E like me nā hui mua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka American Council on Science
a me ke Ola (ACSH) hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli a me nā ʻike kuhi hewa e kāohi i ka ʻepekema,
ʻoiai ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēlā ʻepekema i ka pono o kēlā poʻe
a me nā ʻoihana e loaʻa kālā mai nā hana e hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino kanaka
a me ke kaiapuni.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ACSH ma 1978 e Dr. ʻO Elizabeth Whelan lāua ʻo Frederick Stare.
ʻO ka ʻoihana kākau mua ʻo Whelan i loaʻa kahi hana kākau manuahi no
ʻO ka hui lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Pfizer e hōʻino ana i ka Food and Drug Administration
(FDA). Ua kākau pū ʻo ia no kāna mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā mea kūʻai aku," akā
ʻo ia ka mea e wehewehe pono ʻia e like me nā makasina fashion, e like me
Hoʻopilikia's Bazaar a Glamour. ʻO kāna mau puke hyperbolically-titled Pīhoihoi
i loko o ka hale lole a ʻO ka weliweli weliweli.
Ma 1997 ua komo ʻo Kauka Gilbert Ross me ACSH ma ke ʻano he kōkua limahana. Ua lilo ʻo Ross
ka luna hoʻoponopono o nā papahana lapaʻau no ACSH i Pepeluali 1998, a ma hope iho
Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i luna lapaʻau, a laila hoʻokele hoʻokele ma 1999. ʻOiai
ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia kāna biography ma ka pūnaewele ACSH, ua hoʻohana ʻo Ross i ka makahiki 1996 ma
he hale paʻahao federala ma hope o kona hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana i 46 mahina no kona komo ʻana
i loko o kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻopunipuni i ka papahana Medicaid o New York. Ua komo ʻo Ross
ma hope o ka pane ʻana i kahi hoʻolaha ma ka New York Times hoʻohiki "maikaʻi loa
$$.” Ua hoʻoholo ka luna kānāwai hoʻokolokolo ua keʻakeʻa ʻo Ross i ka hoʻopono ma ka hana ʻana
hoohiki wahahee. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Ross e ka US Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) no ʻumi makahiki mai ke komo ʻana i ka Medicare a i ʻole Medicaid
nā polokalamu. Ua manaʻo ka DHHS "he kanaka hilinaʻi ʻole"
ka mea i hana i nā hana "medically indefensible". Ua loaʻa i kā Ross ʻoihana
ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka Wood Preservative Science Council e kūʻē i nā palapala i kākau ʻia
nā hōʻike e pili ana ka arsenic i ka lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pilikia i ke olakino kanaka
a me ke kākau ʻana ma ka inoa o ka ʻoihana salmon mahiʻai a ka polychlorinated
ʻAʻole hiki i nā biphenyls (PCB) i ka iʻa ke kumu i nā pilikia olakino, me ka maʻi kanesa.
ʻO Ross ke kuleana o nā papahana ʻepekema a me nā paʻi pū kekahi
e like me nā pilikia limahana e pili ana i nā limahana ʻepekema, ma ACHS.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi 2001 ua komo ka papa alakaʻi o ACSH i ka anti-regulatory
nā kānaka ʻepekema e like me ka luna hoʻomalu ʻo A. Alan Moghissi, he Palekana Kūlohelohe kahiko
ʻO ka luna ʻoihana (EPA) i lawelawe ma kahi papa e kūʻē i ka EPA
kulekele e koi ana i ka wehe ʻana i ka asbestos mai nā kula a me nā hale aupuni ʻē aʻe;
ʻO Henry Miller, he luna FDA ma mua, i kēia manawa ma ka Conservative Hoover Institution,
nāna i hoʻoikaika ma ka inoa o Olestra pani momona; pili lehulehu hui
nā loea ʻo Albert Nickel, mai ka hui ʻo Lyons Lavey Nickel Swift, nona
ʻO ka motto "Hoʻololi mākou i nā manaʻo"; a me Lorraine Thelian, he hoa makua
ma Ketchum Communications, nāna e mālama i ka "hana PR environmental" no Dow
Chemical, ka Aspirin Foundation o ʻAmelika, Bristol Myers Squibb, a me
ka National Pharmaceutical Council.
