Ma ka lā 3 o ʻOkakopa, 2001, ua kākau wau i kahi ʻōlelo ZNET i kapa ʻia "Forward into the Past: US War Ams." ʻEhā lā kēia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pōʻino. Ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o nā pahuhopu kaua o ka hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua lohe mua mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana no 9/11, ʻo ka hopu ʻana a i ʻole ka pepehi ʻana iā bin Laden a me ke alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe o al-Qaʻida.
Akā, ma muli o ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana a Bush e pili ana i ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli "ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia", ua maopopo e kū pū ana ka Taliban i ka pā. Akā, ua lele ka ʻōlelo o nā keʻena ʻepekema politika mai ka waha o Bush: ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e alakaʻi i ka "kūkulu aupuni," lohe mākou, ʻoiai ʻo "hoʻololi aupuni" aia ma nā kāleka.
E like me kaʻu i kākau ai i kēlā manawa, "ʻo ke kaua kaua US, a laila, ua like me ka hana ʻino a me ka nānā ʻole ʻia ma Afghanistan e like me lākou ma Iraq - e hoʻokahuli i kahi aupuni hewa a hoʻonoho i kahi ʻē aʻe, akā i kēia manawa aloha me ka US." I koʻu kākau ʻana no Iraq i kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo wau i ke Kaua Gulf o 1990-91, ʻaʻole ka haunaele e hiki mai ana.
No laila, kūpono, i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, e loiloi i ka manaʻo o ke kaua, e ʻike i ka mea a ka US i hana ai me ke kaua a me ka ʻāina, e helu i nā moʻolelo o ke kaua ʻelima o Afghan.
(1) Ua hala ka Taliban mai ka mana. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻonui nui ka Taliban i kona manaʻo pono'ī o ka pūʻali koa iā ia iho: he pūʻali koa hapalua, i lawe wale i ka mana ma Kabul i ka makahiki 1996 no ka mea, ua hāʻawi aku ka ISI o Pakistan iā ia i ke kākoʻo logistic, hāʻawi ka Saudi i ke kālā a hāʻawi ka CIA iā ia.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka Taliban ke lanakila i ko Rabbani pūʻali ma kāna iho. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka pā kaua o ka pūʻali koa US he mea lapuwale ia, e kū kūʻē ia i kahi pūʻali koa nona ka waihona kālā makahiki (a laila i ke kani o $ 320 biliona) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka GNP o Afghanistan (ʻoiai me ka poppy) he mea noʻonoʻo.
I loko o nā kaua mua ʻekolu o ʻApelika (1839-42, 1878-80 a me 1919) ua nānā nā pūʻali koa Afghan i ka poʻe Pelekania i ke komo ʻana i nā ala Bolan a me Khyber, a alo iā lākou no kekahi mau hoʻouka kaua, a laila holo i ka ʻākau a hiki i Mazar-e-Sharif, i e kali i ka hoʻouka kaua a hiki i ka hoʻoilo i hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā Pelekane i ka hema i India. I kēia manawa hoʻi, ua kau ka Taliban i kā lākou mau kaʻa kaʻa nani, a holo aku i nā kahua kaua ʻākau a hiki i Kandahar, nalo aku i loko o nā hovel kuaʻāina a me nā kīhāpai pahū kahi i hele mai ai a i ʻole i holo ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka palena a hiki i Pakistan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
(2) Ua make ka nui o ka poʻe ʻo Marc Herrold o ke Kulanui o New Hampshire i ka pōʻino o ka lewa ma kahi o ʻehā tausani. ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻu ke aupuni US i kahi helu mana. Akā, hoʻomau ka poʻe kīwila. ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka pāʻina male hoʻokahi moʻolelo, akā aia nā moʻolelo ʻē aʻe o nā drones e kī ana i nā kāne lōʻihi (ua kuhi hewa ʻia e nā mea nānā no bin Laden).
Ma Kunduz Province wale nō, ka British NGO Halo Trust, ua manaʻo he kanawalukūmākolu mau kānaka kīwila i pepehi ʻia e nā pūʻulu pūpū i hāʻule i loko o nā kīhāpai, noho moe, a pahū i ka wā e hele ai ka poʻe mahiʻai e hana i kā lākou mau māla. Ma nā panalāʻau ʻākau a pau o Afghanistan, hōʻike ke aupuni ua make kēia mau pōkā ma luna o ʻewalu haneli kānaka. Ua manaʻo ka United Nations he ʻumi makahiki ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kēia mau pōkā a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o $500 miliona.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka Warlordism, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻāpana like ʻole i ko lākou mau lima, e hakakā kekahi i kekahi a hoʻomau i ka militarization o ka ʻāina. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo Afghanistan wale nō kahi e amo ai i ke kaumaha o ka hana ʻino. E noʻonoʻo i nā wahine ʻehā i pepehi ʻia e kā lākou mau kāne Special Forces ma Fort Bragg ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana o nā kāne mai ke kaua. ʻO kēia mau wāhine ʻehā, he poʻe kīwila nō hoʻi lākou i ke kaua.
