He ʻumikūmālima makahiki aku nei, ua hele ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kaua ma Afghanistan. ʻO ia ka salvo wehe i ka Global War on Terror. Ua alualu nui ʻo US i ka Taliban a me al-Qaeda i nā mauna a me nā mokuʻāina e pili ana - e like me Pakistan. ʻO Osama Bin Laden ma waena o ka poʻe i holo aku, ʻaʻole i pepehi ʻia a hiki i 2011 - he ʻumi makahiki ma hope. He maʻalahi ka manaʻo kaua US: pale iā Afghanistan mai ka lilo ʻana i puʻuhonua no al-Qaeda a lawe mai i ka demokala i Afghanistan ma ke kipaku ʻana i ka Taliban. Ua leo pū kekahi e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā wahine a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka kamaʻāina Afghan.
He ʻumi a me ka hapa ma hope mai, ua hoʻi hou ka Taliban. Kauoha ia i na wahi nui o ke kuaaina, a hooweliweli i na kulanakauhale nui. Ke hele nei ʻo Kunduz, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, ma waena o ka Taliban a me ka Pūʻali Lahui Afghan. I kēia pule wale nō, ua lawe ka pūʻali Taliban i ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale, a hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia i kahi lā ma hope. Ma ka moku ʻo Helmand ma ka hema, ka home o ka US Surge, hoʻoweliweli ka Taliban i ke kapikala panalāʻau o Lashkar Gah. Loaʻa iā ia he ʻeono o nā ʻāpana he ʻumikumamāhā o Helmand - Baghran, Dishu, Musa Qala, Nawa, Now Zad a me Khanashin). ʻO ke koena o ka apana ua aneane e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka Taliban. Ma ka ʻākau o Helmand, ua hoʻoweliweli ka Taliban i ke kapikala kūloko o Uruzgan - Tarin Kot. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hema o Afghanistan, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia i ka craw o ka Taliban.
ʻAʻole wale ka Taliban i hoʻi i nā wahi nui o Afghanistan, akā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i ʻoi aku ka radical ma mua o ka Taliban i hoʻokumu ai i ka pūʻali koa Khorasan Islamic State. Ma kahi kokoke i ka palena ʻo Pakistan-Afghanistan - ma Nangarhar - ke hana nei ka Islamic State me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole. Ma ʻOkakopa 4, 2016, ua make kekahi pūʻali koa US ma ka mākaʻikaʻi wāwae i ka wā i pahū ai kahi pōkā Islamic State ma kona ala. ʻO ia ke kolu o nā koa US i pepehi ʻia ma 2016. Ua hui mua ka Islamic State me nā ʻāpana o ka Taliban, akā ua uhaʻi pū me ia. Hoʻokahi wale nō o nā lole liʻiliʻi ma nā palena o Pakistan a me Afghanistan e lele ana i ka hae ʻeleʻele. Ua kākau koʻu hoaaloha a me koʻu hoa hana ʻo Saleem Shahzad i hala ma ka makahiki 2008 'al-Qaeda's ideology ua paʻa loa i loko o ka manaʻo o nā kānaka mauna, ʻo kā lākou hoʻolālā i hōʻailona maopopo ʻia ma kēlā me kēia mauna, pōhaku, a me nā pōhaku i nā wahi tribal, ʻo ia ka militant. Ua hopohopo nā alakaʻi i ke alo o nā pūʻali koa maikaʻi loa o ka honua. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui inā pili ka lole kūloko i al-Qaeda, ka pūnaewele Haqqani a i ʻole ka Islamic State - lawelawe lākou āpau i kā lākou kumu.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kekahi o nā pahuhopu kaua nui o ka US: Noho mau ʻo Afghanistan i puʻuhonua no ka militancy a ʻaʻole hiki i ka demokala ke hoʻoulu i kēia mau kūlana. ʻOiaʻiʻo ua loaʻa nā lanakila a puni ʻo Kabul, kahi i ulu ai ke kūlanakauhale a loaʻa nā lawelawe like ʻole i kona heluna kanaka. Ma ʻaneʻi i hoʻoponopono ai ka luna hoʻokele o ka World Bank ʻo Ashraf Ghani - heluhelu i nā puke ʻikepili e hana i nā kulekele ʻaʻole e holo ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ke kūlanakauhale nui. ʻIke ʻo Ghani ʻo ka palekana ka mea mua. Ma hope koke iho o kona hiki ʻana i ka mana ma 2014, ua hōʻea ʻo Ghani i Pakistan - nona nā lawelawe naʻauao a me nā pūʻali koa e hoʻomau nei i ke kākoʻo i ka Taliban. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hāʻawi ʻo Pakistan i kahi kuʻikahi me ka Taliban a me nā pūʻali koa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hana ʻana i kēia makahiki o ka Afghan Quadrilateral Coordination Group (QCQ) - ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Afghanistan, Kina, Pakistan a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - ʻo ia ke kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pūʻali koa e hele mai i ka papaʻaina. ʻAʻohe mea i hiki mai i kēia manawa. ʻAʻole ʻike hou ʻo Ghani i kahi pilina maikaʻi me Pakistan. ʻO kāna mau pūʻali koa e hakakā me ka ikaika e like me ka mea hiki iā lākou akā paʻa lākou i ka ʻāina, a i ʻole e lanakila ana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Taliban. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka manawa no lākou.