hoʻolako 'ia o
ʻO ke kālā mua no ACSH mai ka ʻēheu ʻākau ʻo Scaife lāua ʻo John M. Olin
Nā kumu. I ka makahiki 1980, hoʻomaka ka hui e ʻae i ke kālā ʻoihana. ʻO kēlā
ʻO ia makahiki hoʻi, ua kākau ʻo Stare ka mea hoʻokumu i ka pilikua paka ʻo Philip Morris e ʻimi nei
kākoʻo kālā: “He leo mākou no ke kumu ʻepekema i loko o ke kai o pseudo
ʻepekema, hoʻonui a me ka ʻike hewa ʻole." Ma ka pololei i ka ACSH, loaʻa iā lākou
mai ka wā i ʻōlelo ʻia ai e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka puhi paka, akā naʻe, loaʻa iā lākou ke kuleana ʻole
paipai 'ia ka ho'ohana 'ana i ka paka 'ole no ka ho'opau 'ana i ka paka.
Ua haʻalele koke ʻo ACSH i ke ʻano o ke kālā kūʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki 1997
Ua wehewehe ʻo Whelan ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia "he wahaheʻe uku no ka ʻoihana,"
no laila hiki iā ia ke hele i mua a lawe i ke kālā ʻoihana me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Whelan ua ʻae ʻo ACSH i ke kālā mai nā hui "ʻoiai ka lōʻihi
no ka mea, ʻaʻohe kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1982, ua waiho ʻo ACSH i hoa-o-ka-aha
pōkole ma kahi hoʻopiʻi i lawe ʻia e ka Formaldehyde Institute. ʻO ka pōkole
i uku ʻia e Georgia-Pacific Co., kahi mea hana nui o ka formaldehyde
a he lālā o ka Formaldehyde Institute. Ua uku ʻo Georgia-Pacific i kāna Wakinekona
loio loio $40,000 e kākau i ka pōkole, a ACSH a laila waiho mai ma lalo o kona
inoa. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Formaldehyde ma ke ʻano he carcinogen kanaka e ka International
'Oihana no ka 'Imi 'ana no ka ma'i 'a'ai a ma ke 'ano he kino kino kanaka paha e ka
EPA.
ʻOiai ke ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole pili ʻia e kāna mau mea hāʻawi, ua alakaʻi ʻo ACSH
he haʻawina "kūʻokoʻa" o nā mea ʻono hana, a laila ʻimi kālā mai
nā hui e like me ka Calorie Control Council e hoʻolaha i nā hopena. Monsanto
a me kāna mau lālā, ʻo GD Searle a me ka Nutrasweet Company, hāʻawi iā ACSH $105,000
i ka makahiki 1992, e hoʻolilo ana iā Monsanto ACSH i mea kālā nui loa. Ma kahi memo kūloko o ka makahiki 1992
Ua uwē ʻo Whelan i ka nalowale ʻana o kā Shell Oil: “I ka wā o kekahi o ka
ʻAʻole kākoʻo nā hui petrochemical honua nui loa iā ACSH, ka
ka mea pale nui o nā hui petrochemical, kahaha ka mea nāna e hana. "
ʻOiai ua kāpae ʻo ACSH i ka papa inoa ʻana i kāna mau mea hāʻawi i ka makahiki 1991, ʻo ka papa inoa o nā mea hāʻawi mai
ʻO ia makahiki ka ikehu, kemika, lāʻau lapaʻau, kaʻa, ʻoihana mahiʻai,
a me nā pilikua meaʻai a me nā mea inu, e like me Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Union
Carbide, ConAgra, a me PepsiCo. Wahi a ka Capital Research Group,
Ua loaʻa iā ACSH he $299,000 i nā haʻawina hui ma 1997, e helu ana
39 ma ka papa inoa o nā hui pili aupuni e loaʻa ana i nā hui
hāʻawi. Ma waena o 2000 a me 2003, ua loaʻa iā ACSH he $90,000 mai nā mea nui
mea hoʻohaumia ʻo Exxon-Mobil. Ma 2003 Whelan i ʻōlelo, "Ma kahi o 40% o ke kālā ACSH
[hele mai] mai nā kumu pilikino, ma kahi o 40% mai nā hui, a me ka
ke koena o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā puke ACSH. Ke koi nei ʻo ACSH e loaʻa kālā
kākoʻo mai "ma kahi o 300 mau kumu like ʻole, me nā kumu, kālepa
nā hui, nā hui a me nā kānaka. "
I ka makahiki 2003 he $326,612 ka uku o Whelan; ʻO Whelan, Stier, a me Ross, ʻekolu
ʻO nā limahana uku kiʻekiʻe loa, ua loaʻa he $638,186.
