Hoʻohewa ʻo Estación Libre a me Project 169 i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻino ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas. ʻAʻole i like kēia kūlana hou i ke ʻano o nā coincidences maʻalahi akā ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka ʻōnaehana a nā mokuʻāina a me nā aupuni pekelala o Mexico e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka Zapatista Army of National Liberation a wehe i ke ala no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana neoliberal ma Southern Mexico.
ʻO ka moʻolelo pono kanaka a Pablo Salazar
Mai ka wā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ai ʻo Pablo Salazar ma ke ʻano he kiaʻāina o Chiapas i Dekemaba, 2000, a ʻoiai ʻo kāna hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka honua e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻē aʻe, ua hana hewa kāna alakaʻi i nā pono kanaka o ka campesino a me nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi a puni ka mokuʻāina. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau hewa i ka lā 6 o Pepeluali, 2001 i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa hewa ʻole ai nā pūʻali koa State Public Security ma luna o 200 mau campesino ʻōiwi mai ka ʻāpana o Ixtapa ma hope o ko lākou haʻi ʻana iā lākou iho he 'Autonomous Municipality.' ʻO ka nui o kēia mau hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻia he mau mahina a he 16 o ka poʻe i paʻa mua ʻia ʻo Ixtapa, ka poʻe i kēia manawa i ka hui paʻahao politika ʻo La Voz de La Dignidad Rebelde, e noho paʻahao ana ma Cerro Hueco (ka hale paʻahao waena o ka mokuʻāina aia ma Tuxtla Gutiérrez).
Inā mau nā kānalua e pili ana i ke ʻano mana o Salazar ma hope o kēia mau hanana, ua hoʻomaha ʻia lākou ma hope koke iho. Ma Iulai 27th, 2001 ma luna o 500 State Public Security pūʻali, i hui pū ʻia me nā mea mai ka pūʻali koa Mekiko, hoʻouka i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Marques de Comillas, Ejido Barrio San Jose, me 5 mau helikopter a me 16 mau kaʻa koa. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 63 mau campesino ʻōiwi, me 6 mau kahua kākoʻo Zapatista, 14 mau ʻōpio, a me hoʻokahi kanaka ʻelemakule nāwaliwali.
Hoʻokahi pule ma hope mai, ua wikiwiki ʻo Pablo Salazar i nā hoʻololi i ke Kānāwai Hoʻopaʻi ʻo Chiapas e ʻae i nā mākaʻi hoʻokolokolo mokuʻāina (PJGE) e paʻi i nā kelepona a nānā i nā waihona waihona kālā a me nā ʻoihana waiwai o nā mea i kānalua ʻia no ka hui hewa.
I kēia mau lā, ma ka lā 8 o Malaki o kēia makahiki, e like me ka manaʻo o WTO no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kope kope, ua kauoha ʻo Salazar i nā haneli o nā pūʻali koa State Public Security i loko o nā mākeke o San Cristobal de las Casas e hopu i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā disc pirated compact. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua hoʻohana ʻo Public Security i ka ikaika e kūʻē i ka poʻe kūʻai kūʻai ʻōiwi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o 50 o lākou.
Nā Kuleana Kuleana Kanaka Hou loa: He Hoʻololi i ka Papahana
No hoʻokahi makahiki, ua maopopo nā hana a ke aupuni mokuʻāina ʻaʻole he loli nui ma lalo o ka hoʻokele ʻana o Salazar e pili ana i ka mālama nui ʻana (a i ʻole ka nele) a me ka mahalo i nā pono kanaka ma Chiapas. Eia naʻe, i nā mahina i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻololi ke aupuni i kāna hoʻolālā i nā hana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa pono i nā kaiāulu Zapatista a me ka poʻe i komo i kā lākou pale kānāwai.
Ua hoʻomaka kēia nalu hope loa o ka uhaki pono kanaka ma Ianuali 16th ma ke kaiāulu o 'Egipto' kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā mea aloha 2 Zapatista, hahau ʻia, a hoʻopiʻi wahaheʻe ʻia no ke komo ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa e nā lālā a me nā mana o ka PRI. I ka lā aʻe, ua hana hou ʻia nā hana like i ke kaiāulu o 'San Juan' kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ʻekolu mau mea aloha Zapatista no ka hewa like. I kēlā lā hoʻokahi, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau mea aloha 3 Zapatista, nā mea āpau mai ka Autonomous Municipality o Ricardo Flores Magón, i ke keʻena o ke Kuhina Aupuni ma Palenque kahi i hoʻomāinoino ʻia e nā luna aupuni. Ma hope o ko lākou hoʻomāinoino ʻia ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou i Tuxtla Gutiérrez kahi i paʻa ʻia ai lākou 'incomunicado' mai ko lākou mau ʻohana a me ka mea mālama pono kanaka no nā lā 5.
