ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke Kiaʻāina ʻo Wisconsin ʻo Scott Walker i kahi kānāwai Iron Mining Law i hoʻolālā ʻia e wikiwiki i ka ʻae ʻana i kahi lua hao nui ākea ma nā Puʻu ʻo Penokee ma luna o Lake Superior, ʻo Gogebic Taconite (GTac), ua huki ʻo Pelekikena Bill Williams i ka plug ma ka lua no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hana. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻāina wai nui i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma ke kahua koʻu a me ka maopopo ʻole e pili ana i ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka hoʻolālā koʻu o ka hui, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka EPA i ka hihia o ka Pebble gula a me ka lua keleawe ma Alaska. Ua ʻōlelo ka EPA e hana ʻino kaʻu i kekahi o nā kaiaola kaiaola iʻa hope loa o ka honua o Bristol Bay, Alaska. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻōki ka luna kānāwai federal i kekahi hana EPA no ka manawa e kali ana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kānāwai hou (e nānā i ka "Militarized Mining in Wisconsin," Z Magazine, ʻOkakopa 2013).
ʻEono mau ʻohana ʻo Wisconsin Ojibwe, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka hui ʻo Bad River, i noi i ka EPA e hana i kahi loiloi kūʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā hopena kūlohelohe o ko GTac i manaʻo ʻia e koʻu manaʻo e pili ana i nā kuleana a me nā kumu waiwai i pale ʻia e ka federally ma mua o ka loiloi ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻolālā e nā mea hoʻoponopono mokuʻāina a me ka US Army Corps. o na Enekinia. Akā, ua hōʻike maopopo ka EPA ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka papahana GTac e like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka hihia o ka mine Pebble ("Hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo EPA i ka makaʻu Gogebic e pili ana iaʻu," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 3 / 7 / 2015).
I ka laha ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻoihana mining e hoʻopōʻino i ke kaiaola ma nā palena o ka honua, hele nui nā hui mining multinational e kūkulu i kahi moʻolelo e nānā ʻole a hōʻemi paha i ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i nā papahana kumu waiwai extractive. Makemake lākou e hoʻopiʻi i nā kumukūʻai metala kaumaha, nā pilikia ʻenehana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoponopono hoʻoikaika nui ma mua o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kuleana o ke kūʻē i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i kaʻu mau papahana.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka noiʻi hou mai ka Harvard Kennedy School's Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative a me ka Sustainable Minerals Institute ma ke Kulanui o Queensland ma Australia e hoʻokūkū nei i ka "manaʻo kuhihewa kaulana ʻaʻole mana nā kaiāulu kūloko i mua o nā hui nui a me nā aupuni," wahi a ka mea noiʻi alakaʻi ʻo Daniel Franks. "Ke hōʻike nei kā mākou mau ʻike e hiki ke hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ka hoʻoneʻe kaiāulu i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai i nā hui" (Costs of Company-Community Conflict in the Extractive Sector, Report No. 66, 2014). Ua nānā ka haʻawina i 50 i hoʻolālā ʻia i nā papahana ʻohi nui mai nā pūnāwai aila a i nā papahana eli. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka hakakā ʻo ia nā hopena haumia a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻae kaiāulu no ka papahana. "Ma kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o nā hihia i pili i kahi blockade, aʻo ka hapakolu e pili ana i ka make a i ʻole nā hōʻeha, ka pōʻino i ka waiwai, a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia a haʻalele paha i kahi papahana - kahi pilikia i ka hiki ke hana a me ke kūkulu ʻana."
ʻAʻole ʻike a hoʻomaopopo paha nā ʻoihana mining a me ka ʻaila i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai me nā kaiāulu kūloko. "No ka laʻana," wahi a Franks, "ma muli o ka hakakā ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi papahana eli nui o ka honua me ka hoʻolilo kālā ma waena o $3 a me $5 biliona ma kahi o $20 miliona i kēlā me kēia pule o ka lohi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo waiwai o kēia manawa. ” ʻOiai ke ʻike ʻia nei nā kumu o ka hakakā ʻoihana-kaiāulu, wahi a Franks, ʻike kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā hopohopo kaiāulu "ma ke ʻano he 'hoʻohui' koho i nā kaʻina hoʻoponopono ākea no ka hana ʻana i nā papahana." ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o GTac i ke kaʻina hana ʻae mai Wisconsin.