Nā Pūʻulu Hui Pūʻali
ʻO nā hui mua o nā hui he mau hui i kūlike nā papahana me nā hui
nā makemake, a nona nā pilina i hala a/a i kēia manawa e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano ikaika o
pili kālā a/a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo me nā hui. ʻO nā hui mua o ka ʻoihana
ʻO nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha e hoʻopololei ana i ka ʻepekema; hoʻolaha lākou i ka ʻike kuhi hewa,
ka mea e pōmaikaʻi ai i nā pono ʻoihana a lilo i mea waiwai no ka lehulehu
nā hana pili o ia mau hui, a me ka hoʻoikaika hou aku
kākoʻo kālā ʻoihana. ʻO ia mau pūʻulu, me ACSH, makemake e hoʻolaha
he manaʻo pāʻoihana, conservative.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi aia nā hui e lawe kālā mai nā hui ʻole
makemake kūikawā a hoʻohana i nā moʻolelo a me ka pseudoscience e hoʻolaha i ka makaʻu a
hoʻonui i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke olakino kanaka. He mea maʻamau kēia e pili ana i nā hui
hoʻolaha i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "naturopathic" a me "homeopathic". Ma kekahi
ʻO ka hihia, e hoʻohewa ʻia ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka ʻepekema.
Aia ka nui o nā hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka pili i ka
ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, pili ka ʻoihana kālā me ka hūnā,
hoʻolaha hoʻolaha, a me nā hoʻokolohua i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā hopena maikaʻi
huahana a ka hui. Ua kauoha ʻia nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau e uku
uku nui, kauoha ʻia e ka ʻaha no ko lākou hewa. Ua hoʻohewa maoli ʻo Whelan
Kauka Marcia Angell (ka luna hoʻoponopono mua o ka Engl houa me ka moolelo o
Medicine) no kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻohewa pololei a paʻa pono i ka ʻoihana.
Ua hoʻohana nā puke pai lāʻau nui i nā kulekele i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻemi i ka manaʻo
paʻa i loko o ka ʻoihana noiʻi kālā, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻana o
hoʻolālā aʻo, hōʻike piha i nā kumu kālā, a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā paio
hoihoi i waena o nā mea kākau hoʻoponopono. ʻOiai ke koi nei ʻo ACSH ma ka liʻiliʻi loa
ʻO kāna mau pepa i nānā ʻia e nā hoa, nāna e nānā i nā pepa e hoʻohana ana i nā pae hoʻohālikelike
ʻaʻole maopopo.
Pseudoscience a me Misinformation
ʻO ACSH, kahi ʻoihana waiwai ʻole, e pili ana iā ia iho he "hoʻonaʻauao mea kūʻai
consortium" nona ka papa me "350 mau kauka, ʻepekema, a me nā kulekele
nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo—ka poʻe akamai i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ACSH ʻo kāna "luna
ʻO ka mea nui ke kōkua i nā ʻAmelika e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka mea maoli a me ka hypothetical
pilikia olakino." Eia naʻe, hiki ke wehewehe pono ʻia kāna misionari
e like me ka hōʻike hewa ʻana i nā ʻAmelika e pili ana i ke olakino maoli a me ka hiki, akā koʻikoʻi
nā pilikia ma o ka hoʻokahuli ʻana i ka ʻepekema maikaʻi a me ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO ACSH
Hiki ke ʻohi ʻia ke kūlana ma nā ʻano ʻepekema a me nā pilikia politika
he loiloi o kā lākou pūnaewele, aia kēia mau mea:
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ke kumu mālama, kahi kumu kumu
o ke ola kino. Hoʻopiʻi nā ʻatikala ACSH i ke kumumanaʻo e like me "an
anti-science a me anti-technology phobia," "ke kumu hoʻohālikelike a
elitist," a "ʻoi aʻe ma ke ʻano o ka theology [ma mua o ka ʻepekema." ʻO kekahi ʻāpana
e pili ana i ke kumu hoʻomalu e like me ka mea i hāpai ʻia e United
Nā lāhui, a wehewehe i ka loina ma kēia mau ʻōlelo: “Inā ʻo ka pilikia
ʻAʻole hiki ke kāpae ʻia ka pōʻino, a laila pono ka huahana a i ʻole ka hana pilikia
ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kumu mālama
penei: Ke hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i ka hiki o kahi hana i
hoʻopilikia nui, laha a hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia i ke olakino lehulehu a i ʻole ka
kaiapuni, nā koho no ka pale ʻana i kēlā pōʻino pono e nānā a hahai ʻia,
ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo a hōʻoia ʻia ka pōʻino. ʻO ke kumukānāwai
ʻehā mau mea nui: (1) hāʻawi i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni
ka pomaikai o ke kanalua; (2) hoʻokomo i ke komo ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka
kūkākūkā; (3) hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike ʻepekema, ʻenehana, a me ka socioeconomic;
a (4) e noʻonoʻo i nā mea ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi.