ʻO ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa a me ka politika o kēia mau paʻa a me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i nā ʻatikala 'hoʻopaʻa hale' o ke Code Penal Chiapan i hiki ai i ke aupuni o Pablo Salazar ke hoʻopaʻa i kēia mau kāne no nā lā he kanaono me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā lākou. I kēia manawa, keʻakeʻa mau nei nā luna aupuni i kā lākou pale kānāwai a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi iā lākou i manawa e hōʻike i kā lākou hihia i ka ʻaha. ʻOiai ʻo ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network, Amnesty International, a me ka World Organization against Torture i hōʻole i kēia mau hana, ʻaʻohe hana hoʻopiʻi i lawe ʻia no ka hoʻomāinoino a me nā paʻa kānāwai i hana ʻia ma kēia hihia. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i ka Community Defender e mālama nei i kēia hihia, ʻo Francisco Cruz Pérez, ka nui o nā mea hoʻoweliweli e kūʻē i kona olakino.
Ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā hoʻouka kaua a ke aupuni mokuʻāina i ka lā ma hope o ka Loio Kuleana Kanaka a me ke kākāʻōlelo ʻo Chiapas Community Defenders Network, ʻo Miguel Angel de Los Santos, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo nā kāne ʻelima i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei he 5 wale nō o 21 mau paʻahao politika Zapatista hou. Ma hope o kēia ʻōlelo, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Pablo Salazar i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pono o De Los Santos wale nō, akā ʻo ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network (ma kahi o hoʻokahi manaʻo i kēlā me kēia lā no hoʻokahi pule). ʻO nā hoʻouka kaua a ke aupuni mokuʻāina he mea weliweli loa ia no ka mea ua hana mua kēia mau mea pale ma lalo o ka pilikia pilikino koʻikoʻi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua koi ʻia ʻo Ramón Peñate Daaz, Francisco Cruz Pérez, a me Miguel Angel de Los Santos o ka Defenders Network. noi i ke Komisina Interamerican no ka pale kūikawā. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā mea pale pono kanaka, a ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo De Los Santos, ʻaʻole ia he mea hou, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hoʻoweliweli i hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā ia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'A Place Called Chiapas.'
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka Paramilitary a me nā hoʻouka kaua hou ma nā kahua kākoʻo EZLN
ʻAʻole i kūpono, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā hoʻouka kaua paramilitary a me nā hana kānāwai kumu ʻole a nā aupuni kūloko ma waena o ka mokuʻāina.
Mai ka hopena o Feberuari, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kaona ʻo Tila (he ʻāina e hakakā nei mai ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Zedillo) i ka hana paramilitary. Ua hoʻopuka hewa ʻole ka luna kānāwai o Tila i nā palapala hopu e kūʻē i 7 mau kumu kākoʻo EZLN, me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā lākou, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻana, ʻo lākou nā alakaʻi o ka hui paramilitary Paz y Justicia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki, ua hoʻomaka nā lālā o Paz y Justicia e hoʻoweliweli mau i ka poʻe kākoʻo Tila EZLN. Ma ke kaiāulu kokoke o Nueva Revolución, ua hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi pūʻulu ikaika me nā mea kaua kiʻekiʻe i ka poʻe kākoʻo EZLN.
Ua hoʻonui pū ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa Paramilitary ma waena o ke kaona. Ma Wilis, ma kahi o 14 ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa paramilitary a ma Colonia Ocotal, ua hana like kekahi hui o nā kānaka. Ma Nueva Esperanza, ua hoʻomaka kekahi alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Paz y Justicia e hoʻonohonoho i nā poʻe hou i loko o nā pūʻulu paramilitary me ka ʻole o ka hopena mai nā mākaʻi kūloko. Ua hana ʻia kēia mau hana a pau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā hui pono kanaka i koi aku iā Pablo Salazar e hana i nā hana hoʻopiʻi kūʻē i kēia mau hui paramilitary no nā makahiki ʻehiku o ka weliweli a lākou i hoʻokau ai ma kēia wahi.
Ma kahi kokoke i San Cristobal de las Casas, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiāulu o Mitzitón. Ma ka la 4 o Maraki, ua puhi aku ka poe euanelio PRIISTA i ke ahi ma kekahi hale a puhi hou aku i ekolu. ʻAʻole hiki i ka nūpepa kūloko a me nā mākaʻi ke noiʻi pono i nā hanana, me ka hoʻopiʻi wahaheʻe ʻana iā Zapatista e aloha ana i ka poʻe ʻāina kaiāulu me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia, no laila e hāʻawi ana i kahi kumu no ka lehulehu o nā mākaʻi palekana lehulehu e noho ma waho o ko lākou kaiāulu.