He helehelena o ka palaho
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoihoi o GTac i ka Penokee Hills i ka makahiki 2010, ʻaʻole i mālama ka hoʻokele ʻoihana i nā manaʻo ʻohana a me nā kaiāulu e pili ana i ka mine i manaʻo ʻia a ua kālele i nā haʻawina kālā nui iā Kiaʻāina Walker a me nā luna kānāwai Repubalika nui aʻo kā lākou loio i kākau i ke kānāwai e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kahi palapala maina. .
Ua hāʻawi aku nā pūʻali koa kākoʻo e hoʻopiʻi nei no ka holo ʻana o ka bila Iron Mining i ke kiaʻāina a me nā luna kānāwai o ka mokuʻāina i ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 15 miliona ma nā haʻawina ma waena o 2010 a me waena o 2012, e like me ka nonpartisan Wisconsin Democracy Campaign. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā palapala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana ʻo John Doe o Kiaʻāina Walker ua hāʻawi ʻo GTac i $700,000 hou i ka Wisconsin Club for Growth, kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi kākāʻōlelo i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kiaʻāina. "No ka hui pū ʻana o ka hui ʻo Wisconsin Club for Growth me nā ʻelele o Scott Walker i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻo Gogebic, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ke ʻano o ka palaho ma muli o ka hopena o ke kānāwai i pōmaikaʻi ai," wahi a Dean Nickel i kahi waiho kānāwai. ʻO Nickel ke poʻo mua o ke Keʻena ʻOihana Hoʻokolokolo o Wisconsin i ka Public Integrity Unit nāna i noiʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻohi kālā no ka Mokuʻāina ʻo ka Moku'āina ʻOihana Pūʻulu Manaʻo.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Walker ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i kēia haʻawina i kāna hoʻolaha. Akā naʻe, ua hui pū ke kiaʻāina me nā poʻe lobby GTac no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka bila eli hao ma hope koke iho o kona noho ʻana i ke keʻena ma Ianuali 2011. Ua komo nui ka poʻe lobby GTac i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo o kahi bila eli hou e hoʻopau ana i nā kapu o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻōpala o kaʻu ma nā ʻāina wai.
Ma kahi ʻokoʻa loa i ka hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻana i ka poʻe kālai'āina o ka mokuʻāina, ua huhū ʻo GTac i ka wā i hoʻoholo ai ʻo Ashland County, kahi ʻāpana o ka mine i manaʻo ʻia, i kahi ʻoihana mining e koi ai iā GTac e uku i ke kalana no nā koina o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā ʻepekema e loiloi. nā noiʻi kaiapuni nui e koi ʻia ka hui e waiho ma mua o ka hoʻopuka ʻia ʻana o kahi palapala ʻae eli kalana. Ua pane ʻo GTac i ke kānāwai ma ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana e haʻalele i kahi hapakolu o ka waiho ʻana he 4 mau mile i ka lepo. "Ua hōʻike mākou iā lākou ʻaʻole hiki i ke kānāwai ke kūpono iaʻu ma laila," wahi a ka waha ʻōlelo GTac ʻo Bob Seitz ("Hiki paha iā Gogebic ke pale i ka ʻāina ʻino," ʻO ka Moku'āinaʻo Wisconsin 9 / 5 / 2014).
ʻO kahi "hoʻonui i manaʻo ʻole ʻia o nā ʻāina wai" Loaʻa ma ka Pae Mine
I ka wā i hoʻolaha ai ka pelekikena ʻo GTac, ʻo Bill Williams, e pani ana ʻo ia i ke keʻena o ka hui ma Hurley, Wisconsin, ua haʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻāina wai nui ma ke kahua koʻu a me ka maopopo ʻole e ʻae ʻia ka maina. Eia naʻe, e like me ka Iron Mining Law (2013 Act 1) i kākau nui ʻia e GTac, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia a hiki i ka wā i alakaʻi ai ka hui i nā noiʻi ʻepekema e pono ai e hoʻoholo inā e hoʻokō ka mine i manaʻo ʻia i ke koi o ke kānāwai. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili ka hui i ka ʻikepili e ʻike ai pehea ka hopena o ka maina i ka wai o ka lepo a puni ke kahua koʻu. A ua pūʻiwa lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou poʻe kākāʻōlelo he ʻehā ka nui o nā ʻāina pulu ma mua o kā lākou i manaʻo ai e loaʻa ma ke kahua koʻu. ʻAʻole paha he mea kupanaha kēia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻōlelo o ka Iron Mining Law "nā hopena koʻikoʻi" i ke kaiapuni a me ka wai i manaʻo ʻia he pono no ka mine ʻana i kēia waihona. Hoʻopili kēia i ka luku nui ʻana i nā ʻāina wai e kānana i ka wai e kahe ana i loko o Lake Superior, hānai i nā moena laiki hihiu o ka ʻohana Bad River Ojibwe a hāʻawi i ka wai inu i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ashland a me nā kūlanakauhale kokoke.
