Bagdikian
Hiki ke lilo i ka manawa maikaʻi loa a i ʻole nā manawa maikaʻi loa, akā
ina i ka pomaikai a me ka emi ana, hookahi no mau ma Amerika Huipuia
hoʻokele waiwai–ua mālama ka ʻāina waiwai loa o ka honua i kahi papa mau o
ʻAmelika ʻilihune. ʻAʻole ia he pōʻino. Mālama ʻia e ka luna
hana e like me ka manaʻo e like me ka pale ʻana o Alan Greenspan i ka pōmaikaʻi o nā panakō
a me na kuai waiwai. I kēia hihia, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻino ʻia e nā kānāwai hou a
nā hoʻoponopono, nā ʻauhau ʻauhau hou, a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻauhau kūikawā nui-biliona no ka makemake
hui nunui. ʻO ka poʻe i loko o kēia papa paʻa ʻaʻole lākou i ka manawa
nele i ka hana. Hoʻololi ka hapa nui o lākou i nā hana. A i ʻole ka poʻe ʻona, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā mea kīnā.
Hana ka hapa nui o lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia lākou e like me ka pōmaikaʻi ʻole i ka honua
o ka hoololi waiwai honua. Ma mua o ka "hoʻokele waiwai hou" a ma hope o ia, ʻaʻohe o
ua hoomau ko kakou mau hoa o Europa Komohana o na aupuni waiwai i ka papa mau
ʻO ka poʻe ʻilihune e like me kekahi ma US ʻO kēlā mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe he mau kulekele pilikanaka kēlā
e pale aku.
I ka wā e kū ai
me ka ilihune mau i ka ʻāina waiwai loa o ka honua, ʻo ka ʻAmelika
ʻO ka paʻi a me ka leka uila e like me kā lākou kauoha i nā huaʻōlelo Baibala mai
Mataio, "E mau loa ana ka poe ilihune." Hana lākou i kēia me ka hopohopo iki
ʻO ka ʻilihune ma waena o nā mea waiwai i ka ʻāina waiwai loa o ka honua he ʻAmelika
ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui holomua a pau. (ʻO ʻAmelika ka mea waiwai loa ma Gross
ʻO ka huahana kūloko a me ka loaʻa kālā o kēlā me kēia kapita ka lua wale nō ma Luxembourg.)
ʻO ka nūhou nūhou
e hoʻopiʻi paha ua uhi lākou i ka poʻe ʻilihune. A ma kekahi ʻano, hana lākou. Akā ʻo kēia
he mau moʻolelo kaʻawale e pili ana i kahi ʻohana paʻakikī i kahi pōʻino, a i ʻole
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka luna hoʻomalu o Midwest i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e hoʻohuli ana i nā burgers ma McDonald's
- nā hiʻohiʻona aloha akā i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hihia kaʻawale. Kakaikahi wale no i hoikeia a
ʻO ia ke kumu o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma waena o kona mau ʻāina hoa waiwai,
mālama ʻia kahi papa maikaʻi ʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hāʻawiʻia
ka pilina symbiotic ma waena o kā mākou poʻe kālai'āina a me ka nūhou nūhou,
he hopena ka hopena o ka pāpā ʻana. ʻO ka mea i mālama ʻole ʻia e ka media nui, politika
ʻike nā alakaʻi hiki iā lākou ke mālama pono. ʻIke wale ʻia ka poʻe nele i ka manawa koho
ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike a me nā kiʻi kiʻi hoʻolaha. ʻO ka ʻōlelo haʻahaʻa me ka ʻole
ʻO ka hahai ʻana ma hope mai ua hoʻonui i ka manaʻo ʻoluʻolu i loko
ʻO ka ʻilihune ʻAmelika he hana hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia e ke Akua. Ke hōʻike ke aupuni i nā palapala
hoʻokahi mea i loko o ka ʻilihune mau, e like me ka palapala 1997 HUD 1997 ma ka
pilikia hale hoolimalima mau, ua hala i ka pa'i i ka la hookahi, aole
hahai ʻia me nā moʻolelo hope loa, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana
nā koi kālai'āina no ka hana. A i ʻole ka nūhou nui e pili ana i ka
hale hale "millionaire-market" ma Kapalakiko Bay a i ʻole waena o Manhattan,
ʻaʻole like ka pilikia no nā ʻohana maʻamau ma nā wahi e pili ana i Chicago a me ke kuaʻāina ʻo Kansas
a me na tausani o na kulanakauhale a me na kulanakauhale.