Ua haʻalele maoli ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kāna mau pūʻali ʻāina, akā hoʻomau ia i ka hahau ʻana i ka Taliban a me nā mea kaua ʻē aʻe mai ka lewa. ʻO kēia - ka nui o ka drone - hoʻouka kaua i nā alakaʻi akā ʻaʻole hoʻopaʻa i ka Taliban. I ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka Taliban i ka makahiki 2015 ua make ko lākou alakaʻi - ʻo Mullah Omar - i ʻelua makahiki ma mua, ua hoʻolaha wikiwiki lākou ʻo Mullah Akhtar Mansour ko lākou alakaʻi hou. Ma ka lā 21 Mei 2016, ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Mullah Mansour kahi pahu drone US ma ka mokuʻo Pakistani o Balochistan. ʻAʻohe hopena o ka pepehi kanaka i ka Taliban. Ua pani koke ʻia ʻo ia e ke kahuna pule Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada. ʻO kāna mau hope ke keiki a Mullah Omar - Mullah Yaqoob - a me Siraj-ud-din Haqqani, nāna e alakaʻi i ka pūnaewele Haqqani. ʻO kēia ka Taliban ʻaʻole e pio i ka pepehi ʻana i kona mau alakaʻi. ʻO ia hoʻi ʻo ka mea kaua wale nō i ka US arsenal - hoʻokō ʻia e ka drone strike - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopau i ka Taliban.
ʻAʻole ma nā kāleka nā kamaʻilio maluhia me ka Taliban. ʻO ka lanakila o ka pūʻali koa ma ka ʻāina e hoʻoikaika iā lākou e manaʻo i ka ʻāina ʻoi aku ka nui ma lalo o kā lākou kauoha ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka papaʻaina. Ua hana ʻo Pelekikena Ashraf Ghani i kahi kuʻikahi me kekahi o nā alakaʻi ʻoi loa o ka mujahideen - ʻo Gulbuddin Hekmatyar nāna e alakaʻi i ka Hizb-e-Islami. He mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua haʻi mai ke alakaʻi komunista Afghan ʻo Anahita Ratebzad iaʻu ʻo nā alakaʻi mujahideen a pau ʻo Hekmatyar ka mea weliweli loa. Ua hana ʻo ia i kona inoa ma ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka waika ma nā maka o nā wahine ʻōpio ma ke Kulanui ʻo Kabul. Ua hānai nā ʻAmelika iā ia i ka wā o ka jihad e kūʻē i ke aupuni Communist, e hoʻolilo iā Hekmatyar he 'kaua kūʻokoʻa.' He hiʻohiʻona hoʻopailua ia i kēlā manawa a he hōʻailona ia o ka hāʻule piha ʻana o ka papahana ʻAmelika a me ka 'hoʻoponopono aupuni maikaʻi' o Ghani. ʻO Hekmatyar ke kanaka o Pakistan ma Kabul, he aka o kona ikaika koa ma mua a me ka hōʻole ʻana i nā manaʻo kūʻokoʻa o ke aupuni o kēia manawa.