Ma Malaki 1, ma Salto de Agua, Palenque he pūʻulu koa PRI 'nalo' kekahi lālā o kā lākou hui, i ʻike ʻia ua make i ʻekolu pule ma hope. Ma muli o ka noi ʻana o kahi lālā PRI i ke kōkua mai ka Makai Hoʻokolokolo, ua komo ke Kuhina Aupuni i ke kaiāulu kūʻokoʻa me nā kaʻa ʻehā e 'noi'. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea hōʻike ʻo kekahi Priista ka mea hope loa i ʻike ʻia me ke kanaka nalowale.
ʻO nā mea kākoʻo EZLN ma Morelia, aia ma ka Autonomous Municipality 17 de Noviembre, i kēia manawa e ʻeha nei i nā hōʻeha kino e Priistas. Ma ka lā 16 o Malaki, ua haʻi aku nā pūʻali koa PRI i ka poʻe kākoʻo EZLN ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā kiʻi wikiō a me nā mea lekiō e ka pūʻali koa Mekiko e nānā i kā lākou hana. Ma ka lā Malaki 19, ua hoʻoweliweli maoli nā lālā o ka hui paramilitary e pepehi i nā kumu kākoʻo o Zapatista a me nā mea nānā pono kanaka haole ma ia wahi. I kēlā ahiahi ua komo nā lālā paramilitary i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua a ʻo nā pūʻali koa PRI i 'aʻo' i nā wahine Zapatista e hele mai nā koa. I kekahi lā ma hope mai, ua uhaʻi nā pūʻali koa PRI a me nā lālā paramilitary i kahi pahupaʻiwikiō a Defender, a ua hōʻeha i nā kākoʻo EZLN a me nā mea nānā pono kanaka me nā pōhaku a me nā lāʻau. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua hahau nui nā pūʻali koa PRI i kahi kanaka ʻōpio a hahau me ka pōhaku i kahi wahine ʻelemakule ma kona home ponoʻī. ʻAʻohe hana mākaʻi i hana i kēia mau hoʻouka kaua.
Ma Malaki 23, ma ke kaiāulu kokoke o RancherÃa de Nantze, ma kahi o 19 Priistas i puʻunaue i nā mea kaua a komo i nā mākaʻikaʻi pō kaua - hou me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole.
I kekahi lā ma hope mai, ma ke kaiāulu o Javier López i loko o ke kaona ʻokoʻa o Francisco Gómez, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ko lākou manaʻo e lawe aku i nā ʻāina kaiāulu i hana ʻia e nā poʻe kākoʻo EZLN ma ke kaiāulu, ua hōʻeha kino nā lālā o ORCAO i nā mea kākoʻo EZLN, a hōʻeha loa i kahi wahine. me ke koi. Ma hope mai, lawe mai lākou i mau lālā hou e hoʻoweliweli i nā kumu kākoʻo o EZLN; hou me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻonui ʻia nā hana Makai a me nā Koa
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui nui ʻia o ka hana paramilitary, ua neʻe hou ka Federal Army - ma lalo o ke kauoha a Pelekikena Vicente Fox ' me nā mākaʻi Federal, Preventive, Judicial a me State, e noho i kekahi mau kaiāulu ma ka ʻāina ʻo Zapatista.
Ma Malaki 1, 2002 ma ke kaiāulu o Jolnixtie, Municipality o Tila, 120 mau mea o ka Federal Army, me 4 convoys a me hoʻokahi kaʻa hummer, noho ma nā alanui a nīnau i nā kamaʻāina e pili ana i kahi o nā kaiāulu ʻē aʻe, ko lākou mamao mai Jolnixtie, a nā hana a nā campesinos kūloko. Mai ia manawa, ua hana ka pūʻali koa, me nā mea o ka Federal Judicial a me nā mākaʻi mokuʻāina, i nā mākaʻi i ke kaiāulu i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua. Ke hoʻomau nei lākou e noho i nā kula ma Jolnixtie a me Emiliano Zapata.
Eia kekahi, ma ka lā 30 o Malaki ma ke kaiāulu o Nueva Esperanza, ma ke kaona ʻokoʻa o Vicente Guerrero, ua komo nā mea he 10 o ka mākaʻi Public Security i ke kaiāulu e hoʻoweliweli ana i nā kamaʻāina a hoʻoweliweli e hoʻi me nā pūʻali koa hou.
