ʻO Raptis
In
i ka hopena o ka '40s a me ka mua o ka '50s he kakaikahi ka poʻe ʻōpio Helene hema e holo i ko lākou
ʻāina e pale aku i ka hoʻomāinoino maikaʻi loa a me ka lōʻihi o ka hale paʻahao a me ka hoʻopaʻi hewa ʻana i loko
Ua koho nā lima o ʻAmelika i ke aupuni Helene.
kekahi
o lakou i holo i Parisa; i loko o kahi hui kuʻuna hoʻomanawanui i ka politika
poe mahuka. ʻO lākou ʻekolu, ʻo Cornelius Castoriadis, Yiannis Xenakis a me Costas
ʻO Gavras,ʻaʻole i ola wale i loko o kahi nohona kaiauluʻikeʻole, akā ua lilo lākou
kaulana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kā lākou mau kahua i koho ʻia.
Ua "hoʻohana" ʻo Castoriadis i kona ʻaoʻao hema e lilo i ʻano ʻano loea Farani
nāna i kūʻē (!) ka hema ma o ka ʻōnaehana "philosophical" hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia o
ka "fantasiako" (ka "manaʻo"), a pēlā aku.
Kaiapuni moʻomeheu Palani i hoʻopuka i ke ʻano ʻakaʻaka post-modern
kikokikona "philosophical".
Ua komo ʻo Yiannis Xenakis ma ke ʻano he haumāna ʻōpio ma ke kula ʻo Athens Polytechnic i ka
Ke kū'ē kū'ē i nā Nazis a laila ko lākou mau hope Pelekāne. I Dekemaba
1944, i ka wā o ka hakakā ʻana o ka Helene i haʻalele e hoʻokuʻu i ka Helene
ka hui, he hapa o ka ʻaoʻao hema o kona mau maka i puhi ʻia e kahi pahu Pelekane
pūpū. Ma Paris ua hana ʻo Xenakis ma ke ʻano he Architect a hana pū kekahi ʻano
ʻōnaehana mele "matematika". (ʻO koʻu manaʻo he ʻokoʻa ka pono o ke ola
ma Paris, ma o kāna mau mele mele, ua "hoʻopaʻa" ʻia ʻo Xenakis e ka nani
o ka makemakika, ʻoiai he ʻāpana ʻo ia o ka hanauna o nā makahiki 1930 i ulu aʻe i
he kaiapuni makemakika waiwai nui ma ka Politeknik Athens o ia mea
manawa. Eia hou, ʻo koʻu manaʻo pilikino kēia e pili ana i kāna mele.) Ua make ʻo Xenakis
i hala iho nei. He kanaka kupono loa.
Ua lilo ʻo Costas Gavras i mea hoʻokele kiʻiʻoniʻoni. He kanaka akahai a akahai, aka
he laʻana ʻo ia o ka manaʻo o Chomsky e pili ana i nā "poʻe make (o ke kulekele ʻē aʻe o US)
e hoʻomanaʻo." A "hoʻomanaʻo" ʻo Gavras ma kāna mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni; "Z", "Nalo",
a me "State of Siege."
(E hoʻomaopopo: "Z", ka moʻolelo o ka pepehi kanaka, i ka makahiki 1963, o Lambrakis, he lālā o ka
Haʻalele ʻo Helene a he hope i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo Helene, ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā mea nui loa
nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia 20.
ʻelua
ʻo ia ka poʻe protagonists o ka hihia Lambrakis: Emanuelidis, ke kanaka nāna i pepehi
ʻO Lambrakis, a me ka "tiger" a laila ʻōpio hana hana i lele ma luna o ka
Kaa huila 3 i pepehi ai o Emanuelidis ia Lambraki. Inā ʻo ke kino
ikaika a ʻeleu - no laila ka inoa kapakapa ʻo "tiger" - ʻaʻole i lele ka mea hana hale
ma ke kaʻa e neʻe ana ua uhi ʻia ka pepehi kanaka ʻo Lambraki.
ka
Ua make ʻo "tiger" i ka maʻi kanesa i kekahi mau lā i hala aku nei, ma ka lā mua o Mei, '01, i ka makahiki o
72. He kanaka awaawa loa kona make ana. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, no ka mokuʻāina Helene a me kāna US
ua keakea oia i ko lakou manao, nolaila, ua lilo ia i enemi no lakou
ke koena o kona ola ma hope o kāna hana koa a me ka mōʻaukala.
Ua make ʻo Emanuelidis, ka mea pepehi kanaka, i kekahi mau hola (!) Ma hope o ka "tiger", no ka maʻi kanesa.
He 75 makahiki ʻo ia a e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Helene ʻo ia ka "ʻōpala" o ka Helene
hui: he pepehi kanaka i uku ʻia e ka mokuʻāina.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike palapala i ka pepehi ʻana iā Lambrakis, ʻo "Z" kaulana
hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻokō ʻia e Papadopoulos, ka dictator o 1967. ʻO Papadopoulos
he waiwai CIA i uku ʻia mai ka makahiki 50. Hopena o ka memo.)
