ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua weliweli ma Sepania i hoʻololi i ke aupuni; ua hoʻololi nā kidnappings ma Iraq i ke ʻano o ka hui. Ua hoʻopakele ʻo Pilipine i kekahi o kona mau makaʻāinana ma ka huki ʻana i kāna pūʻali koa kanalimakūmākahi. He kanakolukūmālua mau ʻāina e noho nei ma lalo o ka lima ikaika o ʻAmelika, nāna i ʻōlelo no lākou ma ʻAukake 5th, "Ua lokahi mākou i kā mākou hoʻoholo e ʻae ʻole i nā mea hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hāʻule i nā hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli."
Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻaihue e hoʻoholo i ka poʻe kīwila ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻaihue, a hoʻohana i ko lākou ola i mea e koi ai i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pūʻali a i ʻole ke kākoʻo logistical.
I ka wā i pepehi ai kekahi poʻe ʻaihue i kahi kaʻa kaʻa Tureke, ua hoʻokuʻu ka hui o nā kaʻa kaʻa Turkish i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kā lākou mau lālā e hoʻokele waiwai i nā kahua o US. I ka hāʻule ʻana o ʻelua mau Inikini i ka lima o ka poʻe ʻaihue, ua hōʻike hou ke aupuni ʻĀina hou i kona kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻonoho ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻali India ma Iraq, a ua noi aku i kona poʻe kamaʻāina e hōʻole i ka waiwai i hoʻohiki ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻolimalima.
Aia i kēia manawa kahi palapala nui e pili ana i ka poʻe malihini. ʻO nā wahi o ka honua i pepehi ʻia e ka IMFundamentalism a me ka luku ʻana i ka mahiʻai i hana ʻia e nā conglomerates e like me Cargill a me ADM ua hoʻopuka i kahi poʻe makehewa a keu aʻe i ka ʻaiʻē a nele i kahi huna nui o ke kapikala: ua mākaukau nā ʻohana e hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻawale lōʻihi a me ka pilikia e loaʻa kekahi. kālā wikiwiki e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou mai ka paʻa ʻana o ka poʻe hāʻawi kālā a me ka pepehi kanaka agrarian.
Ua haʻalele kekahi o nā kāne India i Iraq i kona kauhale ma Punjab waiwai nui no ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna ʻohana ma kahi o $15,000. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o nā sub-contractors i kēia mau kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale e huki i nā limahana no ka "hana hou ʻana" Iraqi.
Hoʻolimalima lākou i kahi uku ma kahi o $2000 mai India a Iraq, a hoʻohiki lākou e loaʻa i nā poʻe i nā hana e uku ʻia he $900 i ka mahina. Lawe ʻia nā limahana i Iraq, hāʻawi ʻia i nā subcontractors e hana nei no nā ʻoihana US a hana i nā hana haʻahaʻa loa.
ʻO kahi ʻatikala ma India Abroad nūpepa na George Iype (Iulai 16) hāʻawi iā mākou i ka hōʻike o kahi kanaka mai Kerala, ʻo Peter Thomas, i hana ma Iraq a laila hoʻi ʻole i ka home ma hope o ʻeono mahina. Ua kiʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma kona kūlanakauhale home e hele i ka hana ʻai ma Ioredane, ua lawe ʻia ʻo Thomas e kāna sub-contractor e kūʻē i kona makemake e hana ma ka ʻāpana holoi lole o kahi kahua hoʻomoana o US ma ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Sunni Triangle o Iraq.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohiki ka poʻe ʻaelike iā Thomas a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e like me ia i ka uku kiʻekiʻe e uku ai i kā lākou uku ʻana, ua ʻike lākou he hapa wale nō. Aia ma laila, ʻōlelo lākou ua ʻōlelo nā luna o ʻAmelika e mālama ana iā lākou he $250 kā lākou uku ma ka mahina, akā no ka mea e uku ʻia lākou no ka lumi a me ka papa, ʻike lākou he $160 wale nō.