Ua piʻi kānalua ka ikaika o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi ma ka mokuʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Pablo Salazar i ka hui ʻo Chiapas Community Defenders Network. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia hanana o ka hana paramilitary ua ʻae ʻia e nā luna kūloko a me ka mokuʻāina, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻole pinepine ʻana e ka Community Defenders Network, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana hewa ʻole nā aupuni kūloko i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni e hoʻopuka i nā palapala hopu e kūʻē i nā kumu kākoʻo EZLN, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoikaika pū ʻana ma ka ʻāpana o nā pūʻulu paramilitary, nā luna aupuni anti-Zapatista, a me nā mea o ka mākaʻi a me ka pūʻali koa, e kākoʻo i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Pablo Salazar i ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōiwi mai ka Montes Azules Bioreserve: 'Chronicle of a Disaster Foretold'
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, ua hoʻololi hou ka mokuʻāina a me nā aupuni pekelala i kā lākou hoʻolālā (i ʻōlelo hou ʻia e like me ka lā 4 ʻApelila e ka Coordinator of Montes Azules Bioreserve, Alejandro Lopez Portillo, a i ʻōlelo ʻia ma 'El Diario de Chiapas.') e hoʻoneʻe ma luna o 1,500 ʻohana Chol, Tojolobal, Tseltal, a me Tzotzil mai ka Montes Azules Bioreserve. ʻO ka hopena, ua hōʻole nā kaiāulu i ka Autonomous Municipality o Ricardo Flores Magon (aia ma ka bioreserve) i nā overflights mau, incursions, a me nā convoys o ka pūʻali koa Mekiko a me nā Federal Preventive Police ma ka bioreserve a me ko lākou mau kaiāulu.
I ka makahiki 1972, ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Pelekikena Luis Echeverria i ia manawa he 614,000 ʻeka o ka wao nahele ʻo Lacandon i kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā Indians Carib mai Campeche (ʻo ia ka mea i hele ma ka inoa ʻo Lacandons). Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻāina i nā 'Lacandons' ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā koi hoʻokūkū no ka ʻāina ma ia wahi i waiho mua ʻia e nā hui ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe (me ka nui o nā heluna kanaka).
Ma ka lā 12 o Kepakemapa, 2001, ua mālama ka 'Lacandons' i kahi hālāwai paʻi nui a me ke kōkua o nā kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e Conservation International (he hui 'environmental' e loaʻa ke kākoʻo kālā mai McDonalds, Pulsar Group, Ford a me Intel, ma waena o nā hui ʻē aʻe) , ua koi lākou e hoʻoneʻe koke a mau loa i nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi pili kokoke. Ua hoʻohana ke aupuni i kēia mau koi i mea e hoʻololi ai i kā lākou hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻokuʻu i ka poʻe ʻōiwi mai ka Lacandon Jungle a wehe i kēia wahi no nā papahana bio-prospecting nui a me nā hoʻopukapuka haole, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mea e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka Plan Puebla Panama (e nānā aʻe. pauku).
Ua hoʻohana ke aupuni Mekiko i ka pilikia o Montes Azules ma ke ʻano he manawa nui e kūʻē pololei i ka EZLN, nona nā kaiāulu kākoʻo i ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 o nā kaiāulu 35 i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o kēia mau kaiāulu he hōʻailona ia i ka lanakila pololei o ke aupuni neoliberal ma luna o ke kūʻokoʻa ʻōiwi. Hāʻawi pū ia i ka pūʻali koa Mekiko i ka pono kūpono maoli o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka puka ʻākau i loko o ka nahele ʻo Lacandon.
No kēia mau kumu, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi i loko o ka Montes Azules Bioreserve i loaʻa a hoʻomau i ka hōʻole e haʻalele i ko lākou ʻāina. No laila, ʻo ke koi ʻana o ka mokuʻāina a me nā aupuni pekelala no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana a me kā lākou piʻi hou ʻana o nā hana i ka holomua o kēia hopena ua hoʻokumu i kahi kūlana pahū i hiki ke kū pololei ma waena o nā tausani o ka poʻe kamaʻāina ʻo Lacandon Jungle a me ka pūʻali koa Mekiko.
Plan Puebla Panama
ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nahele ʻo Lacandon i loko o kahi hakahaka; ua lilo lākou i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā aupuni Mekiko e hoʻokō i kā lākou neoliberal megaproject i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Plan Puebla Panama.' Ua hoʻopuka mua ʻo Pelekikena Vicente Fox i kekahi mau ʻōlelo hoʻolaha e makemake ana ʻo ia e hōʻole i nā neʻe ʻōiwi o ka hema o Mexico i mea e hoʻokō ai i kāna 'Plan.' Ma Iune 14, 2001, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia 'ʻO ka Plan Puebla Panama he hoʻokahi tausani manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o Zapatismo, a i ʻole kekahi kaiāulu ʻōiwi ma Chiapas.'
ʻOiai ʻo ka Plan Puebla Panama he mau kaukani mau papahana liʻiliʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Central America, ʻo ka huina holoʻokoʻa o kēia 'Plan' e loaʻa i ka hopena o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōiwi o Southern Mexico i ko lākou kuleana ma ke ʻano he poʻe ʻōiwi. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā wai wai wai he nui (42 i loko o ke kahua hakakā wale nō), nā alanui, nā mines gula a me ka uranium, nā kahua no ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻaila, nā pālima ʻApelika a me nā mea kanu eucalyptus, ka laikini ʻana i nā hui multinational e komo i ka bioprospecting a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. mahalo i nā kuleana o ka poʻe ʻōiwi e hoʻokaʻawale i ko lākou mau ʻāina kuʻuna, e hoʻomalu a mālama i ko lākou mau ʻāina, e hoʻoholo i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ko lākou kūkulu ponoʻī ʻana, a e kūkākūkā ʻia e pili ana i nā papahana aupuni e pili pono iā lākou (ʻo kēia mau mea āpau. ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kuleana e nā International Labour Organizations' Convention 169 e pili ana i nā ʻōiwi a me nā lāhui i nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, kahi i kau inoa ai ʻo Mekiko).