ʻilihune mau
he mea hiki ʻole paha i ka wā Baibala, i ka wā i lawa ʻole ai
meaʻai, hoʻohana pono ʻole i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ʻōnaehana papa paʻa, hoʻoluhi a me ka hoʻokauwā.
Akā, ua lawa ka ʻai o ka honua i kēia mau lā no nā mea a pau, a me nā ʻāina waiwai e like me ka
Ua lawa ka waiwai waiwai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lawa o ko lākou heluna kanaka
ʻai kūpono, hale, mālama ola kino, nā hana a me nā penikala. ʻO ka hapa nui o kā mākou hoa
hana pololei nā ʻāina. ʻO ʻAmelika wale nō ka mea i koho ʻaʻole e hoʻopau iā ia iho
o ka ilihune mau.
KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia
mea kū hoʻokahi i waena o nā hui ʻoihana holomua o ka honua-Palani, Kelemānia, ka
United Kingdom, no ka laʻana. Ua mālama ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa kānalua no ia mea
lōʻihi - kokoke i ka hapalua haneli -- ua ʻike ʻia kahi papa ʻilihune ma kēia ʻāina
e like me ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo ʻia, a me ka manaʻo ʻole o ka media like ʻole, no laila
ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO wai "ka
ʻilihune ʻAmelika" a ʻilihune maoli lākou?
aupuni
Hoʻoponopono nā ʻikepili i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka pae ʻilihune ma ka ʻāina e noʻonoʻo ai
hoʻololi i ke kumukūʻai o ke ola. I ka makahiki 1999, no ka laʻana, he ʻohana ʻekolu me kahi
ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana he $13,880 a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he noho ʻilihune. O ka
32 miliona ʻAmelika i ka ʻilihune, 72 pakeneka i loko o nā ʻohana. Hoʻokahi kēia
o kela ame keia elima keiki Amerika. ʻAʻole lākou ʻilihune no ka nele i nā Cuisinarts
a me nā BMW. He ʻilihune lākou no ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻai, ka hale, a me ke komo ʻana
ʻē aʻe nā kūlana ola haʻahaʻa i loko o kekahi hui hou.
No ke aha mākou e ʻae ai
ʻaʻole kēia i ko mākou mau hoa? ʻAʻole pohihihi nā pane: luna
nā kulekele hale, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai o ka ʻāina i luna ma o
ka luku ʻana i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau holomua o ka ʻāina, nā makana kūikawā nui no
nā ʻoihana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka uku haʻahaʻa o ke aupuni.
No ke aha ka
ʻO nā mea pāpaʻi nūhou koʻikoʻi e like me ka hewa?
He hana hoʻohiwahiwa
ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ke komo hewa ʻana o ka pāpā i hana ʻia i kanakolu makahiki i hala. I ka manawa,
hikiwawe, me he mea lā mai kahi ʻole, loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻohana home ʻole e noho ana ma ka
alanui. No ke ola civic, ʻo ia ka canary make i loko o ka lua lanahu. ʻO mākou
ʻike i ke kumu e make ai nā canaries i loko o nā mines: he hōʻailona ia no ka make kinoea methane
nā canaries maʻalahi ma mua o ka pepehi ʻana i nā kānaka. ʻO ka canary make o structural
ʻO ka ʻilihune ʻAmelika ka ʻike koke ʻana o ka poʻe home ʻole i nā makahiki 1980 mua.
Ma nā 1980s, ka
Ua hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻAmelika ʻilihune. Ma 1998-1999, ka awelika
ʻOi aku ka ʻilihune ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune ma mua o ka makahiki 1979.
ʻO ka makahiki 1979-1980
haʻi ka hoʻololi i kekahi mea koʻikoʻi. Ma ka waena o 1980s, me he mea lā ma waho o kahi, no ka mea
ʻO ka manawa mua loa mai ka Great Depression, nui nā kānaka a me
e noho ana nā ʻohana ma nā alanui. "ʻO ka poʻe home ʻole," he mea pilikanaka
pili pinepine me nā ʻāina e like me Bangladesh, akā ua ola i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he
ʻike ʻia nā lako kūlanakauhale ma kēia ʻāina waiwai loa.
