Ma ke kakahiaka waena o ʻApelila, ua hana nā haneli o nā limahana mai ke kikowaena hoʻokō Amazon's Browns Lane ma Coventry, ʻEnelani, i kahi picket ma waho o ka hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka puka mua. “He aha kā mākou makemake? £15! I ka manawa hea mākou e makemake ai? Ano!” oli lakou. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka wā kiʻekiʻe o ka hakakā ʻoihana i nā makahiki 1970, ua hōʻailona i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kai i nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻonohonoho i ka lua o ka ʻoihana waiwai nui o ka honua.
ʻElima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Amazon i kahi hale kūʻai ma Coventry, e kūkulu ana i kahi pūnaewele humongous i ka nui o nā kahua pōpeku ʻewalu. Hale noho ʻeiwa mau mile ʻO nā kāʻei conveyor a ma nā wahi āpau ma waena o ʻumikumamālua haneri a me ʻumikumamāwalu haneli limahana, e hilinaʻi ana i ka manawa o ka makahiki, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka pālākiō i ka hale hana kaʻa Jaguar i noho mua i ka pūnaewele.
ʻO Browns Lane kekahi o nā "keʻena cross-dock," a i ʻole nā kikowaena hoʻokō no nā kikowaena hoʻokō, ma UK, kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokele unionization ma ka pūnaewele. He iwakālua mau kikowaena hoʻokō ma waena o UK, a he kanalimakūmāhā hou aku ma ʻEulopa. Ma o kahi pūnaewele o nā subcontractors logistics a me nā limahana "flex" (kahi kahua hana gig-work no nā mea hoʻokele hana pilikino), hana lākou a hāʻawi i ka nui o nā waiwai. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka huli ʻana ma UK wale nō i ka £ 6 biliona me ka loaʻa kālā pretax ma luna £ 200 miliona. Hoʻohana ʻo Amazon UK Services Ltd ma luna kanalimakumamakahi tausani nā luna a me nā limahana hoʻokele a me kahi pūʻali o nā subcontractors hana ponoʻī. Na Amazon EU, i hoʻohui ʻia ma Luxembourg, he hoa mōʻī a me ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ma ʻEulopa.
ʻOkoʻa nā uku uku no nā limahana hale kūʻai Amazon ma ka wahi akā ʻo ka uku liʻiliʻi o ka hola ma waena £ 10.50 ame £ 11.45 ($13.24 a me $14.44). Ua kaulana ʻo Amazon no kāna hoʻohana ʻana nā mea kūʻē i ka uniona a me nā mea hana naʻauao ʻē aʻe e kūʻē i ka hana "hoʻonohonoho hoʻoweliweli." ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ke kumu i loaʻa ai i nā limahana ma Browns Lane ke manaʻo nei ʻo ia ka hale kūʻai i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo ia ka hale kūʻai mua o Amazon ma ka lāhui. Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o nā hakakā pale, ua hoʻi hou ka neʻe ʻana o nā uniona kālepa, me ka hui GMB ma Coventry paha kekahi o nā kuʻikahi hui hou e hiki mai ana.
Mai Motor City a i Ghost Town
ʻO ka paena Browns Lane kahi hihia i ka deindustrialization a me ka recomposition o ka ʻoihana UK. E like me nā hale mana ʻoihana he nui o ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka "makahiki gula" o Coventry me ka hana kaʻa, i hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki 1950 a me '60s. Kūkulu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hale hana malu o ke Kaua Honua II e ka Daimler Company Ltd, ua lawe ʻia ʻo Browns Lane e Jaguar Cars i ka makahiki 1951. elua tausani limahana a hiki i ka 2005.
ʻOiai i loko o Coventry ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka hale hana akā he ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana hana kaumaha e kū ana ma ka ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1960, ʻoi aku ma mua o kanawalukūmākahi tausani kānaka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā tractor, a me nā mokulele ma Coventry. ʻO ka Deindustrialization kahi kaʻina hana i hoʻopilikia i nā ʻoihana a pau o ʻEulopa Komohana mai ka 1950s ma mua.
Ua ʻae ʻo Beretania ma hope o ke kaua i kahi kulekele o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻoihana e hiki ai i ka ulu ʻana o kahi aupuni olakino democratic. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai Pelekane i ka hoʻokūkū honua e like me ke koena o ka honua i ka ʻenehana, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻololi hana, a me ka e hoʻopau ʻO ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina no ka ʻoihana i hoʻokūkū ʻia e ka poʻe fundamentalists makeke kūʻokoʻa a ʻo ka huli ʻana i ka monetarism ʻo ia ka mea i ka makahiki 1981, aia ʻo Coventry i kahi pilikia hoʻokele waiwai, me hoʻokahi o kāna mau kamaʻāina ʻaʻohe hana.