He ʻāpana e hōʻemi ana i nā hopena o ka uahi paka kaiapuni (ETS) ma
olakino olakino: "Ma ka waiho wale ʻana, ke kuleana o ETS i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi
ʻAʻole maopopo a hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa a me ka maʻi puʻuwai."
ʻO ka ETS ke kumu ma kahi o 38,000 mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma United States, e like me
i ka Center for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana i ka nui o nā hopena neurological maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke alakaʻi:
"ʻO nā koi o nā hopena neurobehavioral maʻalahi i nā keiki ma muli o ke koko kiʻekiʻe
ʻAʻole hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae alakaʻi i nā hōʻike paʻa. Hiki i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ke kēpau
hoʻoulu i ka neurological a me ka pōʻino a me ka lohi hoʻomohala.
ʻO ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana "ʻaʻohe…ʻaʻohe kumu koʻikoʻi e manaʻoʻiʻo i nā PCB
hana i kekahi hopena endocrine-modulating (a i ʻole hormonal).
i nā kānaka i ʻike ʻia i nā pae kūlohelohe maoli." Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ACSH
"ʻaʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hoʻoholo ai i nā PCB kaiapuni
hoʻopuka i nā pilikia olakino ma o ka 'endocrine disruption' a i ʻole estrogenic
hopena." Kūlike kēia mau ʻōlelo me nā haʻawina he nui i alakaʻi
i ke kuikahi honua, ka Stockholm Convention on Persistent Environmental
Nā mea haumia.
Dr. ʻo Whelan's ka hoohewa ana i ka EPA''ōlelo 'o PCB ke kumu o ka ma'i 'a'ai, i loko o ia mea
kapa ʻo ia i ka hoʻoholo a ka EPA e koi aku iā General Electric (GE) "e hoʻomaka e wehe
ʻO nā ʻike o nā kinikona mai ka muliwai ʻo Hudson" kekahi o ka "ʻumi lehulehu
nā hana kino olakino o 2005." Me 78 Superfund pūnaewele puni honua (13 i New
York), ʻo GE ka mea hoʻohaumia hui nui loa o ʻAmelika. Ma waena o 1947 a me 1977,
ʻelua o kāna mau mea hana capacitor i hoʻolei i 1.3 miliona paona ("traces")
o nā PCB i loko o ka muliwai Hudson. ʻO ka PCB ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa i loko o nā holoholona keʻena hoʻokolohua
a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka EPA ma ke ʻano he carcinogens kanaka. ʻO lākou pū kekahi
hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ke ake, puʻupaʻa, makaʻu, a me nā ʻāpana hānau.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo "ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā holoholona
Hāʻawi ka mahiʻai i ka pilikia holoʻokoʻa o ka pale ʻana i nā antibiotic
ʻaʻole maopopo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻāhewa ka World Health Organization i ka
ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika ulu i nā holoholona, no kā lākou hāʻawi
i nā maʻi kanaka kūʻē i ka lāʻau antibiotic. Eia kekahi, ke
Ua hoʻoholo ka CDC, ma United States, hoʻohana antimicrobial i ka meaʻai
ʻO nā holoholona ke kumu nui o ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic ma waena o nā meaʻai
maʻi ʻino
He ʻōlelo hoʻolaha e pili ana i nā moʻolelo e ʻōlelo ana e "hoʻoweliweli ka tuna me ka mercury
ke olakino o nā wāhine a me nā pēpē" a ʻo kēlā "kaʻina hana hōʻiliʻili ʻiʻo (sic)
kau i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka pilikia" ʻo ia kekahi o nā "hoʻoweliweli olakino nui loa
o ka makahiki” ma 2006. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina he nui i nā pae
ʻo ka mercury i loaʻa i ka iʻa ma ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai o ke kai, e like me
ʻO ka tuna, he pilikia koʻikoʻi ke olakino no nā kānaka o nā makahiki a me nā kāne.