ʻO Emblematic ka
ʻaʻole i ʻimi nā nūpepa nui a me nā mea hoʻolaha i ke kumu o ka
hale ʻole hou i ko lākou puka mua ʻana i ka makahiki 1980. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ka media
i ka poʻe ʻaʻa ʻole ka poʻe ʻona, ʻona ʻona, a i ʻole maʻi noʻonoʻo. Akā ʻo mākou
loaʻa mau i nā mea ʻona, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā maʻi noʻonoʻo ma mua me ka nui ʻole
o na ohana e noho ana ma na alanui. Ua loli kekahi mea radical.
He hōʻailona o ka mea
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ka poʻe home ʻole - he hapa liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe ʻilihune āpau - ʻaʻohe home ʻole
ʻoiai, e like me ka Bureau of Labor Statistics, 64 pakeneka o lākou i loaʻa
nā hana, ʻelua mau hana kekahi o lākou, akā ʻilihune naʻe lākou e nā kūlana aupuni.
ʻAʻohe waiwai
Ua hiki i ka democracy ke hoʻopaʻa i kona mau ʻohana uku haʻahaʻa ma o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka
ʻoihana waiwai kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hale kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa i kākoʻo ʻia e ke aupuni
ʻike ʻia he mea nui inā e noho ʻia nā mea a pau ma nā hale liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi
hale noho. Ma mua o ka makahiki 1979, ua kōkua ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 200,000 i kēlā ʻano haʻahaʻa
ʻāpana o ka makahiki. I nā makahiki 1980 mua, i ka fervor hou no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea āpau
hiki i ka makeke kūʻokoʻa, ua ʻoki ʻia nā haʻawina hale kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e
92 pakeneka. ʻO ia ke kumu nui i loaʻa koke iā mākou kahi papa noi mau
a me nā ʻohana e noho ana ma nā alanui. He liʻiliʻi ka poʻe heluhelu a i ʻole ka poʻe kiaʻi nūhou TV
ua haʻi aku i nā kumu kumu i loaʻa ai ko mākou home ʻole "no kahi ʻole."
No ke aha o ka media
ʻano ʻē ka nele o ka ʻimi? He ʻāpana ia o ka mālama pono ʻana o ka media nui
ʻO nā kumu kumu o nā maʻi pili kanaka e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻauhau.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻolauleʻa ka media i ka ʻokoʻa - ʻo ka mea e hōʻemi
ʻauhau. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka "canary make" o ka poʻe ʻole home ʻole
hoʻoulu ʻia nā haʻawina hou no nā ʻauhau hale kūʻai haʻahaʻa i kākoʻo ʻia no ka
ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hui mana politika ʻole i ka poʻe koho.
ʻAʻohe'ē aʻe
hāʻawi i nā ikaika i ka home ʻole mau. Ma mua ua ʻike ʻia kēlā
Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka poʻe maʻi noʻonoʻo inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou
i nā keʻena lapaʻau kūloko ma ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale home a loaʻa ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma ka ʻāina
nā kikowaena lapaʻau. No laila ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia nā halemai noʻonoʻo, e mālama ana i nā miliona
o na dala auhau. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻauhau i mālama ʻia ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki
e hoʻololi i ke kālā i mālama ʻia i nā keʻena lapaʻau kūloko.
ʻO ka hapa nui o
ʻaʻole maʻi kino ka poʻe ʻilihune. He kanaka maikaʻi lākou i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻohui ʻia
a me nā ʻohana. Akā ʻilihune lākou. Wahi a ka Oihana Noho a me
Urban Affairs (HUD), mai 1985 a 1993 ka mākeke kūʻokoʻa no nā hale kūpono
hāʻule i kahi 20 pakeneka, a, e like me ka Journal of Housing and
Hoʻomohala Kaiāulu, he 33 pakeneka wale nō o nā ʻAmelika i kūpono i ke kānāwai no ke aupuni pekelala
Hiki i ka hale ke loaʻa ia hale.