Inā ua hoʻolohe ʻo GTac i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe kamaʻāina e pili ana i nā ʻāina wai a i ʻole ka loea ʻāina wai kūʻokoʻa i hoʻolimalima ʻia e Bad River Ojibwe, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha. Akā, ua hoʻoweliweli ka hui i ka hana kānāwai e pale aku i ka loea o ka ʻohana mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi wai i loko o ke kahua koʻu ("Mining firm bars expert from site," Milwaukee Ka Nupepa Sentinel 8 / 25 / 2013).
Ua hōʻemi hope ka Loio Apana Kalana ʻo Ashland i ka hoʻoweliweli a GTac, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole iā GTac ka ʻāina a ua hōʻoia ʻo ia he kuleana ko ka ʻohana e ana i ka ʻāina ma kahi i manaʻo ʻia e eli ai.
"ʻAʻole kēia he pāʻani," wahi a ka luna hoʻomalu o Bad River Tribal Mike Wiggins. “ʻO ke ola a me ka make kēia no ka poʻe ma lalo a ma lalo o ka makani. ʻO kēia ke ola a me ka make no nā hiʻohiʻona hydrological hikiʻole ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia o kēlā mauna [Penokee] e kahe ana i lalo i loko o Lake Superior. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tracy Hames, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Wisconsin Wetlands Association, ʻaʻohe nīnau he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻēmi i ka helu a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāina wai ma ke kahua koʻu i manaʻo ʻia, e like me ke koi ʻia ma lalo o ke kānāwai mokuʻāina a federal. Ua kūʻē ikaika ʻo GTac i nā kūkākūkā lehulehu e pili ana i nā hopena eli ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i kā lākou mau noiʻi ponoʻī i ka mokuʻāina a me nā keʻena hoʻoponopono federal ma ke ʻano o kā lākou palapala ʻae. Inā pāʻani nā ʻohana Wisconsin, nā hui kaiapuni a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko e nā lula o ka hui, ʻaʻole i kū mai ke kūʻē ʻana i ka mine i manaʻo ʻia i ka wā mua loa o ke kaʻina ʻae i ka wā i nāwaliwali loa ka papahana.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o GTac e kāohi i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa lehulehu e pili ana i ka papahana a hiki i ka Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) ponoʻī. Ua lilo ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o GTac a me ka DNR i ka lehulehu i ka makahiki 2014 i ka wā i kūʻē ai ka hui i kahi palapala noiʻi DNR i papa inoa i kekahi o nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino o ka eli hao, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wai wai koʻu wai, hoʻoheheʻe mercury, nā pilikia olakino (ka maʻi kanesa a me ka mesothelioma) mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā minerala asbestiform ma ke kahua koʻu, ka huki ʻana o ka papa wai kūloko, ka nalowale o ka hana ʻai meaʻai e like me ka laiki hihiu a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo "ʻeono mau wai wai me ka nui o ka ʻili he 1300 mau mile kuea e hele i ka Gogebic Range ma Wisconsin. a hoʻokahe i ka Lake Superior" (ʻO Taconite Iron Mining ma Wisconsin: He Manaʻo).
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nā mea āu e lohe ai mai ka poʻe kūʻē, wahi a ka ʻōlelo a GTac ʻo Bob Seitz. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻoponopono DNR no ka "hoʻolele ʻana i kā lākou mana hoʻoponopono" a ʻōlelo ʻo GTac "ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolilo i ke kālā no ka ʻimi ʻimi - aia ke kaʻina hana a pono e mahalo nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua" ("Mining company talking tougher," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 1/15/2014). Pono e hoʻomaopopo: ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Seitz i kahi hōʻike ʻepekema ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo kūʻē wale nō ke kūʻē nei me kekahi o nā hopena socioeconomic nui o ka hōʻike DNR: “ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o ka hilinaʻi kūloko i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kahi hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe; ʻoi aku kona mana ma ke kākoʻo ma mua o ka hopena o nā pōmaikaʻi hoʻokele waiwai.
"Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia manaʻo ma kahi ala e hele mai ana mai kahi hui lanahu West Virginia no ka manaʻo e hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea a lākou e makemake ai," wahi a State Senator Bob Jauch (D-Poplar) nona ka apana e komo ai ka mine site. He lālā ʻo GTac o Cline Resource and Development Group, nona ka piliona kālā ʻo Chris Cline. Ua loaʻa ʻo Cline i kāna kālā ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka eli lanahu, ka hana ʻana a me nā keʻena halihali ma Appalachia a me Illinois Basin. Wahi a Devon Cupery, kekahi o nā mea hana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni palapala, "Wisconsin's Mining Standoff," ʻO nā mines lanahu a Cline ma West Virginia a me Illinois ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka ʻoi aku o 8,000 mau hewa palekana federal mai 2004. ʻOi aku ma mua o 2,300 i "nui a nui" nā hewa. me ka hiki ke hōʻeha, maʻi a make paha.
Ma waena o 2006 a me kēia manawa, ʻekolu o nā hui o Cline—Foresight Energy, Macoupin Energy a me Hillsboro Energy—ua hāʻawi i ka huina o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 1.5 miliona i nā poʻe kālai'āina ʻo Illinois e like me Kiaʻāina Pat Quinn, House Speaker Michael Madigan a me ka luna kānāwai o ka ʻAha Kiʻi ʻo Illinois ʻo Mary Jane Theis ("Ua lawe ka luna hoʻoponopono o koʻu palekana i ke kālā hoʻolaha mai ka ʻoihana lanahu," ʻO Illinois Times 2/20/2014). ʻO kēia ke ala i aʻo ai ʻo Cline i ka hana ʻoihana ma nā māla lanahu o Appalachia a me Illinois: e mālama i kahi ʻike ākea haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana ma luna o ke aupuni. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Will Reynolds, kahi noho mua o ka Illinois Sierra Club "pono e hoʻokolokolo federal i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hui Cline i ka mālama kūikawā i ka ʻae ʻana a me ka palekana ma muli o nā haʻawina hoʻolaha. Me he mea lā ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā makana. "
Akā ʻo Wisconsin ʻaʻole ʻo West Virginia a ʻo Illinois. Ua hiki i ke kālā a me ka lobbying a Cline ke kūʻai aku i ke kānāwai o ka Iron Mining Law akā ʻaʻole ʻo GTac a me Kāpena Walker i kūkākūkā i ka Bad River Ojibwe e pili ana i ke kānāwai a i ʻole ka papahana mine. Ua haʻi aku ka ʻōlelo a GTac ʻo Bob Seitz i kahi mea hoʻolaha e hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nā hopohopo ʻohana ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka bila ("Mining firm backs changes, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 12/3/2012).
Ka pale ʻana i nā Kuleana Kuʻikahi, Kūʻē i ka Mining Destructive Mining
ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kahi aupuni mōʻī e pili ana i ke kānāwai e pili ana i kā lākou kuleana kuʻikahi a me nā kumuwaiwai ma Wisconsin he hōʻailona ia o ka racism kaiapuni i hōʻike i kēia papahana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka pila, ua hōʻoia hou ʻo Mike Wiggins ka luna ʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka ʻohana e hoʻomau i ke kaua ʻana i ka papahana, me ka hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma ke aupuni pekelala e pili ana i nā kuleana kuʻikahi o ka ʻohana. "ʻAʻole kēia he sprint, wahi a Wiggins. “Ua mākaukau mākou e hana i nā mea e pono ai no ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana i ko mākou home” (“Foes: Opposition will deepen,” Wisconsin State Journal, 3/3/2013). I ka kali ʻana i kahi hoʻopiʻi hoʻopiʻi federal, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻohana i kahi kālā pale kānāwai. ʻO kahi hui o nā hui kākoʻo kuʻikahi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā kikowaena heluna o Madison a me Milwaukee, ua kōkua i ka Bad River Ojibwe i ka hoʻokipa ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili kālā a me nā hanana hoʻonaʻauao e like me ka hoʻoikaika politika kūleʻa e kūʻē i ka papahana mine Crandon i nā makahiki i hala ("The Crandon Mine. Saga," Pepeluali 2004).
ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o nā ʻohana ʻeono ʻo Ojibwe o Wisconsin ma ke ʻano he poʻe hana kālai'āina koʻikoʻi me ka manaʻo o nā kuleana kuʻikahi lōʻihi mai nā kuʻikahi o ke kenekulia 19 i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻāina waiwai mineral ma ka ʻākau o Wisconsin, Michigan a me Minnesota akā ua paʻa ke kuleana e hoʻomau i ka hopu holoholona, ka lawaiʻa a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻāina hāʻawi. Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ʻaha federala ʻo Lac Courte Oreilles Band o Chippewa Indians v. Voigt i hōʻoia hou i nā kuleana kuʻikahi Chippewa (Ojibwe) i ka makahiki 1983, ua hana nā mea haʻuki keʻokeʻo i kekahi manawa kūʻē kūʻē iā Ojibwe off-reservation spearfishing. Ua hoʻopiʻi nā pūʻulu kūʻē i ke kuʻikahi i ka Ojibwe no ka luku ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka ʻoihana hoʻokele kūloko, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i lawe nā ʻohana ma mua o ʻekolu pakeneka o ka iʻa. I ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻohana a me kā lākou poʻe kākoʻo ʻaʻole India i ka hoʻoweliweli maoli ʻana i ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai mākaʻikaʻi mai nā papahana ʻeli nui luku nui, ua lanakila nā ʻohana ma luna o ka nui o ka poʻe i kūʻē mua i nā kuleana kuʻikahi Ojibwe. Ma ka makahiki 1992, ua pau ka hapa nui o na ku e ku e i ke kuikahi ma hope o ka hoopuka ana o ka Aha Pekelala i ke kauoha mau no ka keakea ana i ka hoohana ana i na kuleana kuikahi no waho o ka reservation.
Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ke kūʻē kūʻē ʻole i kekahi manawa - nā kūʻē kūʻē kūʻē iā Ojibwe off-reservation spear-fishing, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻohana Ojibwe o Wisconsin e pale i kā lākou kuleana ʻohi mai ka pollution ʻōpala. ʻO nā papahana eli i manaʻo ʻia ma ke kahua ʻo Lynne ma Oneida County ma kahi kokoke i ka Willow Flowage, a me ke kahua ʻo Crandon ma Forest County, ua pio i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai nā ʻohana Lac du Flambeau a me Mole Lake Ojibwe i nā kuʻikahi me nā hui kaiapuni a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko e kūʻē i kēia mau papahana.
ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ka hakakā 28 makahiki ma luna o ka Crandon mine i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1995 i ka wā i ʻike ai ka EPA i ka mana mana o ka Mole Lake Ojibwe e hoʻoponopono i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma kā lākou mālama ʻana. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka EPA e hiki ai i ka ʻohana ke pale aku i ko lākou mau moena laiki hihiu i hoʻokahi mile ma lalo o ke kahawai ʻo Crandon i manaʻo ʻia. I Iune 2002, ua hōʻole ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo Kiʻekiʻe o ʻAmelika i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi a ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Wisconsin i ka mana o EPA a ua ʻae i kahi hoʻoholo ʻaha haʻahaʻa e kākoʻo ana i ka pono o ka ʻohana e hoʻoponopono i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma nā wai mālama. Ma hope koke iho, i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 2002, ua kapa ʻia ʻo BHP Billiton, ka ʻoihana mining Australia nona Nicolet Minerals ma Crandon, e haʻalele. "He mau iʻa nui aʻe e ʻai a puni ka honua kahi ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomanawanui i kēia ʻano pilikia," wahi a Dale Alberts, ka pelekikena o Nicolet Minerals. I ka makahiki 2011, ua ʻae ka EPA i ke noi a ke kahawai ʻo Bad River Ojibwe e hoʻonoho i kāna mau kūlana ponoʻī no ka maikaʻi o ka wai no nā wai ʻohana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo T
Hāʻawi ka mana pāpale i ka ʻohana e hoʻomalu i ko lākou mau moena laiki hihiu a me ka lawaiʻa ʻo Lake Superior mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kahe i uka mai ko lākou mālama ʻana. Ua kūʻē ʻo GTac i ka mana wai i manaʻo ʻia e Bad River i ka wā o ka loiloi loiloi a EPA me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā maʻamau "me he mea hiki ʻole" ke hoʻokō ("Ua ʻōlelo paha ka ʻohana i loko oʻu," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 2/18/13). "Mai ka ʻākau o ka mauna ʻo Penokee a hiki i Lake Superior, ua mākaukau ko mākou ʻohana e kū a pale iā Nibi (wai) no nā poʻe āpau a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana," wahi a Mike Wiggins, ka luna ʻohana.