Panina
Hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma hope o ke koho ʻia ʻana o Pablo Salazar lāua ʻo Vicente Fox, ʻaʻole i loli maoli ke kūlana ma Chiapas: 1) ʻAʻole i mahalo ʻia ka San Andres Accords, 2) Ke hoʻomau nei ke aupuni mokuʻāina a me ke aupuni pekelala i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā paʻahao politika Zapatista. a 3) Ke hoʻomau nei ka pūʻali federal i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana koa 255 i loko o Chiapas. ʻAʻole pono kēia mau ʻike a me ka uhaki ʻana i nā pono kanaka; ʻo lākou wale nō ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo unilateral a ke aupuni pekelala a mokuʻāina e hoʻokau i kā lākou hoʻolālā neoliberal i ka poʻe ʻōiwi o Chiapas. E pau ana ka uhaki i na pono kanaka ma Chiapas i ka wa e pio ai keia kumumanao a mahalo maoli ia na kuleana aina hui o ka poe oiwi o Chiapas.
Hōʻike ʻo Estacion Libre: Pepeluali 5-ʻApelila 19, 2002
A. Hoomuamua i ka Papa Puebla Panama
Ma ka lā 14 o Iune, 2001, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Vicente Fox 'ʻO ka Plan Puebla Panama he kaukani ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o Zapatismo, a i ʻole kekahi kaiāulu ʻōiwi ma Chiapas.' Hoʻopili ʻia ka Plan Puebla Panama: ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pā wai wai (42 i loko o ke kahua hakakā ʻo Chiapas wale nō), nā alaloa, nā paepae no ka ʻili ʻaila, nā mines gula a me ka uranium; ka hana ʻana i nā māla ʻApelika a me nā mea kanu eucalyptus; a me ka laikini ʻana i nā hui multinational e komo i ka bio-prospecting a me ke kua lāʻau. ʻAʻole e mahalo kēia mau papahana i nā kuleana o ka poʻe ʻōiwi e hoʻomalu a mālama i ko lākou ʻāina, e hoʻoholo i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi e kūkākūkā e pili ana i kekahi papahana aupuni e pili ana iā lākou (nā kuleana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā International Labour Organizations' (ILO). ) Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, a Mekiko i pūlima). Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia hoʻolālā i ka mahina o Pepeluali i ka wā i kipa aku ai nā ʻelele o ka World Bank i Chiapas, Oaxaca a me Guerrero, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e 'ʻimi i kona hiki ke hoʻokele waiwai.' ʻOiai e hōʻole ana i ke ʻano kūʻē i ke ʻano o nā kipa (no ka hana ʻana o nā neʻe kaua nui o Mexico i kēia mau mokuʻāina ʻekolu), ua hoʻomaopopo nā ʻelele i kēia mau mokuʻāina i hoʻokipa ʻia i ka 'pilikia lehulehu' a ua manaʻo lākou he nui nā 'hoʻoponopono' | o kona mau kamaaina (02/09). ' Ke hāʻawi nei ka World Bank a me ka Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) i ka hapa nui o nā hōʻaiʻē e pono ai ke kālā i kēia mega-project $ 8 biliona.
I kēia manawa, hui pū ke kiaʻāina ʻo Chiapas ʻo Pablo Salazar me US Pelekikena Bush, US Secretary of Commerce a me nā luna kiʻekiʻe o ka World Bank ma Wakinekona DC e hōʻike maikaʻi i kāna kūpaʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka nohona, e hāpai ana iā Chiapas 'he mākeke palekana loa no nā mea hoʻopukapuka (02/11).' Ma ka manaʻo like, ua hoʻolilo ke aupuni Mekiko i ka US $ 900 miliona no nā papahana Plan Puebla Panama, ma kahi o US $ 4 miliona i hōʻaiʻē ʻia e ka IDB (03/04).
B. Salazar's Strategy Shift
E like me ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana o ka Plan Puebla Panama i nā mahina i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ke aupuni mokuʻāina i kāna hoʻolālā i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa pololei i ka EZLN no ka mea ua kāohi pono nā kaiāulu Zapatista i nā papahana ʻohi waiwai ma Chiapas.
1. Hoʻouka ʻia i ka poʻe ʻōiwi pono kanaka Ua hoʻomaka ka nalu hou o ka uhaki pono kanaka i Ianuali 16 i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai a hoʻomāinoino ʻia e nā luna mokuʻāina he 5 Zapatista aloha mai ke kaona ʻokoʻa o Ricardo Flores Magón. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou incomunicado mai ko lākou ʻohana a me ka mea mālama pono kanaka no nā lā 7, ua hoʻopaʻa hewa nā luna mokuʻāina iā lākou ma lalo o ka hale paʻahao 60+ mau lā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana (CCDN denuncia 03/14). [Ironically, Mexico ma hope ratified the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearances with the Organization of American States (OAS) (03/10).]