Ka Puke Pai
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pukana ʻo Dekemaba, 1997, "Me nā hale kūʻai hiki ʻole ke hiki ke ulu
ka nui o nā ʻAmelika haʻahaʻa, hiki ke manaʻo wale ʻia ka pilikia hale
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi…ʻo nā hana hou a ka ʻAhaʻōlelo ua hoʻopau hou i ka mana
ʻāpana hemahema o ka ʻohana ʻAmelika." I ka makahiki 1995, aia he 1.3 miliona
nā hale kūʻai haʻahaʻa i loaʻa no 2.6 miliona mau mea hoʻolimalima haʻahaʻa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana
he noiʻi e ka Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Eia naʻe, i kēlā manawa hoʻokahi
manawa, e like me ka National Association of Realtors, ke kumu kūʻai waena no
ua piʻi ka hale ʻohana hoʻokahi i 45 pakeneka. Me na hale hoolimalima haahaa
nani ʻole i ka ʻoihana waiwai a me ka hemahema o ke aupuni e pono ai
nā kōkua no ka mea a ka mākeke pilikino makemake e hōʻole, ka "mea pohihihi" o nā mea ʻelua
ʻAʻole pohihihi loa ka poʻe home ʻole a me ka poʻe ʻilihune he 32,000,000 ʻAmelika.
Eia kekahi,ʻo
ʻO ka poʻe ʻilihune ke uku mau nei i nā pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou loaʻa ma ka hoʻolimalima-nui
ma mua o 50 pakeneka o kā lākou loaʻa kālā. Ma kahi Catch-22, mai ke koena
ʻO ka hapalua a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi e pono e hele mai i nā pono kanaka ʻē aʻe, e like me ka meaʻai, ka lole a me ka
ka uku ʻana i kā lākou kaumaha kūpono ʻole o nā ʻauhau regressive loa.
Malalo o ka
ʻO ka pilikia ka mea hilahila o ka neʻe ʻana o ka waiwai pilikino o ka lāhui
mai ka lalo 80 pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka i ka luna 20 pakeneka, me ka
ʻO ka hapa liona o kēlā e hele ana i ka 1 pakeneka kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa ana kēlā ʻano āpau
komo i ka nūhou ʻAmelika i kekahi manawa, akā ma ke ʻano he helu maʻamau, e like me ke kulina
mea kanu ma Kansas.
KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia
ʻo ia ka ʻākea ākea loa ma ka honua ma waena o kāna waiwai nui a me kāna waiwai ʻole. ʻO ke āpau
ua ulu aʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole ma muli o ke kālena a me ka hana ikaika
ka mea waiwai nui. He ʻokoʻa nā limahana ʻAmelika i kā lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kā lākou
nā loaʻa kālā o ka poʻe hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ko mākou mau ʻāina. ʻO ʻAmelika maʻamau
Loaʻa iā CEO he 34 mau manawa i ka limahana hana maʻamau ʻAmelika i loaʻa i kēia manawa ka liʻiliʻi (ma
nā hua'ōlelo kālā kūʻokoʻa) ma mua o nā limahana hola ma Iapana, Kelemānia, a i ʻole Switzerland.
ʻO nā uku hoʻokō he nui miliona a me ka piliona kālā hōʻike ʻole
pili i ka hana a kēlā mau luna hui, e like me kā mākou
ka mana koʻikoʻi ma ka uku hoʻokō, ʻo Graef Crystal, ma mua o
ke Kulanui o Kaleponi ma Berkeley a i kēia manawa me Bloomberg News. Ua loaʻa iā ia
ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino a me ka ʻino…He maʻi loa."
ʻO ka hoʻololi nui
ʻO ka waiwai o ʻAmelika i ka luna i hōʻike ʻia ma ka media, akā me ka ʻole o ka
ʻO ke ʻano o ka huhū a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopōʻino iā Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell,
ʻO Franklin Roosevelt, a i ʻole kekahi helu o nā alakaʻi kālai'āina a me nā media o nā au i hala.
ʻOiai ʻo ka manaʻo media nui i ka poʻe ʻilihune me he mea lā e hōʻoluʻolu mai ka
ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana o ka Buke o Mataio i ko lākou pilikia, ʻaʻole makemake nui ka poʻe media
kekahi olelo Baibala, "He maalahi no ke kamelo ke hele ma ka maka o
he kui, mamua o ke komo ana o ke kanaka waiwai iloko o ke aupuni o ke Akua.