(3) Ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ka Taliban, ua kau ka US i aupuni ma luna o nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea mua me he mea lā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o Hamid Karzai (me ka troika mai ka Northern Alliance - ʻo Abdullah Abdullah ma ke Kuhina o ko nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo Mohammed Farim ma ke Kuhina Defence a me Younis Qanooni ma ke Kuhina Kalaiaina) he manawa pōkole wale nō, i ka wā o nā lunakahiko o Afghan. hoʻākoakoa ʻo loya jirga, ʻo kā lākou makemake e hoʻopuka i ke aupuni.
I kēia manawa, mamao loa kēia mai ka democracy, akā aia kahi manaʻo racist e kāhea aku i ka "relativism moʻomeheu" e hōʻoia i kēia mau hana democratic ma kahi ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāina keʻokeʻo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka Hale Paʻa ke nānā aku i kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke kūʻokoʻa. I ka wā i manaʻo ʻia ai ʻo Zahir Shah, ka hope o kahi kaona Roma, i lilo i alakaʻi o ka ʻāina ma muli o kahi nostalgia kūikawā no ka mōʻī, ua komo ʻo ʻAmelika a ʻōlelo iā ia e hoʻihoʻi i kona inoa.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Karzai lāua ʻo Zalmay Khalilzad, ke aliʻi kahiko, makemake nui i ka chess a me ka kofe maikaʻi. I ka wā i koho ʻia ai ʻo Karzai i poʻo o ka mokuʻāina, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Christina Rocca, ke kākau ʻōlelo kōkua o ka mokuʻāina no ʻAsia Hema a me ke kākāʻōlelo mua o nā kulekele ʻē aʻe iā Senatoa Sam Brownback (Republican-Kansas), "No mākou, ʻo ia nō ʻo Hamid, he kanaka mākou. ua hana ʻia no kekahi manawa.
ʻO Khalilzad ka US Special Envoy i Afghanistan a, ma mua o 9/11, ke kākā'ōlelo o ka National Security Council a me ka loea Afghan wale nō i ka Bush White House. Ua hānau ʻia ma Mazar-e-Sharif, ua haʻalele ʻo Khalilzad iā Afghanistan e aʻo ma ke Kulanui ʻAmelika ma Beirut i ka makahiki 1970, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi PhD ma ke Kulanui o Chicago, a laila ua komo ʻo ia i ke kula ʻepekema politika o Columbia University (e hana pū me ke kanaka Carter mua, ʻo Zbigniew Brzezinski. ).
I ka makahiki 1984, ua lawe ʻo Khalilzad i kahi kūlana ma ke Keʻena Moku'āina a ua lilo ʻo ia i loea kamaʻāina ma Afghanistan i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka jihad i kākoʻo ʻia e CIA i nā Soviets. Ua hana ʻo ia me ka ultra-hawk Paul Wolfowitz, haʻalele i ka hoʻokele Reagan no ka Rand Corporation a laila hoʻi i ka ʻoihana mokuʻāina ma ke keʻena hoʻolālā kulekele ma lalo o Wolfowitz i ka wā o ka hoʻokele ʻana o GHB.
Ke hana nei ka hui Karzai-Khalilzad ma ke ʻano he poʻokela no ka makemake o ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻolako kālā ke aupuni US i ka papahana o ka "kūkulu aupuni" ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kāna mau pūʻali koa ma ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻouna ʻo US iā Tommy Thompson i Afghanistan ma 8 ʻOkakopa 2002, kahi āna i hoʻolaha ai ʻaʻole makemake ke aupuni i ka "hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā aupuni hoʻokaumaha," akā ʻo "kōkua i nā pono o kēlā me kēia lā o kou poʻe."
Ke hana wale nei ʻo ia i ka propaganda no ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana ma Iraq. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo iā Tommy Thompson (ka Butcher of Welfare) e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i nā "pono o kēlā me kēia lā o ka poʻe ʻAmelika"!
