ʻO Shaped By War ka hōʻikeʻike nui loa o ke ola a me ka hana a Don McCullin, ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā mea paʻi kiʻi nui loa o ka wā ma hope o ke kaua.
Hānau ʻia i Ladana ʻĀkau i ka makahiki 1935, ʻo nā hoʻomanaʻo mua a McCullin ʻo The Blitz a me ka haʻalele ʻana. No kāna ʻoihana Lahui i ka waena o 50s āna i huakaʻi ai Suez, Kenia a Kupelo, e hana ana ma ke ano he Kokua Kii. Ma hope koke iho o kona hoʻi ʻana i ka home, ua kiʻi ʻia kāna mau kiʻi o kahi hui kūloko e The Observer a me nā haʻawina iā ia Pelelina a me ke kaua kīvila ma Kupelo a hahai.
ʻOiai ʻo McCullin e hoʻomau i ka hana ma nā wahi wela o ke kaua e like me ʻO Biafra, 'O Northern Ireland, Kamabodia a Lepanona, ʻo ia Vietnam e pili mau ana ia. I kēia manawa e hana ana no ka Sunday Times Magazine, ua hana ʻo McCullin i kāna huakaʻi mua i laila i ka makahiki 1965, a e hoʻi hou ana i ʻumikumamāhā mau hana hou. Me nā daredevils e like me Tim Page a me Larry Burrows, ʻo McCullin, e hana kokoke wale ana i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, lawe i nā kiʻi he nui i hele mai e wehewehe i ka hakakā.
ʻO ke kikowaena o ka hōʻikeʻike ʻo kāna hana mai nā lā he ʻumikumamākolu āna i hoʻohana ai me nā US Marines ma ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Hue i ka makahiki 1968 i ka wā o ka pīhoihoi Tet Offensive. ʻO kēia mau kiʻi "ʻo ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ikaika loa aʻu i lawe ai i koʻu ola", wahi a McCullin i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni he 30 mau minuke. Hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka wehewehe ʻana pehea i haʻalele ai ʻo ia i ka "pupule nui" o ka hakakā lima a me ka lima. Hōʻike nā kiʻi i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo weliweli - mai kāna kiʻi kaulana o kahi koa ʻAmelika i hoʻopuʻihaʻi ʻia i kāna kī ʻana i kahi Marine ʻeha i kōkua ʻia e nā hoa hana ʻelua, ka mea i hoʻomanaʻo iā McCullin i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o Iesu Kristo mai ke keʻa.
I loko o ka hōʻikeʻike aia kahi kū'ē kū'ē i ka pāʻani. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻōlelo ʻo McCullin makemake ʻo ia "e lilo i leo o ka poʻe ma kēia mau kiʻi". Hōʻike maoli kāna hana i ka hoihoi i nā poʻe kīwila i hōʻeha ʻia i ke kaua. He mikiona hanohano keia, aka, he hoikeike o ka pahu koa Amerika McCullin i komo ai Vietnam hōʻike i kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo pilikia - ʻo kāna defacto e hoʻokomo pū me nā pūʻali US. Ma ke ʻano o kona palekana pilikino, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia a ʻo ia wale nō paha ke ala e hiki ai iā ia ke komo i ke kahua kaua. Eia naʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hapa nui o kāna mau kiʻi mai Vietnam ʻo - a lawe ʻia mai ka manaʻo o - nā koa US. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aloha, ka hopohopo a me ka nānā ʻana o ka mea nānā me ka ʻaoʻao ʻAmelika, ma mua o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka Vietnamese iā lākou. He pilikia nui kēia inā hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ka helu o ka make no ke kaua: 58,000 mau pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma waena o ʻelua a ʻehā miliona Vietnamese, pūʻali koa a me ke kīwila, make.
Ma hope o ke ola, ua hoʻomaka ka kaulana o McCullin e pale i kona hiki ke hoʻokokoke i ka hana, ʻo kāna mau hoʻāʻo e kākau i ke Kaua Afghan a me ke Kaua Falklands i pau i ka hāʻule. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka nūpepa ʻo Sunday Times a me ka hakakā ʻana i ke kaumaha, ka luhi kaua a me ke ola pilikino pilikia, i ka makahiki 90 ua huli ʻo ia i ke kiʻi ʻāina a me nā kiʻi kiʻi. “Ua lilo koʻu mau ʻāina i ʻano noʻonoʻo. Ua ho'ōla maoli lākou i koʻu ʻeha, koʻu hewa, mai nā mea aʻu i ʻike ai", wahi a ia ma ka kikokikona e pili ana.
I ka haʻi ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ke ola kupaianaha i komo pū ʻia i loko o nā hakakā he nui o ka hopena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hōʻike ʻo Shaped By War iā ia iho he hōʻikeʻike hoihoi a koʻikoʻi. E haʻalele paha ka poʻe kipa o nā manaʻo politika āpau me ka mahalo nui iā McCullin a me nā mea paʻi kiʻi kaua ʻē aʻe e hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou ola e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea weliweli o ke kaua hou. ʻO ka mea kahiko o ke Kaua Honua ʻEkahi ʻo Harry Patch, nāna i paʻi kiʻi ʻia e McCullin ma mua o kona make ʻana, loaʻa iā ia kāna ʻike ponoʻī e pili ana i ka pilikia: "Ua hoʻonohonoho ke kaua i ka pepehi kanaka, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe".
Shaped By War holo a hiki 15 April 2012. ʻO ke komo ʻana he £7 no nā mākua, £6 no nā ʻae. www.iwm.org.uk.
* He mea kākau manuahi ʻo Ian Sinclair i hoʻokumu ʻia ma London, UK. [pale ʻia ka leka uila] a http://twitter.com/#!/IanJSinclair
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