ʻO nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe
nele nā ʻāina i ka nui a me nā kumu o ka ʻilihune mau ʻAmelika. ʻO ka pane
maʻalahi. ʻO nā ʻāina waiwai ʻē aʻe he hale, ʻoihana, penikala, a me ka ʻauhau
nā kulekele e pale aku ai. ʻO ka pane holoʻokoʻa he manaʻo noʻonoʻo ʻole i kōkua ʻia a
i kākoʻo ʻia e kā mākou media nui, nā nūpepa i loaʻa, no ka laʻana, "Hoʻoponopono
Columns" no nā hewa e like me ka paʻi ʻana i ka hua mua hewa o ka poʻe kālai'āina
ʻO ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo media, i kōkua ʻia e nā poʻe kālai'āina, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka poʻe o
ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka wahaheʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻauhau ʻino mākou
ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā democracy waiwai a pau, ʻo ʻAmelika ka
ʻauhau haʻahaʻa loa ma ka honua, me ka huina o nā kūloko, mokuʻāina, a me ka lāhui
ʻauhau. No laila, i ka wā e haʻalulu ai kēia noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia hoʻolaha politika -
ʻO ka hoʻohiki ʻana i nā ʻauhau haʻahaʻa ma ke ʻano he mea pono loa - ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano wikiwiki
pono e hoopakele i kela heluna kanaka i pilikia, ka poe waiwai loa. ʻOiai ka mea nui
makemake nā media e ʻimi i nā mea hewa i nā pilikia pilikanaka, ma kēia hana lākou i koho
amnesia. No ka hapalua haneli, ʻo ka hapa o nā ʻauhau federal i uku ʻia e
Ua hāʻule nui nā hui a ua hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻohana a
kanaka. I ka makahiki 1940, ua uku nā hui i 40 pakeneka o nā loaʻa kālā federal. Ma ka makahiki 2000
ua emi iho i ka 12 pakeneka. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe ʻo wai ka mea e uku ana i kēlā hoʻololi.
ʻOiai ke kālā
Ua ulu ka lako a me ka waiwai aupuni, i ka makahiki 1955 i uku ʻia nā ʻauhau hui no 6
pākēneka o kā mākou Huahana Kūloko Nui akā ke uku nei he 2.5 pakeneka wale nō. Koe wale no
ʻO Iapana, nā ʻauhau loaʻa kālā o ʻAmelika e like me 34 pakeneka o GDP ka haʻahaʻa loa ma waena o nā ʻoihana
aupuni. ʻO ka helu ma Kanada he 36 pakeneka, Kelemānia 39 pakeneka, Switzerland 50
pākēneka. ʻAʻole ia he coincidence ka hapa nui o kēlā mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe
mālama ola kino holoʻokoʻa, hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōmaikaʻi kaiaulu ma mua o
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ka luna federal
ʻO ka helu ʻauhau loaʻa no ka poʻe ʻAmelika waiwai loa he 70 pakeneka, ʻoiai nā kānaka
ʻO ka poʻe waiwai i hoʻolimalima i nā mea helu kālā maikaʻi loa a me nā hale ʻauhau, no laila kakaikahi i uku i kekahi mea like
ka papa luna. Ua hāʻule ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma 2000 i 39 pakeneka, a ma ka hana
ʻoi aku ka kokoke i 33 pakeneka, a he kakaikahi i loko o kēlā bracket theoretical e uku i kēlā nui
no na kumu like. I kēia manawa, makemake ka Bush Administration e hāʻule i ka 25. ʻO ka
Ua kokoke make ka ʻauhau loaʻa holomua o ka ʻāina.
Eia naʻe, kekahi
piʻi ka ʻauhau. ʻO ka lilo o kā mākou ʻauhau kālā holomua federal i kēlā me kēia makahiki
ua hoʻololi i nā ʻauhau kumu ʻAmelika i ke ʻano regressive loa i uku ʻia e ka poʻe ʻilihune
ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou loaʻa ma mua o ka poʻe waiwai. Ma ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻauhau mai
ʻO nā kuleana ʻauhau loaʻa ma Wakinekona i nā mokuʻāina, nā kalana a me nā kūlanakauhale, kēia
Ua hoʻohana nā mana i nā ʻauhau kūʻai, ʻo ke ʻano regressive loa. Eia, o
ʻoiaʻiʻo, uku nui ka poʻe ʻilihune ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā. I ka makahiki 1995, e like me
i nā makaʻāinana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻauhau a me ka Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy,
ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he 20 pakeneka o ka loaʻa kālā ʻohana i uku ʻia he 12.5 pākēneka o nā mokuʻāina a me nā kūloko
ʻauhau (waiwai, kūʻai, a me nā uku) aʻo ka 20 pakeneka o nā ʻohana i uku i 8.5
pākēneka o ka loaʻa kālā o kā lākou ʻohana.
