ʻO ka nīnau o ka mea i lanakila i ka heihei koho ma ʻEkuador i ka lā 26 Nowemapa e uhi ʻia paha e ka maopopo ʻole inā e ola maoli ka mea lanakila i kahi kau piha. He ʻeiwa mau pelekikena ʻeiwa ka lāhui kālaiʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. ʻO Alvaro Noboa ka mea hoʻokūkū mua i kēia manawa, he piliona kālā maiʻa i holo pono ʻole ʻelua i ka wā i hala. Ua lanakila 'o ia i ka 27 pakeneka o ka balota ma ka puni mua, e hoopau ana ia Rafael Correa (a me 11 mau moho'ē a'e), he kanaka ho'okele waiwai ho'ona'auao 'Amelika i holo ma luna o ke kahua e ho'ouka ana i nā kulekele neoliberal o Wakinekona, a me ka palaho kahiko e ho'opilikia ana i ka 'oihana kālai'āina o Ecuador.
Ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Correa ma ke ʻano he poʻokela mua e hele ana i ke koho balota ʻOkakopa 15, ʻo ia ka mea i lilo ai ka lanakila o Noboa ma kahi helu ʻehā pākēneka i mea hoʻokipa maikaʻi no Wakinekona a me Wall Street.
E like me ka nui o nā koho politika, e loaʻa i ke kālā ka mana nui i ka hopena - a ʻo Noboa ka nui. "ʻO ka lilo ʻana i piliona kālā ma ʻEkuador e pili ana i ka ʻāina," wahi a Larry Birns, ka luna o ka Council on Hemispheric Affairs ma Wakinekona.
Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Noboa i ke kālā i ka poʻe koho pāloka a ʻaʻole i kanalua ka loaʻa ʻana o ka media a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe ma mua o Correa. Ua ho'āʻoʻo Noboa e hōʻailona iā ia iho ma keʻano he populist, nāna e hoʻohana i kānaʻoihanaʻoihana a me nā kulekele kūʻai kūʻai kūʻokoʻa e hana i nā hana, ka waiwai a me ke komoʻana i nā lawelawe kaiaulu no nā miliona o ka poʻe Ekuador e noho ana i kaʻilihune. ʻAʻole like me kona hoa paio, e apo ʻo ia iā Wakinekona a me ke kālepa kūʻokoʻa. Akā ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻopuka nei i kāna ʻike ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he pōmaikaʻi, hiki ke lilo i kuleana.
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Noboa i kāna waiwai nui ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hui maiʻa ʻehā o ka honua, nāna e kūʻai aku i kāna mau maiʻa ma lalo o ka lepili Bonita. I Iulai o 2002, The New York Times Ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo, "Ma nā māla maiʻa o ʻEkuador, ʻo ka hana keiki ke kī i ka loaʻa kālā",
i hōʻike ʻia i ka laha ʻana o ka hana keiki ma nā mahiko o Noboa. (Human Rights Watch pū kekahi i palapala i kēia.) ʻO kēia ma mua o ke koho balota ʻana o kēlā makahiki, a ua pio ʻo Noboa iā Lucio Gutierrez. Akā ʻo ka hana keiki ka piko o ka hau hau. I ka mahina o Mei o ia makahiki, ua hoolimalima a kauoha aku la o Noboa i na powa, huna kekahi me na maka, e hoouka aku i na limahana hahau ma kona mahiko o Los Alomos. Ua hele ka poʻe hana i ke kuʻi ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Noboa i nā alakaʻi uniona ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana a ke Kuhina Limahana ʻEkuadorian e ʻae i ke kānāwai i ʻekolu hui hou e pani ana ma kahi o 1000 mau limahana maiʻa - ʻo ia ka hua o nā mahina o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo aupuni i ka makahiki 2005 e hoʻohana ana ʻo Noboa i nā hui pūpū e kāʻei i nā kānāwai hana. Eia hou, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni e ʻaiʻē kekahi o nā hui o Noboa i nā miliona miliona o ka ʻauhau hope.