Ua holo nā kaʻa hope loa mai ka laina ʻekolu makahiki ma mua o Tata Motors, kahi hui multinational India, kūʻai iā Jaguar i 2008. hahau hope Aia ma ka pūnaewele i ka makahiki 2010, i ka manawa i komo ai nā lālā uniona ʻekolu haneri me kanalima Unite i kahi koho balota i koho ʻia ai he 66 pakeneka no ka hana ʻoihana. Ua lilo nā limahana a ua kūʻai mālie ʻia a wāwahi ʻia ke kahua. ʻAʻole naʻe e hiki koke mai ana ʻo Amazon, ka mea e holo ana ma ʻEulopa, a ʻike i nā manawa kūpono no ka loaʻa kālā i loko a i waena o nā ʻōpala. I ka makahiki 2017, ua kūʻai aku ka hui i ka pūnaewele Jaguar mua a kūkulu i kahi kanahā kaukani mika mika. hale ukana ma ka aina hookahi.
E like me nā wahi kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, ua ulu ʻo Coventry e alakaʻi nui ʻia e nā lawelawe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kula ʻelua ma ia wahi, akā i kēia manawa ʻo Amazon. A hoʻololi kanaka ua hele pū me kēia hoʻololi waiwai. Mai 2011 a 2021, ua hoʻonui ka heluna kanaka ma 8.9 pakeneka i kahi o 345,300. Ua piʻi ka heluna kanaka "ʻeleʻele, Pelekāne ʻeleʻele, Welsh ʻeleʻele, Caribbean, a i ʻole ʻApelika" mai 5.6 pakeneka i ka makahiki 2011 a i 8.9 pakeneka, ʻo ka piʻi nui loa o nā hui lāhui ma ia wahi. Ua piʻi aʻe ka "Asian, Asian British, or Asian Welsh" mai 16.3 pakeneka i 18.5 pakeneka.
Hōʻike ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o Coventry i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka papa hana ma waena o ka ʻāina a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā uniona kālepa ma kahi ākea. ʻO ka poʻe Pelekania keʻokeʻo ka hapa nui, e helu ana i ka 65.5 pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka ma 2021, akā ma ka hale kūʻai Amazon a ma ka picket ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻike ʻia.
ʻO nā limahana aʻu i hālāwai ai i ke kū ʻana i mua o nā kaʻa lawe kaʻa a me nā kaʻa e hoʻāʻo ana e komo i ka pūnaewele ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻole. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ka mea kū'ē i nā kiʻi clichéd "papa hana keʻokeʻo" e hoʻomau nei i ka noʻonoʻo moʻomeheu o ka ʻike ʻole i kapa ʻia he poʻe kākoʻo o ka ʻoihana hana. ʻAʻole i nalowale kēia hoʻololi demographic i ka GMB, nāna i aʻo a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā alakaʻi ma ke kikowaena hoʻokō, e neʻe ana i kahi kumu hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho o nā pilina ʻoihana.
Hoʻopiha Satanic pouli
ʻO ka mana o Amazon ma luna o kāna poʻe limahana e hilinaʻi i kāna hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana huli algorithmic. ʻO ia mau ʻōnaehana Taylorized kiʻekiʻe e paʻakikī i nā limahana ke hoʻonohonoho no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e wehewehe i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenehana. Manaʻo nā luna i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka uku hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka helu o nā pahu, nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana logistics. ʻO ka ʻike wale nō i kaʻana like ʻia e ka hoʻokele me nā limahana, ʻo ia ka ikaika o ka hana ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kā lākou mau hoa hana. ʻO ia ʻōnaehana opaque e paʻakikī loa i nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā kūlana hana a me ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka ʻoihana i kāna limahana.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka mea ʻohi, nona kāna kuleana e hōʻiliʻili i nā waiwai mai nā waihona waihona i mālama ʻole ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kēia pilikia. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mea ʻohi i nā kuhikuhi ma o kahi kikowaena data radio portable, a hiki i ka scanner ke hōʻike i kahi manawa e hōʻike ana i ka manawa e pono ai ka mea hana i ka huli ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia mea. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōnaehana algorithmic kahi i hele ʻole ai nā limahana i nā ala a keakea paha i ka holomua o kekahi. No laila, ua hoʻolei ʻia nā limahana o Amazon i loko o kahi kaiapuni hana kaʻawale a ʻokiʻoki ʻia, e hoʻopau ana i nā hana o kekona kekona i ko lākou mau neʻe ʻana, e hoʻoikaika ana e loaʻa i nā pahuhopu hana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomau.