Ke hana nei ʻo Gavras i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou. ʻO ka inoa Pelekane o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni: "The
ʻO ka ʻike maka." Hoʻokumu ʻia ka palapala o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka pāʻani kaulana a Rolf
ʻO Hochhuth "The Deputy", i hōʻike ʻia ma New York i ka makahiki 1964 a ʻo ia ʻo "the
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua mua loa a kaulana loa" i ka hana a Pope Pius XII i ka
Nā Nazis i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II.
In
ʻO ka mana kiʻiʻoniʻoni Gavras o ka pāʻani ʻaʻole ka Pope akā ʻo KURT
GERSTEIN, he luna o ka Nazi SS. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Gerstein ma Muenster, Kelemānia, ma
1905. Ma ka oihana he enekinia. > Mai ka makahiki 1925, he lālā ʻo ia no a
He neʻe ʻōpio Kalawina. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka ʻaoʻao Nazi i ka makahiki 1933 akā ua hoʻomau ʻia
he lālā ikaika o ka hale pule Confessional ʻo Pastor Niemoeller.
ʻO Niemoeller kahi luna moku i ka wā WWI Ma hope o ke kaua āna i aʻo ai
theology a i ka makahiki 1933 ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo moʻolelo, "From U-Boat to Pulpit', kahi
mahalo nui ʻia no kona aloha ʻāina ma ka nūpepa Nazi. Ua haʻi ʻo Niemoeller i ka
anticommunism o ka Nazis a me ko lakou inaina i ka Weimar Republic, ka mea
ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "14 makahiki o ka pouli." Ma ka makahiki 1934, ʻo Niemoeller,
ua disillusioned me Hitler i ka mea hope i hoʻomaka e "co-ordinate" i ka
Euanelio Ekalesia a malalo iho i ka mana aupuni. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Niemoeller
"kūʻē" iā Hitler (no ka mea ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Hitler i ka mana o Niemoeller
Kalikiano?). Huhu e Niemoeller'r mau haiolelo kipi a me kona laha
kaulana, ua kauoha ʻo Hitler i kona hopu ʻia ma 1937. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia i mua o kahi ʻaha kūikawā
ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻopaʻi haʻahaʻa o 7 mahina ma kahi pā kaua. Mahope o kona
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia, ua hopu hou ʻia ʻo ia a ua noho ʻo ia i 7 mau makahiki i loko o nā kahua hoʻomoana ma
"mālama mālama," a hiki i kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana e nā pūʻali Allied i ka makahiki 1945. Ua make ʻo ia ma
1984.
In
1936 Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Gerstein e ka Gestapo no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā palapala hoʻomana a me
kipaku ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao Nazi. Ma hope o ka lua o ka manawa i loko o kahi kahua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma
1938, ua hoʻokō ʻo Gerstein i ka makahiki 1941 e komo i ka SS, kahi i nīnau ʻia ai nā nīnau liʻiliʻi
e pili ana i kona hala. I kēia manawa ua komo ʻo Gerstein i nā Nazis ma ke ʻano he "Spion Gottes" (he kiu no
ke Akua) e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Pierre Joffroy, ka mea kākau moʻolelo a Gerstein.
In
1942 Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Gerstein i luna o ke Keʻena Disinfection Technical a ʻo ia
kuleana no ka lawelawe ʻana i "nā kinoea disinfectant ʻawaʻawa". I ka hopena o ke kauwela o
1942 ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i kahi misionari e ka SS e hoʻohuli iā Globocnik lāua ʻo Christian
Wirth e hoʻokomo i ke kinoea "Zyklon B" i loko o nā kahua hoʻomoana make Polani, ma kahi o ke kinoea
nā mīkini.