I ka manawa like, ua kono ka ʻohana i ko lākou mau hoalauna ʻaʻole he ʻōiwi i ka ʻaina pāʻina potluck i kēlā me kēia mahina e kūkākūkā ai pehea e hana like ai ka ʻohana a me nā kaiāulu e hoʻomalu i ka ʻāina a me ka wai o ka ʻāina. Ua hōʻike ʻo Ashland Mayor Bill Whalen i ka lōkahi ma waena o ka Ojibwe a me nā kaiāulu kūloko ma kahi hālāwai kūkā ma mua o ke koho balota ʻana i ka Iron Mining Law: "ʻAʻole kēia he hihia Native Sovereign vs. the State of Wisconsin," wahi āna. "He pilikia wai kēia a me ke kānāwai e pili ana iā mākou a pau." Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi manaʻo lehulehu kūʻokoʻa e ke Kulanui o Wisconsin-Superior i ka makahiki 2013 he 61 pakeneka o ka poʻe pane i ka ʻāina hopena o ka mining a i ʻole "kūʻē loa" a i ʻole "kūʻē maʻamau" i kaʻu i manaʻo ʻia.
Ua ʻike ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mokuʻāina i ka pāhana i ka nui o ka poʻe i koho kūʻē i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mine Penokee i manaʻo ʻia ma ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo punawai makahiki ʻo Wisconsin Conservation Congress i ʻApelila 2014. nā kalana i hoʻokomo ʻia ai. ʻO ka Conservation Congress he hui makaʻāinana i koho ʻia e ka lehulehu kahi e hui pū ai nā hui kaiapuni me nā pūʻulu hahai holoholona a lawaiʻa. Ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻahaʻōlelo e aʻo i ka Papa Punawai Kūlohelohe i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kulekele no ka Oihana Waiwai Kūlohelohe ʻo Wisconsin.
I ka pane ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kākoʻo o ka lehulehu no kā lākou papahana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo GTac i nā hālāwai hoʻolohe hoʻokahi-a-hoʻokahi ma ka wahi o ka mining i ka hopena o Iune 2014. Eia naʻe, ua koi ʻia nā manawa i ka mālama ʻana a ua hōʻole ʻia ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia he "anti-mine". ʻO ka Penokee Hills Education Project, he hui kūloko nāna i hoʻohui i nā hoa paio mining ʻōiwi a me nā ʻōiwi ʻole, ua kūʻē i ka hoʻolaha a GTac me kahi pūʻulu o nā hālāwai hoʻolohe i kapa ʻia ʻo "Truth and Reality of the Penokee Mine." ʻAʻole i koi ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hele ʻana ma mua o ke komo ʻana i nā kau o GTac.
GTac Defaults
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua e hiki ai iā GTac ke huki i ka plug ma ka papahana koʻu Penokee ma Ianuali 2015 i ka manawa i haʻi aku ai ka pelekikena ʻo GTac ʻo Bill Williams i ka luna o ka papa ʻo Iron County ʻo Joe Pinardi ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻolilo i ke kālā hou ma ka papahana. He $20,000 ka uku no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi koho hoʻolimalima no 2 mau makahiki ma ka ʻāina kalana ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o ka 3,000 ʻeka kahua. ʻO kēia ka hui like i hāʻawi i $700,000 e kōkua iā Kiaʻāina Walker a me Republicans e hoʻomanaʻo i nā koho balota ma 2011 a me 2012 a e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā balota e hoʻoholo i nā kānāwai mining maikaʻi. Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolimalima, ʻaʻohe papahana mine.
Akā naʻe, ua kūʻē ka waha ʻōlelo GTac ʻo Bob Seitz i nā ʻāpana o ke kānāwai eli i manaʻo ʻia e ke Kalana ʻo Iron e koi i ka hui e uku i nā poʻe loea e kōkua i ke kalana i ka loiloi ʻana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema e pili ana i nā hopena eli. Ua like ko GTac kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻoihana mining a Ashland County i ka makahiki i hala. Ua makemake nui nā luna o ke Kalana ʻo Iron e hoʻokipa iā GTac me ka manaʻolana e hoʻohua i ka hana mining no laila ua hāʻawi lākou e hoʻopaneʻe i ka uku hoʻolimalima a hiki i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ke ʻaiʻē ʻo GTac i ke kalana he $30,000 e uhi i ka makahiki 2015 a hiki i 2017.
ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea i hoʻoulu i ka manaʻo ua mākaukau ka hui e huki i waho o ka papahana. Akā ua haʻi ʻo Seitz i kahi mea hoʻolaha ua manaʻo ʻo GTac e hoʻomaka me kahi mine a ke hoʻolālā hou nei i ka hoʻolālā koʻu e kaupalena i ka pōʻino i nā ʻāina wai ("Gogebic shifts mine strategy," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 2/4/15). Akā inā ʻaʻole hoʻolilo ʻo GTac i ke kālā hou aku ma ka papahana, ʻo wai ka mea e uku nei i nā ʻenekinia no kahi hoʻolālā mine hou?
ʻAʻohe hoʻolālā koʻu hou. Akā, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Kiaʻāina Walker iā Bob Seitz no ke kūlana hope kākau ʻōlelo o ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūlohelohe, ʻo ia ke keʻena like i mālama i kaʻu ʻae. Ma muli o nā leka uila a me nā palapala ʻē aʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Ma lalo o ke kānāwai o ka mokuʻāina, ua noʻonoʻo ke kākāʻōlelo koʻikoʻi o Walker iā Seitz no ke kūlana i ka manawa like (Ianuali 30, 2015) ʻoiai ʻo GTac e hōʻole ana i nā hoʻolālā e haʻalele i ka papahana mine ("Mine lobbyist was up for job," 4/7 /15). Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo Kiaʻāina Walker i ka hāʻawi ʻana ma muli o ke kānāwai federal e pāpā ana i nā paio o ka makemake e pili ana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā palapala ʻae ea a me ka wai. Ma kahi o ka helu ʻelua ma ka DNR, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Seitz i kahi kūlana me ke Komisina ʻOihana Aupuni.
Ua alakaʻi hewa ʻo GTac i ka lehulehu no hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Pepeluali 27 e pani ana ka hui i kāna keʻena ma Hurley, Wisconsin. Ma kahi o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka EPA, ua haʻi aku ʻo Bill Williams i kahi mea hoʻolaha "aia nō kahi subculture ma ka DNR, no ka nele o kahi huaʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo." No ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia subculture i nā papahana eli e hiki mai ana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka waihona kālā a ke kiaʻāina i nā limahana DNR 66 mai ke keʻena ʻepekema, lawaiʻa, nā ululāʻau a me nā hana hoʻonaʻauao. Ua koi ʻo DNR Kakauolelo ʻo Cathy Stepp ʻaʻole haʻalele ka ʻoihana i ka ʻepekema. ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema wale nō.
Ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka EPA a me kahi "'ōmaʻomaʻo subculture" ma ka DNR, ua hoʻohuli ʻo Williams i ka manaʻo mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo GTac i kahi laikini kaiapuni e hana ma ka nānā ʻole ʻana a me ke kāohi ʻana i nā kūʻē i kēia papahana mai nā kamaʻāina pili, nā ʻohana, nā hui kaiāulu a me nā aupuni kūloko. .
"Ua hoʻopunipuni kēia hui i ka lehulehu, kūʻai aku i ka ʻahaʻōlelo a koho pū iā lākou i ke komo ʻana i kekahi o nā hoʻopunipuni nui loa ma ka mōʻaukala ʻo Wisconsin," wahi a ke senator mua Demokarata mokuʻāina ʻo Bob Jauch. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia iā Kiaʻāina Walker a me nā poʻe loio Repubalika nāna i koi i ka mine o ka "genuflecting" i ka ʻoihana mining a hōʻino i ke kaiāulu ma o ka hakakā ʻana i nā hoalauna e kūʻē i kekahi i kekahi ma luna o ka papahana hoʻopaʻapaʻa. “A no ke aha? ʻO nā mea a pau e hiki mai i ka hopena ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mea ke hiki i ka wā mua. Ua ʻaiʻē lākou i nā kamaʻāina o Iron County.
Ua hala ʻo GTac akā ua haʻalele lākou i nā kānāwai e hoʻonāwaliwali loa i nā pale o ke kaiapuni no kēlā me kēia papahana mining e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke Kānāwai Mining Iron he mea nui i kēia manawa no ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina i hoʻōki i ka GTac.
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