ʻO wai ke kuleana nui no ka make ʻana o nā keiki hānau ʻole ma kēia ʻāina? Ke hoʻopiʻi nei au i ke alakaʻi o ka Ekalesia Katolika ma ʻEnelani a me Wales, ʻo kāna Kardinal Kardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor. Ke hoʻopiʻi nei au ʻo ia kekahi o ka hewa no ka nui o ka nui o ka haʻalele ʻana.
E hoʻomaka wau me kahi ʻōlelo kuʻikahi. "ʻO kēlā me kēia manaʻo hoʻomana a me kā mākou manaʻo politika," i kākau ai ʻo Murphy-O'Connor, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohemo ʻana ma UK "hiki ke lilo i kumu o ka pilikia a me ka ʻeha nui no mākou a pau."(1) Pela. Akā, no ke aha i piʻi nui ai? No ka piʻi aʻe o ka liberalism? ʻO ka nele o ka haʻalele? He ʻano ʻē paha ka mea i ʻike ʻia, hōʻike ka hōʻike i ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka pule i hala aku nei ua hoʻopau ka cardinal i ka papa o kahi haukapila ma North London (2). Ua ʻae ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana o kahi GP e neʻe i ka pūnaewele a ʻo nā kauka ma laila, ka weliweli o ka weliweli, ke kōkua nei i nā wahine me ka hoʻolālā ʻohana. ʻOiai ua loaʻa kālā ʻia e ka NHS, ʻo St John a me St Elizabeth's kahi haukapila Katolika, ka mea e pāpā aku i nā kauka mai ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā contraceptives a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā wahine no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ua ʻōlelo ka cardinal makemake ʻo ia i ka haukapila e hāʻawi i ke kōkua olakino "ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka pono o ke kanaka"(3).
Ua hoʻohewa pinepine ʻo Murphy-O'Connor i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana a me ka hāpai keiki. ʻO ia kāna i laila: ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hapa nui o nā hoʻomana ʻo ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā wahine. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākou e ʻae i kāna kūlana, ʻaʻole pinepine mākou e nīnau i kona kūlike a i ʻole nā hopena. ʻO ka manawa kēia i hoʻomaka ai mākou. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i ka make ʻana o nā keiki i hānau ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka pale ʻana.
Ma ka moʻolelo o ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina i loaʻa i ka ʻenehana lapaʻau hou, aia kahi manawa e piʻi ai ka nui o ka contraception a me ka hāpai keiki i ka manawa like. Ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe Kalikiano fundamentalists e pili ana nā ʻano ʻelua, a hoʻoili iā lākou i ka mea i kapa ʻia e ka Pope "he manaʻo secularist a relativist"(4). ʻOiaʻiʻo, he hōʻailona ia o ka hoʻololi demographic. I ka ulu ʻana o nā hui a loaʻa i nā wahine nā manawa kūpono, ʻimi lākou i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. I loko o nā makahiki mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana, paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā contraceptives a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, no laila e hoʻohana pū nā wahine i ka hāpai keiki e kaupalena i ka nui o nā keiki i loaʻa iā lākou. Akā, e like me kahi haʻawina i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai International Family Planning Perspectives e hōʻike ana, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu hānau, hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pale a hāʻule ka nui o ka hāpai keiki. I kēia hihia, hoʻomaka kekahi ʻano i ka mea ʻē aʻe: "ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ʻokoʻa ka hopena i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hānau keiki"(5). E hāʻule ka nui o ka hoʻomake ʻana i ka wā e hoʻohana ana ka 80% o ka heluna kanaka i ka pale ʻana kūpono (6).
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i paʻi ʻia ma ka Lancet ma waena o 1995 a me 2003 ua hāʻule ka helu honua o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana mai ka 35 i kēlā me kēia 1000 wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i 29(7). Kūlike kēia manawa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka "moʻomeheu honua honua" a ke kanikau nei ka Pope (8). Ke nānā ʻoe i nā helu i haki ʻia, ʻike ʻia (koe wale nō ma nā ʻāina o ka Soviet Union mua) ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā hui conservative a hoʻomana. Ma nā aupuni nui o ke komohana ʻEulopa, ʻo ka awelika he 12 abortions no 1000 wahine. Ma nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ka hoʻomana ʻana o ʻEulopa, ʻo ka awelika he 18. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hele ʻana i ka hale pule, aia he 23 abortions no kēlā me kēia 1000 wahine (9), ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua waiwai. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e paʻa nui ai ka Ekalesia Katolika, ʻo 25 a me 33 ka uku. I loko o nā hui conservative o East Africa, he 39(10). ʻO kekahi o nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻo UK: ʻo kā mākou helu he 6 mau helu kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ko mākou mau hoalauna ʻEulopa komohana (11).