Ma hope o ka haʻi ʻana o kahi lālā o ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network i kēia mau mea paʻa he 5 wale nō o 21 mau paʻahao politika Zapatista hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Pablo Salazar i kahi hoʻouka kaua lōʻihi i ka kūpaʻa ʻaʻole o kēlā loio wale nō, akā ʻo ka hui holoʻokoʻa ʻo Chiapas Community Defenders Network. He mea weliweli loa kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka poʻe pale ma lalo o ka pilikia pilikino koʻikoʻi, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli make i loaʻa e kekahi mau Community Defenders.
2. Hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā hana Paramilitary a me nā hoʻouka kaua hou ʻana ma nā kahua kākoʻo o EZLN Mai ka hopena o Pepeluali, ua ʻike ʻia ke kaona ʻo Tila (he ʻāina i hakakā me ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Zedillo) i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka hana paramilitary. Ua hoʻopuka hewa ʻole ka luna kānāwai o Tila i nā palapala hopu e kūʻē i 7 mau kumu kākoʻo EZLN, me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā lākou, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻana, ʻo lākou nā alakaʻi o ka hui paramilitary Paz y Justicia. I loko o ʻelima mau kaiaulu like ʻole ma ke kaona ʻo Tila, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻonohonoho paramilitary i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ākea a me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā kumu kākoʻo EZLN (Denuncia mai Tila - 03/18).
I loko o ke kaiāulu o Morelia, Autonomous Municipality 17 de Noviembre, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā hoʻoweliweli priista kūloko e kūʻē i nā poʻe kākoʻo EZLN a hoʻopau ʻia i kahi hakakā i haʻalele i nā mea kākoʻo Zapatista a me nā mea nānā pono kanaka ʻē aʻe i ʻeha me nā pōhaku a me nā lāʻau (03/20). I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua hahau nui nā pūʻali koa PRI i kahi kanaka ʻōpio a hoʻolei i nā pōhaku i kahi wahine ʻelemakule ma kona home ponoʻī. Ma Malaki 23, ma ke kaiāulu kokoke o RancherÃa de Nantze, ma kahi o 19 Priistas i puʻunaue i nā mea kaua a komo i nā mākaʻikaʻi pō.
Ma ke kaona ʻokoʻa o Francisco Gomez, ua ulu ka haunaele no nā mahina i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā luna mokuʻāina i nā kuleana ʻāina i nā lālā o ka Regional Organization of Coffee Growers of Ocosingo (ORCAO) no nā waiwai kaiāulu i hana ʻia a nona nā kaiāulu Zapatista. Ma ke kaiāulu o Javier López, ua hoʻouka nā lālā ORCAO i nā kākoʻo EZLN, me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i kahi wahine me ke koʻi (03/24). Ma Primero de Enero, ua hoʻomaka ke kaua ma waena o Zapatistas a me ka ORCAO ma hope o ka lawe pio ʻana o nā lālā o ORCAO i ka poʻe kākoʻo EZLN, ma lalo o nā hoʻopiʻi ʻana no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pā e paʻa ai nā pipi. I ka pane ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mana kūʻokoʻa i ʻelua mau alakaʻi ORCAO (03/04). ʻElua lā ma hope mai ua hoʻololi nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā mea paʻa, me nā lālā o ORCAO e hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻoweliweli i ke kaiāulu Zapatista.
Ma ia kaona hookahi, ma Ejido Pena Limonar, he 70 mau lala o ka aoao priista o ka National Coordinator of Indigenous People (CNPI) i hoouka aku i elua mau wahine, hookahi me ke kaulahao paikikala a me kekahi me ka pahikaua, a koe elua i eha. Ua puhi lākou i nā hale 11 o nā poʻe kākoʻo Zapatista, me ko lākou mau lole, nā meaʻai, a me nā mea hana (ʻApelila 17). I ka pane ʻana, ua hoʻopuka nā luna kūloko i nā palapala hopu e kūʻē i nā kumu kākoʻo Zapatista.
Ua piʻi aʻe ka ikaika o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi o ka mokuʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a Pablo Salazar ma ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻae ʻia kēlā me kēia hanana o ka hana paramilitary e nā luna kūloko a me ka mokuʻāina, ʻoiai ke hōʻole pinepine ʻia e ka Community Defenders Network, a ua hoʻohana hewa ʻole nā aupuni kūloko i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni e hoʻopuka i nā palapala hopu e kūʻē i nā kumu kākoʻo EZLN, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoikaika pū ʻana. ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā pūʻulu paramilitary, nā luna aupuni anti-Zapatista, a me nā mea o ka mākaʻi e kākoʻo i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Pablo Salazar i ka hoʻolālā.
3. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mākaʻi a me nā pūʻali koa e hoʻoneʻe a hoʻopilikia Ma waho aʻe o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka hana paramilitary, ʻo ka Federal Army - ma lalo o ke kauoha a ka Pelekikena Vicente Fox ' me nā mākaʻi Federal, Preventive, Judicial a me State, i neʻe hou aku nei e noho i nā kaiāulu. ma ka ʻāina ʻo Zapatista.
Ma Jolnixtie, Municipality of Tila, 120 mau mea o ka Federal Army i noho ma na alanui a ninau i na wahi hoomoana o ka aina e pili ana i kahi a me ka mamao o na kaiaulu e ae a me ka lakou mau hana. Mai ia manawa mai ka pūʻali koa, me nā mea o ka Federal Judicial and State Police, ua mākaʻikaʻi i ke kaiāulu i kēlā me kēia lā a hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana i nā kula ma Jolnixtie a me Emiliano Zapata (03/01).
Ma Nueva Esperanza, Autonomous Municipality of Vicente Guerrero, 10 state Public Security police i komo i loko o ke kaiāulu me ka hoʻoweliweli i nā kamaʻāina a me ka hoʻoweliweli e hoʻi mai me nā pūʻali hou (03/30).
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hoʻouka ʻana, ua hoʻololi hou nā aupuni mokuʻāina a me nā aupuni pekelala i kā lākou hoʻolālā (i ʻōlelo hou ʻia i ka lā 4 ʻApelila e ka Coordinator of the Montes Azules Bioreserve) e hoʻoneʻe ma luna o 1,500 ʻohana Chol, Tojolobal, Tseltal, a me Tzotzil mai ka Montes Azules Bioreserve. ʻO nā kaiāulu ma ke kaona ʻokoʻa ʻo Ricardo Flores Magon (i loko o ka bioreserve) i hōʻole i ka overflights mau, incursions, a me nā convoys o ka pūʻali koa Mekiko a me nā Federal Preventive Police i loko o ka bio-reserve a me ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale (02/23, 03/25).
I ka makahiki 1972, ua hāʻawi aku ka pelekikena ʻo Luis Echeverria ma kahi o 614,000 ʻeka o ka wao nahele ʻo Lacandon i kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā Indians Carib mai Campeche (ʻo ia ka mea i hele ma ka inoa ʻo Lacandons). Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻāina i nā 'Lacandons' ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā koi hoʻokūkū no ka ʻāina ma ia wahi i waiho mua ʻia e nā hui ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe me ka nui o nā heluna kanaka.
Ma ka lā 12 o Kepakemapa, 2001, ua mālama ka 'Lacandons' i kahi hālāwai kūkā nui, me ke kōkua o nā kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e Conservation International (he hui 'environmental' i loaʻa ke kākoʻo kālā mai Grupo Pulsar, Ford, McDonalds, a me Intel), koi lākou. ka hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia ʻana a mau loa o 16 mau kaiaulu ʻōiwi pili. Ua hoʻohana ke aupuni Mekiko i ka pilikia o Montes Azules ma ke ʻano he kumu e hoʻouka pololei ai i ka EZLN (nona mau kaiāulu kākoʻo i ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 o nā kaiāulu 35 i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka wehe ʻana) i hiki iā ia ke wehe i kēia wahi no nā papahana bio-prospecting nui a hoʻokomo kālā ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka Plan Puebla Panama.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau kaiāulu e hāʻawi i ka pūʻali koa Mekiko i ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka puka ʻākau i loko o ka nahele ʻo Lacandon a e hōʻailona ana i ka lanakila pololei o ka neoliberalism ma luna o ke kūʻokoʻa ʻōiwi.
C. Ekolu mau hoailona i hooko ole ia
17 mau mahina ma hope o ka noi ʻana o ka EZLN i ke aupuni Mekiko i ʻekolu mau hōʻailona e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kona ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono ʻia nā hōʻailona: 1) ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā paʻahao politika a pau o Zapatista, 2) ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā Kuʻikahi San Andres (ma o ka 1996 Cocopa manaʻo) a me 3) demilitarization o 7 kumu kumu i loko o ka paio wahi.
1. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka helu o nā paʻahao politika Zapatista i 24 EZLN kumu kākoʻo ʻo Salvador Lopez Gonzalez i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka mahina i hala ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o ka luna kānāwai i kona hewa ʻole (03/19). Wahi a ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network akā naʻe, ua piʻi ka nui o nā paʻahao politika Zapatista mai ka 9 a hiki i ka 24. Ua ʻike maoli ʻia nā paʻahao hou he 16 he mau pio EZLN e nā kaiāulu kūʻokoʻa i hele mai ai lākou. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopuka nā luna mokuʻāina ma luna o 8 mau palapala hopu e kūʻē iā Zapatistas ma Tila a me ka Autonomous Municipality o Francisco Villa.
2. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻōiwi ʻOiai ʻoiai ua hoʻopiʻi nā hui ʻōiwi ma luna o 330 mau hoʻopiʻi kūʻē kūʻē i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi (i hoʻokō ʻia i ʻAukake i hala), ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ka ʻAha Kiekie o Mekiko i ke kumukānāwai o ka 'reform' a ke hoʻopanee nei i kēlā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo. a hiki i Iune (04/10). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hui ʻōiwi ʻaʻole e uhaki wale ke Kumukānāwai o Mekiko, Law Agrarian, a me nā ʻaha kūkā o ka honua e pili ana i nā pono ʻōiwi, akā ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa pū kekahi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻōiwi.
I ka ho'āʻo ʻana e 'hoʻoponopono i ka hewa o ka ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono i ka makahiki i hala,' 168 mau ʻelele o nā ʻaoʻao politika āpau (koe ka PAN) i hoʻokomo hou i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo aupuni, ke Kānāwai Cocopa - ka mea i kahakaha ʻia e ka Cocopa ma muli o ka Ua kaulima ʻia nā ʻaelike ma waena o ka EZLN a me ke aupuni federal i ʻeono makahiki ma mua (2/19). ʻAʻole naʻe i kūkākūkā ka ʻaha kūkā i ka manaʻo i ke kau.
3. Ke hoomalu mau nei ke Aupuni Mekiko i ka 2 o na Base Demilitarized 7 Hookahi makahiki ma hope iho o ka olelo ana o Vicente Fox i ka hoopau ana i na kumu nui 7 ma ke kahua paio, ke hoomau nei ke aupuni i ka hoomalu ana i 2 o na kumu 7: Amador Hernandez, a me Rio Euseba. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua haʻi aku ka 'Oihana Hoʻoponopono Agrarian i ka 'āina i noho mua ʻia e ka pūʻali koa no ka pūʻali koa, ʻoiai ua haʻalele nā pūʻali (03/24/01). No ka uhaki ʻana i ke kānāwai Mekiko a me ka ILO Convention 169, hōʻole ke aupuni pekelala i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina i nā kaiāulu i noho mua ma laila a mālama pū kekahi i nā 'kūwaena hoʻomohala ʻōiwi' kaulana ʻole ma laila.
D. Makaikai Kuleana Kanaka
ʻO ka International Civil Commission for the Observation of Human Rights (CCIODH), i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau lālā mai 14 mau ʻāina, i kipa ʻekolu i Chiapas i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki e hahai i ka moʻolelo pono kanaka o ka mokuʻāina. Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o Salazar i ka hoʻolālā, ua hōʻike ka CCIODH ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻino i nā kamaʻāina ʻōiwi mai ko lākou kipa hope ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hele ʻana o ka pūʻali koa a me nā mākaʻi pūʻali koa ma nā wahi he nui, ʻoi loa ma ka Ocosingo a me nā palena palena (03/03).
Me he mea lā ua makemake nā luna aupuni i ka mālama ʻana i ke komisina mai ka hālāwai ʻana me nā paʻahao politika. Ua hōʻole ʻia nā mea nānā pono kanaka i hoʻāʻo e kipa aku i nā pio ʻelua Zapatista ma Queretaro i ke komo ʻana i ka hale. Ma hope o ka kamaʻilio ʻana o ke komisina me ʻekolu mau paʻahao politika EZLN ma ka hale paʻahao ʻo San Cristobal, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā paʻahao me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ua hui pū ke komisina me ke Komisina Kuleana Kuleana kanaka ʻo Pedro Raul Lopez Hernandez, nona ka hale i pana ʻia i ka waena o Ianuali ma hope o kona hoʻohewa ʻana i nā hana ʻino kanaka i hana ʻia e ka hoʻokele Salazar ma Marques de Comillas i ʻAukake i hala.
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No ka heluhelu ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa mai nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi a me kā lākou Defenders e hele i: Chiapas Community Defenders Network (CCDN): www.reddedefensores.org Enlace Civil: www.enlacecivil.org.mx
No ka 'ike hou aku ma ka Plan Puebla Panama: CIEPAC: www.ciepac.org/ppp.htm
Nā Punawai ʻIke: denuncias e nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi, nā hōʻike e ka Chiapas Community Defenders Network, Cuarto Poder, El Milenio, La Jornada, AP, Expreso.
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He poʻe o ka hui kala ʻo Estacion Libre ma San Cristobal de las Casas, ʻo Chiapas e hana ana e hoʻolaha i ka hui kaiaulu hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Zapatismo ma US a me Kanada. Mālama pū mākou i kahi wahi hana mau ma San Cristobal, Chiapas no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā mea hoʻoikaika mai nā kaiāulu kala. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou ma: [pale ʻia ka leka uila]
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
E Makana mai