(4) No laila ua hoʻi hou nā hui honua i ka noho. Ma ka lā 30 o Mei 2002, ua kau inoa ʻo Pakistan, Afghanistan a me Turkmenistan i kahi ʻaelike $2 biliona no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka paipu kinoea mai Dauletabad gasfield a hiki i ke awa ʻo Gwadar ma Pakistan. Ua haʻalele ka Pelekikena Musharraf o Pakistan i ka manawa paʻakikī ma ka palena me India e hui pū me Karzai a me Niyazov o Turkmenistan ma Islamabad e kau inoa i ka ʻaelike.
ʻO Karzai-Khalilzad nā lima Unocal kahiko i kēia manawa e hana no ke kapikala honua ma ka laulā, inā ʻaʻole ʻo Unocal. Ma ka waena o 1990s, ua hana ʻo Khalilzad ma ke ʻano he kūkākūkā no ka Cambridge Energy Research Associates a ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi loiloi pilikia o kahi pipeline Afghan no Unocal ma lalo o kēia auspices. ʻOiai ma ka mālama ʻana mai CERA a me Unocal, ua pale ʻo Khalilzad i ka Taliban ma ka Washington Post (ʻOkakopa 1996),
"ʻAʻole hana ka Taliban i ke ʻano anti-US o fundamentalism i hana ʻia ma Iran." I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i nā malihini Taliban o Unocal ("ʻEhā mau makahiki i hala aku nei," i hōʻike ʻia e ka Post i Nowemapa o 2001, "ma kahi hōkele ʻo Houston maikaʻi, ua kamaʻilio leʻaleʻa ʻo Zalmay Khalilzad, kākāʻōlelo hui ʻaila i ka ʻaina ahiahi me nā alakaʻi o ke aupuni Taliban o Afghanistan e pili ana i kā lākou kaʻana like. ohohia no ke kuikahi paipu-piliona dala i manaoia").
ʻO Karzai pū kekahi me ka Taliban i kēlā manawa, me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i kahi hāʻawi kālā no ka ʻae ʻana iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka Taliban i ka UN. ʻO Karzai, i kēia manawa, ua hana ma ke ʻano he kūkākūkā no Unocal. I ka nalowale ʻana o ka Taliban i ka makahiki 1998, ua hui pū ʻo Khalilzad me ka hoa hana RAND ʻo Daniel Byman i mea kākau "Afghanistan: The Consolidation of a Rogue State."
ʻOiai lākou i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai, "ua hoʻomalu ʻia ʻo Afghanistan e kahi aupuni rogue, ʻo ka Taliban" (ua haʻalele ʻo Khalilzad's 1996-7 loiloi), ua hoʻi nā mea kākau i ka honua o ka aila: nā ʻāina paʻa ʻole e like me ke Kaiwa Persian a me ka palena Indo-Pakistani. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ulu ka mea nui o Afghanistan i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaila aila a me ke kinoea o Central Asia, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūkū i nā mea o ke Kai ʻĀkau, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hana nui i ka mākeke ikehu honua. Hiki iā Afghanistan ke hōʻoia i kahi ala kūpono no kēia ikehu a me ke komo ʻana i nā mākeke ma Central Asia.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, i ka hōʻole ʻana i kāna hana no Unocal, ua haʻi ʻo Khalilzad i ka Los Angeles World Affairs Council, "Ua makemake kahi hui Kaleponi i kapa ʻia ʻo Unocal e ʻimi i kēlā koho [o ka pipeline Afghan], akā no ke kaua ma Afghanistan, no ka mea. ka instability i laila, kēlā mau koho, a i ʻole kēlā koho, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia.
Hiki iā mākou ke nānā i mua i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kinoea ma ka laina paipu, e hānai ana i ka mākeke huhū ma India (he mākeke i hoʻowalewale iā Enron e kūkulu i kahi mea kanu mana kinoea momona scam-heavy).
(5) Ua hāʻawi mai ka New York Times iā mākou i nā hōʻike he nui e pili ana i ka "kuʻokoʻa" o nā wahine Afghan. Ua lohe mākou ua hele wale lākou ma ke alanui, hele i ke kulanui, a ʻo ka mea nui loa (no ka mea ʻoi loa kēia mau moʻolelo), ua lohe mākou ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ko lākou lauoho a hoʻopaʻa i ka make-up. ʻO ka Times, i ka mahina i hala aku nei, ua holo i kahi moʻolelo mai Nigeria e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā kūlana nani ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o kahi wahine Nigerian i Miss World ma 2001.