Inā hoʻoholo ka media Ecuadorian e hāmare iā Noboa ma kēia mau pilikia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli i ke ʻano o ke koho balota, ʻoiai ʻo nā koho balota i hala aku nei ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ma mua o Correa. I ka manawa like, makemake paha ka poʻe media media (nui ma US) i kapa iā Noboa ʻo "billionaire populist," e nānā i kāna moʻolelo ʻoihana ma mua o ka hoʻopili makapō ʻana i nā lepili e pili ana i kāna kamaʻilio hoʻolaha.
ʻO Correa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia e ka media ma ʻaneʻi he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka "Chavez ally". Akā ʻo ka pololei, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna hana ponoʻī, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hoʻolaha ʻana ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona mahalo a mahalo i ka Pelekikena Venezuelan a me kāna mau kulekele. Ua lawe pū ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo hoʻomāinoino a Chavez i ka wā e hoʻohewa ai iā Bush. Ua kapa ʻo Correa i ka pelekikena ʻo ʻAmelika he "ʻeleʻele loa" a manaʻo ʻo Chavez ua hewa ke kapa ʻana iā Bush i ka diabolo ma kāna haʻiʻōlelo UN i hoʻolaha nui ʻia.
"ʻO ke kapa ʻana iā Bush he diabolo ke hōʻeha nei i ka diabolo… [no ka mea] he ʻino ka diabolo, akā naʻauao," wahi a Correa. Manaʻo ka COHA's Birns e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Correa ma ka waiho ʻana i ka inoa o Chavez i kāna hoʻolaha.
"Ua manaʻo ʻia ua nalowale nā moho hema ma Peru a me Mekiko i ko lākou lāhui ponoʻī ma muli o ka hoʻopunipuni ʻia ʻana no ka pilina pili me Chavez, he alakaʻi ʻAmelika Latin i kaulana e like me kāna polarizing," wahi a COHA's Birns. "Manaʻo wau ua komo ʻo Correa i kahi kuhi kuhi ma ka hui ʻana i kāna lāhui politika me Hugo Chavez o Venezuela. I kēia koho ʻana ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻo Chavez i kahi huaʻōlelo, he mea kupanaha ia.
Akā ma ka pae kulekele ʻo Chavez lāua ʻo Correa (i hoʻolaha ʻia) hōʻole ʻia i ke kālepa kūʻokoʻa, ʻo nā mākaʻi o ka World Bank a me IMF a me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i nā hui transnational ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia me ka nui o nā poʻe koho ma kēia ʻāina ʻilihune. ʻO ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o Correa mai ka pana lōʻihi a i ka mea holo mua i loko o kekahi mau mahina he hōʻike ia.
Ma Malaki, ua hoʻomaka nā kūʻē kūʻē i ka ʻāina i koi ʻia i ka pelekikena ʻo Alfredo Palacio e haʻi i kahi kūlana o ka ulia pōpilikia. Ua koi aku ka poʻe kūʻē i ke aupuni e hoʻopau i ke kūkākūkā ʻana me ʻAmelika ma luna o kahi kuʻikahi kūʻai kūʻokoʻa i manaʻo ʻia a kipaku aku i ka hui ʻaila ʻo Occidental Petroleum ma Kaleponi. Ua hoʻouna hope ka hoʻokele Palacio i ka ʻeke Occidental, ʻoiai ua hoʻomau ka poʻe kūʻē i ke aupuni no nā mahina. Ua koi ka poʻe kūʻē i ke aupuni e hoʻolilo i ka ʻoihana ʻaila, hoʻolilo hou aku i nā lawelawe kaiāulu, a hōʻole i ka FTA no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka ʻāina.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Correa i kēia mau koi, ka mea i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka neʻe ʻōiwi ikaika o ka ʻāina, ma ke ʻano he kia o kāna paepae. Eia kekahi, i kona noho pōkole ʻana ma ke Kuhina Waiwai, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Correa i nā poʻo me ka World Bank, a ua koi ʻo Palacio e koi i kona haʻalele. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka wā o kāna hoʻolaha ʻana e hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka hapalua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uku ʻaiʻē i ka IMF i mea e hoʻolilo hou aku ai i nā papahana pilikanaka - he manaʻo populist maoli.