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ACSH "e mau ana nā nīnau e pili ana i nā hopena olakino, inā
nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka methylmercury i loko o ka meaʻai, i waena o nā keiki,
nā kamaliʻi, a me ka'ōpiopio e ulu ana." ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e waiho nei nā nīnau
o nā ʻano ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai e ulu mau ana nā ʻano āpau me ka hoʻohui
nā haʻawina hou. ʻO ka ʻōlelo "inā loaʻa" ua kū'ē hou ʻia e ka lehulehu
nā haʻawina. Eia kekahi, outbreaks o E. coli mai hamburger, ka piʻi o
nā maʻi antibiotic-kūʻē i ka meaʻai i loko o ke kanaka, a me ka ʻike
o ka bipi i loaa i ka bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“Mad Cow Disease”)
ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki i hala ua lawa ia e hāʻawi i kekahi hoʻomaha hoʻomaha
e pili ana i ka palekana o ka hana ʻiʻo a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka US
He ʻōlelo hoʻohewa no nā pono olakino e hiki ke loaʻa ma ka wehe ʻana i ka momona trans
nā ʻakika mai ka ʻai. ʻO ka meaʻai trans fatty acid ka mea kōkua nui
maʻi maʻi maʻi cardiovascular a ʻaʻohe ona pono olakino i ʻike ʻia. Ua hana ʻo Whelan
ʻO nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe e like me "ʻAʻohe mea e like me ka meaʻai ʻōpala," a
"ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike o ka pilina ma waena o ka meaʻai a me kekahi
maʻi.”
ʻO ka ʻōlelo "ʻaʻohe hopena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka dioxin i nā heluna kanaka."
Eia hou, kū'ē kēia i nā noiʻi ʻepekema. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Whelan i kēlā
ʻO ke aupuni US e hoʻolimalima nui loa i nā pilikia olakino e like me
dioxin a me nā pesticides ma muli o ka "makaʻu kumu ʻole o ka lehulehu i hana ʻia e ke kanaka
nā kemika a me ko lākou ʻike ʻana i kēia mau kemika ma ke ʻano he carcinogens.
ʻO ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana "no ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai ka mea maʻamau
i kapa ʻia ʻo 'kemika kūlohelohe' ʻaʻole lawa ke kākoʻo
ʻO nā hōʻike ʻepekema e hōʻike i ka maʻalahi o nā keiki."
He wahaheʻe kēia no kēlā mau toxins kaiapuni (ka huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e
ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻepekema e kūʻē i ka huaʻōlelo maikaʻi loa o ACSH,
i makemakeia e ka oihana) i aoia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā fetuses
a pilikia loa nā keiki i nā toxins kaiapuni no kēia mau mea
nā kumu: (1) ʻike lākou i ka ʻike nui ʻana i ka paona paona; (2) ko lakou
ʻaʻole oʻo a ʻoi aku ka porous o nā pale lolo koko ma mua o ka poʻe mākua;
(3) Loaʻa iā lākou nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā protein paʻa kemika, e ʻae ana i nā mea hou aku
nā kemika e hiki aku ai i nā kino "kumu"; (4) ʻo kā lākou mau ʻōkana
e ulu wikiwiki ana, a no laila ua maʻalahi i ka pōʻino; (5) kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana
ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kemika ʻoihana; (6)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola e hiki mai ana e hiki ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana nā hopena ʻino;
a (7) i ka wā e hānai ai, aia lākou ma ka piko o ka meaʻai
kaulahao, ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea momona momona i ka waiū umauma.
He leka i wehe ʻia i nā mea hana kulekele e ʻōlelo ana, "ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea manawaleʻa kanaka ma
He mea koʻikoʻi nā haʻawina palekana pesticides. Ua pāpā ka EPA i kēlā
noiʻi e pili ana i nā wahine hāpai a me nā keiki. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa kēia hana
ua hoʻohewa nui ʻia e ka poʻe ethicists a me nā mea hana kulekele.
Nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka “mercury i loko o ka tuna a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe… ʻike ʻia nā meheu pale ahi
i ke koko a me ka waiu waiu, Nā PCB ma ka muliwai Hudson, nā uahi hoʻopau diesel
mai nā kaʻa kula, arsenic i ka wai inu, phthalates i nā mea lapaʻau
a me nā mea pāʻani a nā keiki,…a me ke alakaʻi i loko o ke koko” ma ke ʻano he “hoʻoweliweli olakino phony.” ʻO kēia
he kuleana ʻole a kākoʻo ʻole ʻia e nā reams o ka ʻikepili ʻepekema. Me he hookahi wale no
Eia kekahi laʻana, hopohopo nui ka FDA e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka phthalates i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO nā mea hana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi i ka phthalate-containing
nā mea hana i ka wā e hiki ai, i ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki hānau kāne, hāpai
nā wāhine e hāpai ana i nā keiki kāne, a me nā kāne peripubertal.
ʻO nā ʻōlelo "ʻO ka meaʻai i hoʻomālamalamaʻia he palekana, maikaʻi a me ka meaʻai"A
"ʻaʻole i komo nā isotopes radioactive" i ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻai ʻana,
he hoopunipuni ia mau mea elua.
Hoʻomehana o ka honua
No ka hoʻomehana honua, hāʻawi ʻo ACSH i kāna makana 2005 Sound Science
ia Michael Crichton. Ka moolelo a Crichton Ke Kuhi makaʻu ʻelua mau ʻōlelo,
e like me ACSH: (1) "ʻAʻole kākoʻo nā hōʻike ʻepekema i ka honua
nā makaʻu hoʻomehana-a i ʻole ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi ʻano mehana koʻikoʻi"; a
(2) ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻohenehene (a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa) ʻo ka "neʻe kaiapuni a
ua lele kona alakaʻi uku maikaʻi ma luna o ke kaʻa hoʻomehana honua no ka mea
ma laila ke kālā. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Kauka Whelan iā Crichton no ka hakakā ʻana
"ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli o ka pseudoscience ... i kēia hihia, ka manaʻoʻiʻo o ke kanaka mālama ʻole
ʻO ka hana (ke puhi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku) ua hoʻoweliweli i ka honua
mehana, e hoʻololi ana i ka wā make a me ka pōʻino kanaka. Loaʻa iā ACSH
i hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe e wehewehe i nā hopena koʻikoʻi o ke olakino a me ke kaiapuni
ʻO ka hoʻomehana honua a ke kāhea nei i nā palena wahie fossil ma ke ʻano he "doomsayers"
a me "ka poe makau."
Hoʻouka kaua ma luna o nā ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana ʻepekema
'Ōleloʻo ACSH "pāʻani ia ma nā lula o ka ʻepekema." Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ACSH i kēlā
"ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā hoʻouka ad hominem." Kūʻē kēia i nā hoʻolaha
ma kāna pūnaewele e pili ana i nā lālā o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaiapuni he "mea ʻona
nā mea hoʻoweliweli. Eia kekahi, i loko o kahi harangue i paʻi ʻia ma ka maʻamau-unbiased
He nīnau nīnau kānalua, Hoʻohewa ʻo Whelan iā Kauka Barry Levy a me ka mea hoʻoikaika makaʻāinana
ʻO Erin Brockovich ma ke ʻano he "kanaka ... i ʻimi i nā manawa kālā lawelawe ponoʻī
ma o ka hihia.
ʻO Levy, ka mea i komo ma ke ʻano he loea i ka hihia pili asbestos,
he pelekikena i hala o ka American Public Health Association (APHA) a
ka mea kākau a me ka mea hoʻonaʻauao i mahalo nui ʻia, nona ka ʻoihana i komo pū me ka hana me
ka CDC, ka US Agency for International Development (USAID), a me ka
pelesidena o na Kauka Lapaau no ke Kaohi o ke Kaua Nukelea
(ka lanakila o ka 1985 Nobel Peace Prize). No kāna mau hana he nui, Levy
Ua lanakila 'o ia i ka makana hanohano loa o ka APHA, ka Medal Sedgwick. Ua loaʻa iā Brokovich
ʻO ke kula kiʻekiʻe o Harvard School of Public Health, ʻo Julius Richmond
He makana no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka Pacific Gas a me Electric i ka wai lepo o Kaleponi
me ka chromium-6, i pili i ka ma'i ma'i o ka opu.