Wahi a kekahi wahine, mahalo i ke akua ua hiki mai kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i nā wahine momona ke kūlana o ka nani. He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko Beauty Pagents ma US, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou kuleana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ma ka pae honua. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Miss World pageant e Eric lāua ʻo Julia Morley i ka makahiki 1951 ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha no kā lāua hui, ʻo Mecca, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he "hui leʻaleʻa" (ka huakaʻi, ka leʻaleʻa i ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe).
I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Julia Morley i ka huaʻōlelo "Beauty with a purpose" a lawe i ka ʻaoʻao i ke kahua honua. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana au i kahi noiʻi no ke aha i lanakila ai ka nui o nā wahine India i kēia mau ʻaoʻao i ka makahiki 1990, a ua loaʻa mai ka pane ʻo ia paha ka mea e hōʻike iā mākou e makemake ana nā hui honua e hoʻolālā i ka mea kūʻai aku India i kahi hihiʻo o ka nani. ka mea kiaʻi mua ʻaʻole wale no nā huahana nani, akā no ka ʻoihana mea kūʻai aku holoʻokoʻa (ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka makemake e hoʻololi i nā mea nani i nā mea e pono ai).
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka papa waena o ʻApelika, ka mea e manaʻo nui i ke kino anorexic o ka waif ma mua o ka lehulehu o nā ʻano o mākou kanaka. No laila, ʻo ka mea ʻAmelika i lawe ʻia aku i ka waena waena o Afghan, ʻo ia ka manaʻo sexist o ke kino o ka wahine i ke ala e ana i ke kūʻokoʻa - ma ʻaneʻi i kaupalena ʻia i ke kūʻokoʻa e hoʻomākaukau iā ia iho no ka nānā kāne. ʻAʻole kēia ke kūʻokoʻa i koi ʻia e ka Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan.
(6) ʻO ka hope, ʻaʻole paʻa ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia hoʻokahi pepehi kanaka iā Karzai, i kēia manawa pono ʻo ʻAmelika e kiaʻi iā ia. Ua ʻike mākou he pono ke kūpono nā koho balota hou ma Pakistan, no ka mea, ma nā panalāʻau e pili ana iā Afghanistan (ka Northwest Frontier Province a ma Baluchistan), ua lanakila ka Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) a i ʻole United Action Forum i ka hapa nui o ka. nā noho. ʻO ka MMA kahi hui o nā Islamist radical pro-Taliban e kūʻē ana i ka hui kuʻikahi o Pelekikena Musharraf me ʻAmelika, ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kūʻē nei lākou i ka noho ʻana o ʻAmelika ma ia wahi.
Ua haʻi aku ʻo Qazi Hussain Ahmed o ka MMA i ka poʻe paʻi ma hope koke o ka ʻike ʻana ua loaʻa i ka poʻe Islamist nā lanakila i loaʻa ʻole ma mua o ka MMA e koi aku i ka US e haʻalele i kona mau kahua ma Pakistan. ʻAʻole kēia he manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, akā mai kahi pāʻina e hoʻokiʻekiʻe nei i ka Taliban a ua lilo i mana ma muli o ke kaua ʻelima o Afghan. ʻO ka adventurism ma Kashmir kahi hōʻailona o ke kaua.
ʻO ka inability ka hoʻonohonoho o ke kaiāulu i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ʻo US i kahi nui o nā kumu: ʻelua ma Afghanistan, he nui ma Pakistan (ʻo Jacobbad ka mea nui), hoʻokahi ma Khanabad, Uzbekistan, ka waihona Manas ma Kyrgyzstan, hoʻohana i ka mokulele Almaty ma ʻO Kazakhstan, nā kahua ma Khujand, Kulyab a me Kurgan-Tyube ma Tajikistan a hope loa, hoʻohana i nā mea India a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa pūʻali koa i India. Aia ka US Empire, akā ʻaʻole kaulana, kahi ʻano pilikia.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka pale kaulike o ke kaua ʻelima Afghan no ke kaua Iraq. Ke lohe nei makou i na leo o ke aupuni koa, o ka Iraqi mokuahana, o ka haawiia ana o na Generala Iraqi i ka aina. Pono kekahi e haʻalulu i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, a ʻike hoʻi e ʻā mau ana nā ʻōpala o ke kaua ʻelima o Afghanistan, a hoʻomanaʻo mai lākou iā mākou ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia ka imperialism ma kāna ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole ka hoihoi i ka poʻe, akā ka mana politika a me nā kumuwaiwai o mana.
E hoʻokuʻu i ka Bush, ʻaʻole ka Bomb. A i ʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka Hope Pelekikena Iraqi, e ʻae iā Bush lāua ʻo Saddam i kahi duel. A i ʻole pāʻani chess.