"Ke ʻike nei ka honua ʻaʻole ʻo ka (International) Monetary Fund a me World Bank i ʻāpana o ka hopena, akā ʻo ka pilikia," wahi a Correa. "E hele mua ke ola a me nā hoʻohiki aupuni, ma mua o nā ʻeke o ka poʻe ʻaiʻē a me ka manaʻo hoʻohiki honua."
E kūkākūkā hou ʻo Correa i nā ʻaelike me nā hui ʻaila i mea e loaʻa ai i ke aupuni ka hapa nui o ka loaʻa kālā. Inā ʻaʻole makemake nā ʻoihana iā ia a laila manaʻo ʻo Petroecuador nona ka mokuʻāina e lawe i nā māla aila. Inā koho ʻia, hoʻolālā ʻo ia e nānā i nā ʻaelike i loko o nā ʻoihana extractive i kūʻē ʻia e ka lehulehu.
Manaʻo ʻo Conn Hallinan, kahi loiloi kulekele ʻē aʻe me Foreign Policy in Focus (FPIF), inā lanakila ʻo Correa a hahai i kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻohiki e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā ia. "Manaʻo wau ua hahai ʻo ʻAmelika iā Chavez i kahi kulekele o ke komo ʻana ma ʻAmelika Latin, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā mākou i ʻike ai i nā makahiki he nui," wahi a Hallinan.
Ma kahi kolamu i kapa ʻia ʻo "Hunting Hugo", kākau ʻo Hallinan ʻo ka "US Southern Command, ka lima o ka pūʻali koa US ma Latin America, ua hoʻoholo ʻo nā hana a Venezuela, ʻEkuador a me Bolivia e hoʻonui i ka mana ma luna o kā lākou ʻaila a me ke kinoea i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi mea hoʻokele waiwai. hooweliweli i ka lako aila US. E lilo ana kēia mau ʻāina i mea hoʻoweliweli i ko kākou palekana aupuni. Ke hele nei ka ʻatikala e nānā i ke ʻano o Chavez ma Wakinekona a hoʻopau i kāna ʻatikala ma ka manaʻo ʻana "ʻo ka poʻe a ka hoʻokele [Bush] i kiʻi ʻia e hoʻokūkū iā [Chavez] ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o nā mea hana e hilahila ʻole i kekahi mea a hiki i ka. me ka mea hiki ole ke manaoia: pepehi kanaka.
ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei ʻo ʻEkuador i ka ʻaila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka US ma mua o Venezuela, a ʻaʻole ia he mea pāʻani kūloko koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia ka ʻāina ma ka radar o Southern Command ke kumu e hopohopo ai.
ʻAʻole ia e haʻi ʻia ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Correa ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hōʻano hou i ka ʻaelike o ka ʻāina me ka US e hoʻohana i kāna kahua mokulele ʻo Manta, kahi i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Wakinekona e hoʻohana ai i kāna "kaua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau" ma ka ʻāina ma o Plan Colombia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia he mea hoʻoweliweli i ka mana o ʻEkuador a e hoʻonui wale i ka ʻaelike inā ʻae ʻo ʻAmelika iā ʻEkuador e loaʻa kahi kahua ma Miami. A pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke noiʻi mālie nei kahi hui hana UN inā paha ua hoʻohana kahi ʻoihana pilikino i mālama ʻia e kekahi limahana DynCorp mua i ka waihona Manta e kiʻi i nā ʻEkuador a me Kolombia i mau mercenaries e kaua ma Iraq. E hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike i ka UN Human Rights Council ma 2007.