Loaʻa i ka ACSH kahi ākea ākea ākea a ʻo kāna pūnaewele e huki i nā helu he nui
o nā kānaka ("he awelika o 100,000 i kēlā me kēia mahina no 2005"). Kauka Whelan
ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka NBC's "Today Show," CNN's "CNN Live," a me CNBC's "Business
ʻO loko. Ua puka mai na mea hooponopono na Whelan a me Ross ma ka New York
manawa a Wall Street Pai, ma waena o nā puke nui ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ka hapa nui
ʻAʻohe pilikia o nā ʻepekema i ka ʻike ʻana ma o ka pseudoscience a
nā manaʻo o ACSH ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou pūnaewele a me nā puke,
hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka poʻe ʻike ʻole me ACSH. Eia kekahi, ka lehulehu lehulehu
hiki ke alakaʻi hewa ʻia e kā lākou mau ʻōlelo, a hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi
kanaka e hoʻololi i ko lākou nohona a i ʻole kūʻai ʻana i nā hana ma muli o ka hopena,
ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi ʻole a me ka make.
Loaʻa i ka ACSH a me nā hui ʻē aʻe kahi moʻolelo o ka hoʻopanee ʻana i nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hana
ma o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi a me nā hoʻopiʻi SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuits Against
ʻO nā ʻaoʻao pilikino, nā hoʻopiʻi i nele i ka pono a hiki ʻole i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana,
akā, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻohuli, hoʻoweliweli, a hoʻopau i ka ʻepekema,
kānāwai, a me nā waiwai kālā o nā kānaka a me nā hui i hāʻawi ʻia i ka lehulehu
olakino). ʻO kēia mau hana, a me nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻoihana (e like me nā ʻaelike huna a me ka hoʻopuka ʻole ʻana i ka ʻikepili maikaʻi ʻole
i kā lākou huahana) e hoʻopilikia i ka noiʻi, ke kauka, a me ka lehulehu
hana ola kino a nā kānaka ʻepekema hanohano a me nā limahana mālama ola kino. Penei
ʻO nā ʻōlelo hewa a nā hui e pili ana i ko mākou mau luna i koho ʻia. Hooweliweli
o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana e hoʻohuli i ka manawa waiwai o nā mea mālama olakino, nā mea hoʻoponopono,
a me nā keʻena kānāwai mai kā lākou ʻoihana noiʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi,
aʻo, kākau, a mālama hoʻomanawanui. ʻO ia ʻano hoʻololi o ka manawa a me ka naʻauao
ʻO nā kumu waiwai ka hana hoʻomāinoino ʻepekema, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau i kēlā mau mea
nāna e kākoʻo i ka ʻepekema maikaʻi. Hiki i ia mau mea hoʻoweliweli ke loaʻa i ka hopena hauʻoli
ʻepekema a me nā kākoʻo mālama ola kino, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoholo he ʻoi aku ka naʻauao
pale i ka paio ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻike i loaʻa iā ACSH a me nā hui like ʻole
e kūʻē paha.
I kēia lā, hoʻonui ʻia nā curricula hoʻonaʻauao ʻepekema lehulehu o ʻAmelika.
Ua hoʻololi ka Administration o kēia manawa i nā hōʻike o ka hoʻoponopono ʻepekema
nā kino a koho i nā komite ʻepekema e pili ana i ka politika
a me ka manaʻo hoʻomana a me nā pilina ʻoihana ma mua o nā hōʻoia hoʻonaʻauao.
I loko o ia ʻano, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā paʻi ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻolaha
e hōʻike i ka hana a nā hui e like me ACSH a no nā ʻepekema e hakakā
e kūʻē i ka hoʻomāinoino o ia mau pūʻulu.
Z
ʻO Martin Donohoe he MD ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko ma Kaiser Sunnyside Medical
Center a he kumu aʻo hou no ke Keʻena Ola Kaiāulu.
He lālā ʻo ia o ka papa ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o Oregon Physicians for Social
kuleana. No ka moʻolelo, ʻaʻole loaʻa iā ia ke kālā ʻoihana no kāna
hana.