He 7.5 pakeneka
ʻO ka ʻauhau kūʻai ma luna o kahi limahana uku liʻiliʻi he pākēneka nui o ia
ka loaʻa kālā o ke kanaka. ʻO ka pākēneka kūʻai ʻauhau ma luna o ka miliona miliona he mea ʻole
ka pakeneka o ka huina kālā, ʻo ia ke kumu, i ka pono o nā loaʻa, nā hui
a ʻo ka poʻe waiwai ke koi nei i nā ʻauhau kūʻai ma mua o nā ʻauhau kālā federal kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hōʻino hope loa
i ka poe ilihune ka uku haahaa. ʻO nā hui a me nā mea waiwai e hakakā i kēlā me kēia neʻe
he piʻi, ke ʻano o ko lākou hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka uku haʻahaʻa ma ka
wahi mua. I ka makahiki 1970, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka uku haʻahaʻa he 29 pakeneka ma ke ʻano maoli
ma mua o ka 2000. Wahi a ka Economic Policy Institute, i ka makahiki 1970 ka palena iki
e noho ana nā limahana ma luna o ka ʻilihune. I ka makahiki 1998, he 19 pakeneka wale no.
He hae
ke kū'ē'ē e ho'ēmi i ka nui o nā hana i loaʻa, a iʻole ka ikaika liʻiliʻi
ʻaʻohe kumu maoli o nā ʻoihana. Wahi a ka Institute, ua hoʻonui ʻia
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka uku liʻiliʻi i nā hōʻemi nui o nā hana a i pani ʻia paha
nāʻoihana.
Ka poe kue
Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe mau ka uku liʻiliʻi i ke kiʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻōpio ma hope o ke kula
ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohua. Akā i ka makahiki 1999, 71 pakeneka o ka poʻe e loaʻa ana ka
ʻo ka uku liʻiliʻi he mau mākua.
Inā ʻo Dow Jones
Ua hāʻule mau ʻo Industrial Average no nā makahiki he iwakālua, ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao mua a
alakaʻi i ka nūhou i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka hana ʻana o ke aupuni. ʻO kēlā 32
miliona o ko mākou heluna kanaka i ko lākou hale, ka meaʻai, a me nā lole "index" hāʻule
'Oi aku ma mua o 30 makahiki, he mo'olelo hi'ona wale no
he kanaka a i ʻole nā ʻāpana helu helu ma nā ʻaoʻao hope o kā mākou mea mana loa
nā hui nūhou. He mea hilahila ka papa ʻilihune pono ʻole i "ke alakaʻi o
ka honua kūʻokoʻa" a ʻo ka mea waiwai loa i kēlā
e noʻonoʻo i ka Dow, ka hana a ka media i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ka overtaxed
ʻO ka poʻe ʻAmelika a me ka manaʻo o kahi papa ʻilihune ʻAmelika, e hana i kā mākou
ʻO nā pepa koʻikoʻi a me nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha he pāʻina i kahi hemahema ʻino a pono ʻole
ko kakou kaiaulu. Hiki i nā hui a me nā luna kānāwai o Wakinekona ke kuhikuhi me ka nele
ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a ka Baibala e noho mau ana ka poʻe ʻilihune me mākou, akā
ka ʻike o nā ʻāina waiwai ʻē aʻe e like me Kelemānia, Farani, Kanada, a me Pelekane
manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole i emi ka pane ma ka Buke a Mataio, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma The
Moolelo Ahaolelo.
Ben H. Bagdikian
ʻo ia ka mea kākau o In the Midst of Plenty: The Poor in America (Beacon Press,
1963), The Media Monopoly (6th Ed., 2000), nā puke ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ka Dean mua o
ke Kula Nui o ka Nupepa ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi ma Berkeley.