ʻO ka hope, ua paʻa ʻo Correa e hoʻopaʻa i kahi ʻaha kumukānāwai, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma Bolivia, i mea e kākau hou ai i ke kumukānāwai. Akā ʻo ke kumukānāwai o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole naʻe i hemolele, ʻike nui ʻia he holomua. ʻO ka pilikia ka hiki ʻole a i ʻole ka hōʻole ʻana o ka mokuʻāina e hoʻokō.
ʻĀkau a hema paha, a ʻākau a ʻākau paha?
Ua hoʻouka ʻino ʻo Noboa iā Correa, me ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻaoʻao mai Wakinekona me kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a ke Kaua anuanu. Ua kapa ʻo ia iā ia he "diabolo komunista" me kahi "kūlana diktatorial" nāna e hoʻohuli iā ʻEkuador i Cuba. Ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi e ʻoki ʻo Noboa i nā pilina me Venezuela ke lanakila ʻo ia.
Ke pāʻani maikaʻi nei kēia ʻano kamaʻilio ma ka US press, e hoʻihoʻi pinepine i nā koi like i kuhikuhi ʻia ma Chavez e ka Bush Administration. Hiki iā ia ke ʻae i ka media, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, e hoʻolālā i ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka lilo ʻana o Correa a kuleana hema, ʻoi aʻe ma nā laina o ka pelekikena i koho hou ʻia a aloha ʻia ma ka mākeke ʻo Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka lonohe ole nā kulekele Venezuela a me Bolivia i lawe.
"ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā kulekele hoʻokele waiwai o Chavez, akā ua like ia me ka New Deal," wahi a FPIF's Hallinan. "ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻike ʻana o ka media a me ka lehulehu nui iā Chavez e hōʻike ana i ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana o ka spectrum politika i ka ʻākau ma US"
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ala ʻelua a ʻEkuador i kāna koho balota e hiki mai ana. Eia hou, e pili ana iā Correa, ua lohe lākou i kāna ʻano kamaʻilio ma mua - e like me Gutierrez i hoʻokuke ʻia, ka mea i holo i ka ʻaoʻao hema / populist like akā ʻo ia ka mea i koho ʻia he 180-degere i koho ʻia a apo i ka Washington, ka IMF a me neoliberalism. . Ua komo ʻo Gutierrez i ke keʻena me ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe ʻōiwi o ka ʻāina, ka poʻe i haʻalele ʻia a ke hoʻōla nei i kāna kumakaia.
"ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i kahi alakaʻi hoʻomaopopo ʻole i kahi hana koho balota," wahi a Birns.
Hōʻike kēia i ke kumu i hōʻole ai ʻo Pachakutik, ka lima kālai'āina o ka Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), i kahi noi mai Correa e hana i kuʻikahi kahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻo ia iā lākou i ka hope pelekikena. Ua koho ʻo Pachakutik e holo iā Luis Macas i moho pelekikena. ʻO Macas, i ka nīnau ʻana i ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻae i ka hāʻawi a Correa, hoike ʻO ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana i ka debacle Gutierrez i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka heluna kanaka ʻōiwi.
"ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike ʻo wai maoli ʻo Rafael Correa," wahi a Macas. "E like me kā mākou ʻike ʻole ʻo wai maoli ʻo Lucio Gutierrez."
Inā loaʻa iā Correa ka manawa kūpono e ʻoi aku ka manaʻolana e ʻike lākou iā ia, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole i holo piha ka koho balota ʻōiwi, e hoʻokele ana ka hopena koho i ka maiʻa iā ia.
He kōkua hoʻoponopono ʻo Cyril Mychalejko ma www.UpsideDownWorld.org, he punaewele e wehe ana i ka hana a me ka politika ma Latin America. Ua hana hou ʻo ia ma ʻEkuador ma ke ʻano he mea nānā pono kanaka a mea kākau moʻolelo.
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