ʻAʻole wau e ʻōlelo nei i kahi pilina kumu hoʻokahi ma ʻaneʻi: hōʻike pū ʻia nā helu i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Akā, ua maopopo he mea liʻiliʻi ka manaʻo hoʻomana e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hoʻomake ʻana a me ka nui e hoʻonui ai. ʻO nā helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea āpau - 44 no 1000 - aia ma ka Soviet Union mua. Ma lalo o ka communism, aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā contraceptives. Akā, mahalo i ka loaʻa maikaʻi ʻana o ka contraception, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi o ka emi wikiwiki ʻana: i ka makahiki 1995 ʻelua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe. Ua piʻi iki ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hāpai keiki ma ke komohana o ʻEulopa, i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka Guttmacher Institute ma US i "ka neʻe ʻana o ka poʻe me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike contraceptive." ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana ʻo ia hoʻi ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻomake ʻana.
Aia kekahi pilina maopopo ma waena o ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka nui o ka hāpai ʻana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike a ka United Nations Agency Unicef ma Netherlands, nona ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ka honua, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hāpai ʻana o nā ʻōpio makemake ʻole ma muli o "ka hui pū ʻana o kahi hui like ʻole me nā manaʻo ākea e pili ana i ka moekolohe a me ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine. me ka contraceptive."(13) Ma ka US a me UK, ma ka hoʻokaʻawale, ka mea i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka hāpai ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōpio ma ka honua i kūkulu ʻia, "hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo contraceptive a me nā lawelawe, akā i loko o kahi 'pani' lewa o ka hilahila a me ka hūnā. "(14)
ʻO kahi pepa i paʻi ʻia e ka British Medical Journal i loiloi i nā papahana ʻehā e ʻimi nei e hoʻohuli i nā ʻōpio ma UK e haʻalele i ka moekolohe. Ua ʻike ʻia ua "pili ʻia lākou me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā hāpai ʻana ma waena o nā hoa o nā kāne ʻōpio i komo"(15). ʻAʻole kēia he mea kahaha. E moe ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā mea a ka poʻe mākua e ʻōlelo ai, a ʻo ka poʻe i kamaʻāina ʻole i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā alakaʻi hoʻomana a me nā nūpepa conservative e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka contraception, ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine a me ka moekolohe ma mua o ka male ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hāpai keiki. Kōkua ka cardinal e hoʻomau i kā mākou kūlana weliweli o nā hāpai ʻaʻole makemake ʻia.
Akā ʻoiai ʻo kāna ʻekalesia e hoʻokau nui i ka ʻeha i nā lāhui waiwai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pōʻino i hoʻokau ʻia i ka poʻe ʻilihune. ʻO Chillingly, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka pepa Lancet, ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o ke kānāwai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hāpai keiki. E ho'āʻo nā wāhine ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā lāʻau pale e hoʻopau i ka hāpai ʻana i makemake ʻole ʻia e like me ka hopena. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike a ka World Health Organization e kokoke ana i ka hapalua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka honua i ʻae ʻole a palekana ʻole (16). Ma ʻApelika Hikina a me ʻAmelika Latina, kahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ka poʻe conservative hoʻomana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kānāwai, ʻike lākou no ka aneane pau ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano hana, ʻo ia ka inu ʻana i ka turpentine a i ʻole ka bleach, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kau lole i loko o ka ʻōpū (17) a me ka ʻume ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ka mea e pohā pinepine ai ka ʻōpū, a make ka mea maʻi (18). Ua manaʻo ka WHO ma waena o 65 000 a me 70 000 wahine i make ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kānāwai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ʻelima miliona mau pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻO kēia mau hopena, wahi a ka hui, "ʻo ia nā hopena i ʻike ʻia o nā code kānāwai paʻa."(19) Manaʻo wau ʻo David Cameron, ka mea i hoʻolaha wale nei makemake ʻo ia e kau i nā palena i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kānāwai ma UK(20), ʻike i nā mea ʻē aʻe. kohu like.