Ua alakaʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma luna o ʻehiku haneli mau mokulele i kēia makahiki - nā mea āpau e kākoʻo i ka pūʻali koa Afghan. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli drone strikes ma Pakistan e kūʻē iā Taliban a me ke alakaʻi al-Qaeda. ʻO ka hahau i pepehi iā Mullah Mansour aia ma Balochistan, ma waho o ka ʻāpana pepehi i ʻaelike ʻia ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Pakistan ma 2010. ʻAʻole kēia wale nō ka hōʻailona e pili ana ka pilina o ʻAmelika me Pakistan. Ua haʻi aku ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa iā Pakistan ʻaʻole e manaʻo i nā mokulele F-16 a i ʻole kāna kōkua pūʻali koa me ka ʻole o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka National Defence Authorization Act o 2016 e haʻi pono iā Pakistan e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka Taliban ma North Waziristan, e hoʻopau i ka pūnaewele Haqqani a pale i ka neʻe ʻana o nā pūʻali koa Pakistan i Afghanistan.
Manaʻo paha ʻo Ghani i ka hiki ʻole o Pakistan ke hoʻokō i kēia mau kūlana, akā naʻe ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻokomo i ke kanaka o Pakistan - Hekmatyar - i loko o kāna orbit. Ke hoʻomau nei ka haunaele ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Pakistan a me Afghanistan. Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i ke kuleana o ka naʻauao Pakistan i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka Taliban. ʻAʻohe mea i hiki ke hana i kekahi mea e pili ana i ia mea. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi hoa kahiko i kēia manawa i ke aupuni ʻo Afghan, ʻo Pakistan ka pilikia nui o kona ʻāina - ʻo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa pau ʻole me Pakistan ma luna o ka palena (ka Durand Line) a me ka makaʻu o Pakistan e lilo paha ʻo India i mea koʻikoʻi ma Kabul. Inā hoʻoponopono ʻo Afghanistan a me Pakistan i kēia mau pilikia, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, a laila loaʻa iā Kabul kahi manawa.
ʻOi loa ka manaʻolana e lawa ka ʻaelike ma waena o Afghanistan a me Pakistan e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hui pū ke Komohana me nā poʻe e like me Hekmatyar e pale aku i ka hema o Afghan. I kēia lā, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole loa kēlā Hema. Ua holoi ʻia - hoʻokuʻu ʻia a pepehi ʻia paha - a holoi ʻia kona hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO nā kumu waiwai no Afghanistan e puka mai ai mai loko mai o ka moeʻuhane o kāna ʻāpana i hala iho nei ua hoʻemi ʻia e ka nele o nā pūʻali koa o ka hema. ʻO nā pūʻali kaiapili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke Komohana, Saudi Arabia a me Pakistan ua hōʻeha i ka hui Afghan. ʻO kēia hoʻololi kaiapili - me ka mujahideen e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke aloha aloha ʻāina ʻo Afghan - i hana ʻia me nā kumuwaiwai nui a me ka manawa. ʻAʻohe mana countervailing i loaʻa i kēia lā. Loaʻa paha nā puka makani o ka maluhia ma Afghanistan, akā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i kahi kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻomohala lōʻihi. Ua haʻi mai ʻo Anahita Ratebzad, ka Afghan Communist, ʻo ka excision o ka Afghan Left i hana i kahi hui me ka ʻole o nā kumuwaiwai no Afghanistan maluhia a pōmaikaʻi. I ka wā i hoʻomalu ai ka ʻAha i ka ʻāina, ua paʻa i nā wāhine he kanahiku pakeneka o nā hana aʻo a he kanalima pākēneka o nā ʻoihana kīwila a he kanahā pakeneka. He mea pahaohao paha ka ike ana i kela mau la he kanaha pakeneka o na kauka ma Afghanistan he mau wahine. ʻO ke Komohana ka mea i hoʻopilikia i kēia hoʻoikaika maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana i Afghanistan ma ka inoa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā wahine he mea ʻino. Ua hoʻi hou ʻo Hekmatyar i Kabul a ʻo ka Taliban i loaʻa i kāna mau lanakila ma ka ʻāina ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia he hōʻailona o kekahi ʻano o ka hana hoʻomāinoino o Afghan. Aia nā manamana lima o ke Komohana a me nā Saudis ma luna o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma Afghanistan. ʻAʻohe mea maʻalahi e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma Afghanistan. ʻO nā poʻe e like me Anahita Ratebzad, nā poʻe aloha ʻāina ʻoiaʻiʻo o Afghan, he ʻike ko lākou kaiāulu. Inā ola ʻo ia i kēia lā, e uwē hou ʻo ia i ka huhū no kona ʻāina - i kēia manawa he ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki i loko o ke Kaua Honua ma ka Terror.
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