“Ua hana ʻino ʻia mākou ma mua o nā holoholona. Noho mākou i loko o nā cubicle maloʻo i loko o kahi hoʻomoana pūʻali koa makeshift. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā mākou ka meaʻai i ka manawa. Ua kapu mau ko makou nee ana. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā mākou nā nūpepa e heluhelu ai. Ua ʻae ʻia mākou e kelepona i ko mākou mau home hoʻokahi wale nō i ka mahina. "
ʻO kēia mau uku ma lalo o ka mea i hoʻohiki ʻia i ka poʻe hana ʻaelike, akā ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka uku maʻamau ma Iraq. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike ʻo ʻOkakopa 2003 mai ka US Labor Against the War, "Ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā limahana i $60/mahina, kahi pākēneka liʻiliʻi $120, a me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā luna a me nā luna) $180." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono kēia mau limahana Iraqi e hoʻokuʻu i nā uku kiʻekiʻe i ka sub-contractor no ka lawe ʻana iā lākou i kā lākou wahi hana (he huina e like me ka ʻumi mahina o kā lākou uku).
E hoʻohālikelike i kēia me nā limahana US ma Iraq. ʻO kahi moʻolelo Houston Chronicle (na Jenalia Moreno lāua ʻo Bill Hensel, ʻApelila 14) ma KBR-Halliburton limahana hana, hoʻolauna iā mākou iā Michael Tovar ʻaʻole like me nā kāne ma ka moʻolelo a George Iype. He kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo Tovar i kākau inoa e hana i ʻumikūmālua hola e puʻunaue ana i ka wahie no ka uku makahiki e ʻoi aku ka "ʻumi kaukani kālā" ma mua o kāna uku kaʻa kaʻa i kēia manawa ma kahi o $30,000 a i $40,000.
E like me nā limahana hana ʻaelike mai Kerala, ua haʻi ʻo Tovar i ka media ʻo ke kumu nui o kāna huakaʻi he kālā. E loaʻa koke ana kāna wahine me kāna keiki, no laila ʻoiai ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka hana, "E hele ana wau i laila e hana i kahi wā e hiki mai ana nona."
Ua kapa ʻo Halliburton i kēia poʻe limahana ʻAmelika he "poʻe manawaleʻa wiwo ʻole." ʻO nā limahana India, e like me ko lākou mau kaikunāne mai nā aupuni ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe e hana nei i ka haʻahaʻa o nā kahua hoʻomoana o ʻAmelika, he manaʻo ʻokoʻa ko lākou kūlana: e like me kā Peter Thomas i ʻōlelo ai iā George Iype, "He kauā ma laila ma kahi hoʻomoana ʻAmelika."
ʻEhā mau limahana ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa i kahi hoʻopiʻi ʻino loa ʻaʻole i kūkākūkā ʻia ma ka US: i ka wā i makemake ai ka poʻe limahana ma kahi hoʻomoana o US e hoʻi i ka home, ʻōlelo lākou, "ua hahau nā pūʻali ʻAmelika i kekahi o lākou." ʻO kēia mau limahana, me kā lākou mau hana ʻo Abu Ghraib, ua lilo ia i mea ʻai no kēlā mau pūʻali koa i hoʻopaʻa wale i nā waimaka o ka US media.
Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻatikala aʻu i ʻike ai ma ka pāpaho ʻoihana US e hōʻike ana i ka pilikia o ka poʻe hana ʻaelike. Ma ka 1 Iulai, ua holo ka Washington Post i kahi ʻatikala maikaʻi a Ariana Eunjung Cha i kapa ʻia "Underclass of Workers Created in Iraq: He nui nā haole limahana e loaʻa ka uku haʻahaʻa, meaʻai a me ka hale." Ua ʻai nui ʻo Halliburton (KBR) i ka puaʻa aupuni ma Iraq, kākau ʻo Cha, akā "Ua loaʻa mai kāna mau waiwai ma muli o ka hana paʻakikī o nā poʻe e like me Dharmapalan Ajayakumar, a hiki i ka mahina i hala aku nei i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua kīhini ma kahi kahua kaua."
Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi a Ajaykumar e ka nui o nā limahana aelike mai Asia Hema i ʻōlelo ai: ua mālama ʻia lākou e like me nā limahana papa ʻelua a ʻekolu paha ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kā lākou mau hoa US, ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā meaʻai a me nā hale noho, a ʻo nā Hindu ʻelua. a ua koi ʻia ka poʻe Mahometa e lawelawe a ʻai paha i ka pipi a me ka puaʻa.