Ke haʻi aku nei ka Pope i nā pīhopa ma Kenya, ke kikowaena honua o kēia pilikia, pono lākou e pale i nā waiwai ʻohana kuʻuna "ma nā koina āpau" e kūʻē i nā keʻena e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa palekana (21), a i kona hele ʻana i Brazil e hōʻole i ka papahana contraceptive a ke aupuni(22 ), hoohewa oia i na wahine i ka make. Ke ālai ʻo George Bush i ke kōkua ʻana o ʻAmelika no nā ʻoihana hoʻolālā ʻohana e hāpai ana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa palekana, hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia e hoʻololi ʻia nā contraceptives me backstreet foeticide (23). Hoʻolaha kēia poʻe i ka pōʻino, ka maʻi a me ka make. A kapa lākou iā lākou iho he pro-life.
E lawe mai i ka Apocalypse: ʻEono mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoʻoponopono honua, na George Monbiot, loaʻa no ka £ 10.99 mai ka Guardian Books
E hoʻomaopopo ':
1. ʻO Cardinals Cormac Murphy-O'Connor lāua ʻo Keith O'Brien, 22nd ʻOkakopa 2007. Open Letter ma ka manawa o ka 40th Anniversary of the 1967 Abortion Act mai nā Pelekikena o nā ʻaha kūkā o nā Bishops Katolika o Scotland a me ʻEnelani a me Wales. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00222/Open_Letter_Abortio_222943a.pdf
2. Riazat Butt, 22nd Feberuari 2008. Kauoha ʻo Archbishop i ka papa haukapila Katolika e haʻalele i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa etika. Ke Kiai.
3. ibid.
4. Catholic News Agency, 19th November 2007. E pale aku i ka mare a me ke ola ohana ma na koina a pau, wahi a Benedict XVI i ko Aferika. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=11014
5. ʻO Cicely Marston lāua ʻo John Cleland, Malaki 2003. Nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana: He Review of the Evidence. Nā Manaʻo Hoʻolālā ʻohana o ka honua, Volume 29, Number 1. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2900603.html
6. ibid.
7. Gilda Sedgh et al, 13 ʻOkakopa 2007. Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka ʻōpū: helu ʻia a me nā ʻano o ka honua. ʻO ka Lancet vol 370, pp 1338-45.
8. Ka Nupepa Katolika, ibid.
9. The Guttmacher Institute, Mei 1999. Abortion in Context: United States and Worldwide. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/ib_0599.html
10. Gilda Sedgh et al, ibid.
11. Keʻena o ka National Statistics and Department of Health, June 2007. Statistical Bulletin: Abortion Statistics, England and Wales: 2006. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_075697
12. Hannah Brown, 17 Nowemapa 2007. Abortion puni ka honua. Puke Lapaau Pelekania. doi:10.1136/bmj.39393.491968.94
13. UNICEF, Iulai 2001. He papa liki no ka hanau opio ma na aupuni waiwai. Kāleka Hōʻike Innocenti No.3. UNICEF Innocenti Research Center, Florence. http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/repcard3e.pdf
14. ibid.
15. Alba DiCenso et al, 15th June 2002. Nā hana e hōʻemi i ka hāpai ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā ʻōpio: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Puke Lapaʻau Pelekania 324:1426.
16. World Health Organization, 2007. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa keiki palekana. ʻO nā manaʻo hoʻohālikelike honua a me ka ʻāpana o ka hiki ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa palekana a me ka make e pili ana i ka makahiki 2003. ʻElima paʻi. http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/unsafeabortion_2003/ua_estimates03.pdf
17. Andy Coghlan, 21 o ʻOkakopa 2007. Hoʻemi ka hoʻolālā ʻohana i ka nui o ka hoʻomake ʻana. ʻepekema Hou.
18. World Health Organization, ibid.
19. World Health Organization, ibid.
20. James Chapman, 25th February 2008. Cameron: E oki i ka palena o ka hoopau ana i na pule he 21. Leka i kēlā me kēia lā.
21. Ka Nupepa Katolika, ibid.
22. Tegan Fleming, 21st June 2007. Contraception spree: Ua hoemi ke aupuni o Palakila i na koina hanau no ka poe ilihune. Nūhou Lapaʻau.
23. E nānā http://www.globalgagrule.org/
Paʻi ʻia ma ka Guardian 26th February 2008