolelo nui loa o koʻu ola" āna i haʻi ʻole ai, akā ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia. I kekahi lā aʻe, ua haʻi ka Pelekikena i ka lā o ka hōʻino, ua hoʻolaha ka ʻAhaʻōlelo o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kaua Kumukānāwai hope loa ma ka moʻolelo o ka repubalika, a ua lilo ka Pelekikena o ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā Federal o nā Ekalesia, ʻo Kauka George A. Buttrick, i lālā o ʻo ka Hui Hoʻolauleʻa e hana ana e kūʻē i ke kaua.
No ke aha ia e pilikia? No ka mea ʻo ka mōʻī o Pearl Harbour, hoʻohana hou ʻia ma 9-11, nona ke kuleana no nā ʻōnaehana pro-war luku o nā 1920 a me nā 1930 i lawe ai i ke Kaua Honua II i kahi, akā ke kuleana no ka noʻonoʻo mau no ka kaua 71 mau makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi no ke piʻi ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua lōʻihi, a paʻa hoʻi.
"Hoʻopilikia i ka makahiki 1942," i kākau ai ʻo Lawrence S. Wittner, "e nā lono o nā hoʻolālā hoʻopau Nazi, ua hopohopo ʻo Jessie Wallace Hughan i kēlā ʻano kulekele, i ʻike ʻia 'kūlohelohe, mai kā lākou pathological point of view,' hiki ke hoʻokō inā ke Kaua Honua II. "Me he mea lā ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻopakele ai i nā tausani a me nā miliona paha o nā Iudaio ʻEulopa mai ka luku ʻia," i kākau ai ʻo ia, "ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ko mākou aupuni i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki" no ka 'armistice me ke ʻano ʻaʻole e hoʻomāinoino ʻia ka poʻe liʻiliʻi o ʻEulopa. Eia hou ... He mea weliweli loa ina eono mahina mai keia la aku e ike kakou ua hiki io mai keia hooweliweli me ka hana ole aku i kahi hana e pale aku ai.' I ka wā i hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ai kāna mau wānana i ka makahiki 1943, ua kākau ʻo ia i ke Keʻena Mokuʻāina a me ka New York Times, me ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo 'ua make ʻelua miliona [nā Iudaio] a ʻelua miliona mau mea e pepehi ʻia i ka hopena o ka makahiki. ke kaua.' Ua noi hou ʻo ia no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, ʻo ka lanakila ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Kelemania ka mea e hoʻopaʻi pololei ai i ke kao pio Iudaio.
Ua pepehi ʻo Hitler i nā miliona o ka poʻe Kelemania, akā ua pepehi ʻia nā hoa pili e like me ka nui a ʻoi aku paha, ua kauoha ʻia nā Kelemania i ke kaua e Hitler a i ʻole nā poʻe Kelemania i kahi hewa i ka wā i hāʻule ai nā pōpoki hui. A e like me kā Hughan i kuhikuhi ai i kēlā manawa, ʻo ke kaua i alakaʻi i ka luku ʻana, e like me ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ke kaua i hala he hapaha keneturi ma mua i hoʻoulu ai i ka huhū, ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka Hitlerism. Ma waho aʻe o ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kaua e ka poʻe kūʻē kūʻē ʻAmelika e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūʻē kīwila i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lāhui i loko o nā hale paʻahao US i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka lāhui ma waho o nā hale paʻahao i ka ʻimi ʻana o nā mea hoʻoikaika e hoʻohālikelike i kā lākou lanakila ma kahi ʻano nui. Akā, mai loko mai o kēlā mea ʻino loa a kā mākou ʻano i hana ai iā ia iho, ʻo ke Kaua Honua II, e hele mai ana ka hale ʻoihana koa mau loa. E hoʻonui mākou i ka mana e koho balota i nā poʻe ʻAmelika a ʻoiai, i loko o nā ʻakaʻaka ʻino loa, e hoʻololi ana i ke koho balota i ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka manaʻo ʻole. E pena mākou i kahi kapa hou o ka hoʻomākeʻaka nani i ko mākou aupuni democracy ʻoiai e hoʻokae ana i waho mai loko mai, e pani ana me kahi mīkini kaua i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka honua a ʻaʻole hiki ke ola.
Aia nā puke a David Swanson "ʻO Kaua ke Kaua." He blogs ma http://davidswanson.org a http://warisacrime.org a hanaʻo ia ma keʻano he Hoʻoponopono Kū'ē no ka hui kaiaulu pūnaewele http://rootsaction.org. He poʻe koa Kūkākūkā Nation Nation. E hahai iā ia ma Twitter: @davidcnswansona Palapala Kiʻi.
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