E like me ka haʻalele ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Pelekania i nā sepoy India ma Singapore i ka wā i hāʻule ai ke kūlanakauhale i ka poʻe Kepanī, i ka wā i hoʻouka ʻia ai ko lākou kahua hoʻomoana ma Iraq i ka poʻe limahana US "puka i waho me nā lako pale piha a lele i loko o kā lākou mau kaʻa," aʻo "ka poʻe hana kīhini. ʻōlelo ʻia e kū i waho ma kahi kokoke i kahi hale lole i kā lākou mau lole moe. ʻO Abdul Aziz Hamid, ka mea i kamaʻilio pū me George Iype o India Abroad, haʻi iā Cha, "ʻAʻole aloha ka ʻano o ka poʻe. Ke hana nei mākou i kahi lawelawe no kēia poʻe akā ua hoʻōho lākou iā mākou a kamaʻilio mai iā mākou.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi moʻolelo Reuters (ʻAukake 6) i kahi hui o nā limahana India i hele mai i Arbil (ʻĀkau ʻĀkau) e hoʻoponopono i nā laina uila. ʻAʻole hana kēia mau limahana ma nā kahua US, akā ua noho lākou i nā kahua hoʻomoana hana i ʻike ʻia ma nā mahiʻai o Kaleponi a i ʻole ma kahi o nā "ʻāpana kālepa manuahi" ma Sri Lanka. Noho nā limahana he ʻumi a ʻoi i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi, kahi e mahana mau ai nā moena mai ka hiamoe ʻana i nā loli.
Ma mua o ka hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou no ka lawe ʻana i kā lākou mau hana, hōʻike ʻo Kurds kūloko i ko lākou kaumaha i ko lākou kūlana minamina. "Hele mau lākou i nā alanui ma hope o ka hana no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou TV a i ʻole ea ea," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Putros Izhat, kahi mea ʻai palaoa. “He mea minamina ia iā mākou. ʻAʻole lākou e lawe i kā mākou mau hana. Aia nā Kurds i kahi kūlana maikaʻi i kēia manawa a ʻaʻole pono mākou e hana i kēia hana.
I kēia manawa, e like ka Iraq me nā emirates ma ka hema o ia. E lawe iā Kuwait ma ke ʻano he laʻana, kahi o ka 2.2 miliona poʻe, ʻo ka poʻe limahana hana he 1.5 miliona (a i ʻole kokoke i 70% o ka heluna kanaka). Hōʻike ʻo Ray Jureidini o ke Kulanui ʻAmelika o Beirut "ʻo nā hana haumia, weliweli a paʻakikī hoʻi e pili pū me nā limahana haole (Asia a me ʻApelika) a hiki i nā lāhui o kēia mau ʻāina e hōʻole i ka hana, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻilihune a me ka nele i ka hana. .”
No ka poʻe paʻahana, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana, no ka nele o nā kuleana o nā limahana.
"ʻO nā limahana manawa," wahi a Jureidini, "ua hoʻopili maʻamau i ke kākoʻo / paʻahana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o kahi ʻaelike hana, a i ia manawa e koi ʻia ka limahana e loaʻa i kahi palapala hou hana a haʻalele paha i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā limahana manawaleʻa e haʻalele ana i kā lākou mau mea hana/mea kākoʻo (a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo e holo) ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
ʻO ka nele o nā pono kanaka no kēia poʻe malihini e lilo lākou i mea ikaika ʻole, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka waiwai o ka hana a lākou e hana nei. ʻOiai i ka wā ma mua, ma mua o 1977, he moʻolelo ikaika nā uniona hana o Iraq no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i kekahi mau manawa o ka hana a me ka hakakā ʻana no ka uku a me ka mana, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka hana ma Iraq e loaʻa i nā hopena lōʻihi.
Ua hōʻole ka pūʻali koa US e noiʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi. Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou inā he pilikia a laila pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka mea hana ʻaelike. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo KBR ʻaʻohe kumu o lākou e noiʻi ai i kekahi mea, no ka mea, he hoʻopunipuni nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi: ʻoiai lākou e hoʻomau nei ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia kēlā mau kūlana.
I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo KBR a me ke aupuni US e hoʻolike wale ana i nā ʻoihana transnational ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā mea hana ʻenehana e pale iā ia mai ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana. Hiki iā KBR ke hoʻouna maikaʻi i kekahi o kāna mau haʻiʻōlelo i ka nūpepa nūhou a me ke kahawai ʻo Kathie Lee Gifford, "Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo he ʻino wau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo ʻaʻole wau akamai, akā ke ʻōlelo ʻoe ʻaʻole wau e mālama i nā kānaka?. Pehea ʻoe!"