Ua haku ʻo Michael Burawoy i ka huaʻōlelo "make out" e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā limahana hana e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou hana a me nā ʻōnaehana uku pāʻani. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopau ka ʻōnaehana Amazon i nā mana o nā limahana e hoʻokele a hoʻoponopono i kā lākou hana e like me ko lākou pono. ʻOkoʻa ka algorithm a me ka helu kuhi e ka nui o ka mea. Pono ka poʻe hana e mālama i kā lākou uku no ka ʻumi hola a aia lākou ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli mau ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo inā hāʻule lākou ma lalo o 10 pakeneka o ka hana a nā limahana ʻē aʻe. Wahi a Mick, he kanaka hana Amazon a me ka lālā GMB i makemake ʻole e hāʻawi i kona inoa maoli:
Hele mai nā luna me nā pepa i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka uku koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia lā. E haʻi mai iaʻu i ka pākēneka aʻu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā limahana ʻē aʻe, e ʻōlelo 60-70 pākēneka, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike iaʻu i koʻu wahi i ke kauoha a i ʻole nā helu piha no ka lā a nā poʻe i hana ai. He kanaono a kanahiku ka nui ke ano ole ke ike ole oe i ka 100 pakeneka. ʻAʻole lākou e haʻi maoli iā ʻoe. Hoʻololi ka pahuhopu i kēlā me kēia lā no ka loli ʻana o ka algorithm, a ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi maoli iā mākou i ke ʻano o kēlā algorithm.
Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i nā limahana ke uhaki i ka algorithm ma ka lohi ʻana, akā paʻakikī ke kaupaona ʻana o nā mea like ʻole. Me ka ʻole o kahi uniona e kūʻai aku no ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana a me nā ana o ka ʻoihana, ua kaupalena nā limahana i ka leverage. E hāʻawi ka ʻaelike kūkākūkā hui iā lākou i ka mana e hoʻihoʻi i ka mana o kā lākou kaʻina hana a wāwahi i ka paʻa o ka algorithm i ko lākou manawa. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana, akā e hoʻoikaika pū i ka nui o ka hōʻeha ma ka hana.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mea huna i ka manaʻo o Amazon e pili ana i nā limahana a me ko lākou palekana i ka maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo nā moʻolelo mai nā limahana ponoʻī e haʻalulu. ʻAʻole mālama ʻo Amazon i ke olakino o kā lākou limahana hana. ʻO nā kipa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa i ka pūnaewele e ʻike pinepine ai ka poʻe paramedic i nā limahana ma ka inoa. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Management iā Mick, ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa, no ka hoʻopunipuni a hōʻole ʻo ia i ka uku, ʻoiai ʻo ia "ma kona moe make" i ka wā i haʻalele ai i kāna hana no ke ʻoki. Ua hōʻole ka ʻōnaehana HR automated o Amazon i kahi leka mai ka haukapila e wehewehe ana i kona kūlana no ka mea ua hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻae wale i nā leka mai kahi GP i loaʻa ka lā hoʻi e hana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi ma muli o kāna mālama maʻi kanesa.
He mea maʻamau ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka pono o ka limahana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mick, "aia kā lākou mau ʻōlelo a lākou i ʻōlelo maoli ai ʻo ke kulekele Amazon, akā he ʻōnaehana pahu tick wale nō ia," he nui nā luna i "hou mai ke kulanui, ʻaʻole i hana i kekahi o kēia mau mea i ka wā ma mua," a ua ʻōlelo lākou. "ʻaʻole makemake e noʻonoʻo" a "e hahai wale i ke kamepiula." ʻOi aku ma mua o kekahi mau limahana i ʻōlelo ʻia "e hoʻomau ka hoʻokele e hoʻopili i nā mea iā ʻoe e pilikia ai ʻoe."
Eia nō naʻe, ke huli nei ke au i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika o ka hui. Loaʻa i nā limahana ke kuleana kānāwai e lawe i kahi ʻelele GMB i kēlā me kēia hālāwai me ka hoʻokele a manaʻo nui e kū i luna no lākou iho e ʻōlelo "ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia - ke uhaki nei ʻoe i nā ʻano kānāwai āpau ma aneʻi."
Hoʻi hou ka Union i ka ʻāina ʻeleʻele
I ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia ai ka pilikia o ke ola ʻana o UK i ka poʻe hana i ka wā e haki ai i ka hapa lua o 2022 a i 2023, hāʻawi ʻo Amazon i nā penikala ma ka paona, ʻoiai ka loaʻa kālā. Wahi a Rachel, he mea hoʻonohonoho uniona GMB, "ʻo ia ka ʻino maikaʻi loa." Ua hana nui nā limahana Amazon, hālāwai a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou mau pahuhopu, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā bonus ma muli o ka hopena. Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ka poʻe hana he pono lākou i ka uku ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻonui kālā o UK - no ka meaʻai, ke kinoea, a me ka uila, ʻo nā helu hoʻonui he 19, 28.1 a me 18.8 pakeneka. ʻOiai ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o Amazon a ʻo Jeff Bezos kekahi o nā kānaka waiwai loa o ka honua, ʻaʻole lawa ka uku i hāʻawi ʻia i nā limahana.
