"ʻO kekahi o nā mea āu e aʻo ai ma ke ʻano he anthropologist, ʻaʻole ʻoe e komo a hoʻololi i ka moʻomeheu," Ua haʻi aku ka Pelekikena Dartmouth College ʻo Jim Yong Kim i nā alumni waiwai i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ana i nā hana hazing kaulana o ke kula, ma mua o ke noi a Barack Obama i Pepeluali i hala e neʻe ʻo ia i ka World Bank.
Kim's Harvard doctorate a me ke kēkelē lapaʻau, kona hoʻokumu 'ana i ka heroic NGO Partners in Health, a me kona alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka World Health Organization's AIDS mahele i lilo iā ia i mea hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi loa,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Pelekikena Bank i kēia manawa. He ʻumi makahiki aku nei, ua hoʻoponopono pū ʻo ia i ka puke Make no ka Ulu, e kuhikuhi ana i nā kulekele a me nā papahana 'Washington Consensus' he hopena koʻikoʻi ko ke olakino.
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o ʻelua mau 'minerals-energy complex' i ʻae ʻia e kona poʻe mua ʻo Paul Wolfowitz ma 2006 a me Robert Zoellick ma 2010. Pono ʻo Kim e kipa aku no ka mea aia lāua ʻelua i loko o hoʻokahi hola kaʻa mai ka megalopolis ʻo Joburg-Pretoria, nona. He ʻumi miliona kānaka e noho ana ma ka ʻāina paʻa wale ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke gula i ka makahiki 1886.
ʻOiai ʻaneʻane pau i kēia manawa, kūkulu ke gula i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana nui loa o ka ʻāina, e hoʻopuka ana i ka pollution nui a me ke kāʻei ʻana i ka apartheid. Ua hoʻopau nā mines kahiko i ka ʻōnaehana wai me ka Acid Mine Drainage, ʻaʻole hoʻi e haʻi i ke ola o nā haneli haneli o nā limahana hana mua i kēia manawa e waiho nei i nā hoʻopiʻi silicosis e kūʻē i nā hale mining, a i ʻole nā helu like ʻole o nā limahana HIV+ a me kā lākou mau wahine i hoʻi i ka home i nā Bantustans kahiko a i ʻole nā mea kokoke. ʻāina.
Ke hoʻopau hou nei ka Mining i ke olakino o nā limahana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā haunaele socio-ecological ma ke komohana o Joburg, ma ka ʻoihana platinum Marikana, kahi i hoʻolilo ai ka Hui Waiwai Waiwai o ka Bank i $15 miliona ma Lonmin e hoʻonui ai i ka 'hoʻomohala kaiāulu'. Ua ʻae ʻo Wolfowitz i $135 miliona hou i ke kaulike a me ka aie, akā ua hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o ka platinum i ʻelua hapakolu i ka makahiki 2008, a ua kānalua ʻia kahi pili.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai panakō ma ka ʻaiʻē pāhana nui loa a ka Bank: ʻo ka $3.75 biliona ʻo Zoellick i hōʻaiʻē ʻia ma ʻApelila 2010, ka mea nui no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kolu o ka hale mana lanahu nui loa ma ka honua, ma Medupi.
ʻAʻole wale no ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻaiʻē he 20 mau mahina ma mua o ka hoʻokipa ʻana o ka United Nations COP17 i ka hui ʻana o ke aniau, i ka wā i noi ʻole ai ʻo Zoellick i ka lā i hala e hāʻawi ʻia ka mana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ākea. Climate Fund, me ka hoʻohiki ʻana i ka hoʻolilo makahiki e 2020 o $100 biliona.
ʻO ka mea ʻino loa, ʻo Eskom ka mea hōʻaiʻē no Medupi, nāna i kūʻai kūʻē i nā piliona kālā o nā paila turbine mai Hitachi, nona ka hui kūloko o ka African National Congress (ANC) i mālama i ka hapaha 'Black Economic Empowerment'. Ma kahi hakakā o ka hoihoi, ua noho pū ka noho o Eskom, ʻo Valli Moosa, ma ke Kōmike Waiwai ANC, e kiʻi ana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka 'hana kūpono ʻole' mai ka Public Protector.
Ua kūʻē ka hui hui kīwila nui iā Medupi, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka Panel Inspection Panel o ka Bank i ka hōʻaiʻē. Akā i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kipa ʻana o Kim i ka pule i hala, ua ʻōlelo ka Bank "kōkua i ka lawe ʻana i ka uila pono ʻole i nā home".
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai Eskom he 130 pakeneka mai 2008-12 e uku no Medupi ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia e ka mea kūʻai uila nui loa, ʻo BHP Billiton (ʻo ia ka mea e loaʻa ai ka mana haʻahaʻa loa o ka honua ma muli o kahi ʻaelike apartheid-era 40 makahiki), akā na kanaka ilihune maʻamau. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka mana ke kumu nui o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kūʻē kaiāulu, aia ma waena o nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua.
ʻO ka hōʻaiʻē ikehu hou a ka Bank me Medupi he 'lau fig', i haʻi aku ai ʻo Polofesa William Moomaw o Tufts University, he mea kūkākūkā i ka hōʻaiʻē Medupi.
A ʻoiai e like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka Bank Bank, "ʻO ka papahana o ka World Bank Group ma South Africa aia nō i ka wā mua," ua hoʻomaka ka pilina ma 1951, me nā hōʻaiʻē nui iā Eskom e hoʻolako i nā hale keʻokeʻo ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻeleʻele ka uila a hiki i ka makahiki 1980, mahalo. i nā kapu apartheid.
He manaʻo maikaʻi ʻo Kim, e haʻi ana "E haʻalele maoli ana ʻo ʻAmelika," i ka pō o kona haʻalele ʻana i kēia pule. Akā ʻo kāna puke ponoʻī 2011, ʻO ka waiwai loli o nā lāhui, ʻAʻole i ana ʻia ke kapikala ma ke ʻano kālā wale nō akā e pili ana i nā minerala ma lalo o ka lepo, e hopu i ka 'waiwai o nā lāhui' maoli ma ʻApelika.
Ma ke kaʻina hana, ua helu ʻia ka 'pūnaewele i hoʻoponopono ʻia' o ka ʻāina maikaʻi ' 7 pakeneka i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma muli o ka unuhi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi: “Ke ʻai nei ʻo ʻApelika ma mua o kāna loaʻa kālā. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kēia ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kona kapikala [kūlohelohe], e waiho ai i kāna poʻe kamaʻāina ʻilihune a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki ke loaʻa kālā i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Eia ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o Kim: ʻo nā ʻoihana extractive i hāpai ʻia e ka Panakō ke hoʻokumu nei i nā hōʻino waiwai ma Marikana, Medupi a me nā wahi āpau. I ka lā ma hope o ka pepehi kanaka, ua kāhea ka Center for International Environmental Law ma Wakinekona iā Kim e kipa hou i kāna kuleana ma Lonmin a noʻonoʻo hou i ka ʻāpana extractives.
Inā ma hope o ka huakaʻi o kēia pule, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Kim e haʻalele i ka moʻomeheu ʻawaʻawa o nā minerala-ikaika o SA i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia, e lilo hou ia i kahi hihia ʻē aʻe o ka 'make no ka ulu': nā waiwai no ke kapikala multinational ma ka lilo o nā kānaka a me ka honua.
Ua aʻo ʻo Patrick Bond i nā haʻawina hoʻomohala ma ke Kulanui o KwaZulu-Natal ma Durban, kahi āna i alakaʻi ai i ka Center for Civil Society (http://ccs.ukzn.ac.za)