ʻO ka pūnaewele Amazon ma Tilbury, Essex, ua ʻike mua i ka hana hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole, ma mua o ka laha ʻana o ka haunaele ma ka ʻāina ma o Rugby, Rugeley, Doncaster, Bristol, a i kēia manawa me ka ikaika loa, Coventry. Ma Coventry, ʻo ka uku ke kumu koʻikoʻi i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hele ʻana o nā limahana i ʻAukake 2022. Ua hāʻawi ka hui i nā limahana uku liʻiliʻi ma waena o 20 a me 40 pence ($0.25 a me $0.50) i kēlā me kēia ʻApelila i nā makahiki i hala, akā ma 2022, ʻaʻohe piʻi o ka uku - he ʻōlelo hoʻohiki wale no ka loiloi i ʻOkakopa.
I ka manawa i hāʻawi aku ai ka hui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku o 50p ($0.63) i ʻAukake, ua hoʻoholo nā limahana ua lawa lākou. Ua ʻike ʻo Mick a me kāna mau hoa hana i kēia hāʻawi ʻino loa no ka mea, "ʻo nā kumukūʻai ma ka hale! ʻO nā mea a pau, nā uku paneʻe, nā kumukūʻai petrol, nā kumukūʻai meaʻai, ua piʻi nā mea a pau. Ke pepehi nei ʻoe iā mākou i ke kumu kūʻai o ka noho ʻana ma ʻaneʻi!” I ka pane ʻana, hele nā limahana hale kūʻai i ka hale ʻaina, hōʻuluʻulu i kā lākou mau hoa hana a hele i waho. E like me kā Rachel, kahi mea hoʻonohonoho GMB i ʻōlelo ai:
Ua hoʻoholo wale ka poʻe paʻahana e hoʻopaʻa i kēia ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa wildcat. A laila, ma o ka uia pūnaewele, e laha wale ana ma nā kikowaena hoʻokō like ʻole a ma waena o UK - ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau lā i ʻAukake 2022 kahi i hele ai nā kānaka, ʻike ʻoe, e hele ana a paʻa i nā kūʻē. A ʻo ka mea i hana ʻia, aia kekahi mau lālā i hele mai iā mākou.
Ma mua o ka wildcat, aia wale nō ma kahi o iwakālua a kanakolu mau limahana i hui mua i ka hui GMB a hiki i ka uniona no ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia uku. ʻAʻole naʻe i mau ka hahau ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā limahana ke ʻoki i ka uku. A laila, komo ka uniona e hāʻawi kālā i nā limahana mai ke kālā hoʻopaʻapaʻa a, e like me kā Mick i ʻōlelo mai ai iaʻu, "Mai ia manawa, ua ulu nā helu."
I ka wā i kāhea aku ai ka GMB i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūhelu mua, he ʻelua haneli wale nō kā lākou mau lālā, akā ua ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o ka pālua ʻana ma mua o 700 mau limahana mai ka 1,250 ma kahi o ka pūnaewele Browns Lane. Ua kiʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā limahana ma ka laina picket, hoʻokuʻu i nā kaʻa ma waena o ke ala komo a kau inoa iā lākou me ka app lālā o ka GMB no ka hāʻawi pololei ʻana i ka uku hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōnaehana US e koi ana i ka uwao ma o ka uku uku o ka mea hana.
"E ʻōlelo mai ka poʻe ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hahau ma kahi hana ʻike ʻole ʻia," wahi a Rachel. "Akā hiki iā ʻoe." Ke waiho nei ka GMB no ʻike kānāwai a e loaʻa paha ia, e kūkulu ana i ka manawa ma ke ʻano o ka nalu ākea o ka hui ʻana ma ka ʻāina. ʻO nā limahana Amazon ma ka JFK8 Amazon hoʻokō kikowaena ma Staten Island lanakila balota e hui pū ma o ka National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ma ʻApelila 1, 2022. Ua ʻike ʻo ʻEulopa i nā hōʻeha no nā makahiki he ʻumi ma Kelemānia, Farani, Italia, Polani, a me Sepania. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka hoʻokele e pale iā ia no nā makahiki, ua hoʻokumu ʻia he kanakolukumamālima mau ʻelele limahana ma ʻEulopa a me ka hoʻokele Amazon. ʻAha Hana Hana ʻEulopa ma ka lā 16 o Mei, 12, 2022.
ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā hale kūʻai Amazon ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ʻAkelanika e kūʻē i nā manaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa lanakila e koi nei i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua i hiki ʻole ke lanakila i nā limahana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huahana mai ka lawelawe logistics Amazon a ma o ka ikaika o ka hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hiki ke hāʻawi hou ʻia i mea e pono ai nā limahana.
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