ʻO Odilo
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Globocnik i ka makahiki 1904 i loko o kahi ʻohana Austrian Croat a he mea kūkulu hale ʻo ia
ʻoihana. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka Nazi Party i ka makahiki 1930 a komo i ka SS i ka makahiki 1933.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1939 mai kona kūlana SS no ka manaʻo kuhi hewa i nā haole
Ua kala ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana e Himmler a ua koho ʻia e ia i SS a me ke alakaʻi makai
no ka moku Lublin ma Polani.. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Globocnik i ʻehā mau kahua hoʻomoana make ma
Pōlani; Belzec, Sobibor, Majdanek a me Treblinka. ʻO ia wale nō ke kuleana
Himmler. Ua hana ʻo Globocnik i kāna "hana" me ka hana ʻino ma Nowemapa 1943 i loaʻa iā ia
ua hoʻopau i kāna hana ma ka luku ʻana i ʻekolu miliona mau Iudaio. Wahi a
ʻO ka hōʻike hope a Globocnik iā Himler, ka waiwai holoʻokoʻa o ke kālā a me nā mea waiwai
e hōʻiliʻili ana i ka Reich ma waena o 1 ʻApelila a me 15 Dekemaba 1943 mai Globocnik's
Ua hiki mai ka hana lima i 180 miliona Reichsmarks. No ke kōkua nui ʻana iā ia iho
ʻO kekahi o kēia hao wale, ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo Globocnik i Trieste. I ka pau ana o ka
kaua, ua lanakila ʻo Globocnik i ka ʻalo ʻana i ka hopu ʻia. Ua hopuia oia 1100 e
ka Pelekania i ka makahiki 1945 akā ua pepehi iā ia iho me ka cyanide capsule i kekahi mau minuke
mahope o kona hopuia ana. Wahi a nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe, ua ʻimi ʻia ʻo ia a pepehi ʻia e
partisans a i ʻole e kahi hui hoʻopaʻi Iudaio ma Iune 1945. He minamina. Pela oia
akamai i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana a me ka manaʻoʻiʻo ikaika i nā waiwai komohana.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Christian Wirth, ka hoa ʻē aʻe o Gerstein, i ka makahiki 1885
ʻO Oberbalzheim ma Kelemānia. I ka WWI ua hoʻonani ʻia ʻo ia me kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o Kelemania
nā mea hoʻonani no ke koa. Ua hana no hoi oia ma ke ano he kanaka kukulu hale. I ka makahiki 1930 ua hana ʻo ia
ma ke ʻano he mākaʻi Nazi a lilo i kaulana no kāna mau hana kūikawā o
ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomāinoino) ma nā mea kalaima. I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1939 ua lawe ʻo ia
ʻO nā hoʻokolohua gassing mua i ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā Kelemania i hōʻoia ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia
pupule. ʻO Wirth, he kanaka koʻikoʻi a hoʻomāinoino, nona ka ʻōlelo ʻino a me ka
ʻO ka hana ʻino i loaʻa iā ia ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Savage Christian", haʻaheo iā ia iho
ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano o ka gassing āna i hoʻolālā ai. Ua koi pū ʻo ia
ua paionia i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā "Sonderkommandos" - no laila e hoʻoikaika kino kino
ʻO nā Iudaio e kanu i ko lākou poʻe kānaka, ua pepehi ʻia nō hoʻi lākou. Wahi a kekahi moʻolelo,
Ua pepehi ʻia ka Wirth wiwo ʻole i ka hakakā alanui e nā ʻaoʻao ʻo Yugoslavia. ʻO ia hoʻi,
ua pepehi ʻia paha e kahi hui hoʻopaʻi Iudaio.
Ano,
hoʻi iā Gerstein a me Gavras. Wahi a kāna moʻolelo ponoʻī, waiho ʻia ma kahi
ʻO ka haʻi ʻana o ka hale paʻahao, ua loaʻa iā Gerstein "hoʻokahi wale nō makemake, e loaʻa kahi ʻike i ka
nā mīkini holoʻokoʻa (o nā kahua hoʻomoana make Nazi) a laila e hoʻōho i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ua hoʻi mai kāna huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi iā Belzec i ka hopena o ʻAukake 1942 (!), Gerstein
hoike aku i kana mea i ike ai i kekahi hoa hele ma ia wahi
Hōʻike ʻo Warsaw-Berlin, Baron von Otter. Ua noi ʻo Gerstein i ka diplomat
'e hōʻike koke aku i kona aupuni a me nā Allies… (The Swedish government…
ʻAʻole i hāʻawi i ka ʻike.) Ua koi pū ʻo Gerstein i kāna mau hoaaloha ma ka Dutch
ma lalo o ka honua e hoʻolaha i kāna ʻike ma ka lekiō iā Great Britain, akā naʻe
ua ike ke Keena o ko na aina e o Beritania he pololei, ua hoole ia ka lono e
Ua hoao aku na luna o Beritania.. Ua hoao aku o Gerstein e hoike aku i ka elele Pope i Berelina,
akā, ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻole makemake e hōʻeha i ka Nazi, hōʻike iā ia i ka puka. "
(Ke kumu no ka kikokikona ma nā kaha puanaʻi a me ka nui o ka ʻikepili bio: Robert S.
Wistrich, "ʻO wai ka mea ma Nazi Kelemānia," Routledge, 1995).
ka
ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo Iudaio ʻo Saul Friedlaender, nona kāna hana ma Pope Pius XII a me Gerstein
i manaʻo ʻia he kumu, manaʻo ʻo Gerstein ma ke ʻano he "kanaka o ka Resistance… His
Loaʻa ka 'hewa' i kona hoʻokahi wale ʻana."
mahope iho o
ʻO ke kaua, ma Iulai 17, 1945, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Gerstein e kaawe ana i loko o kahi hale paʻahao Farani.
Ua pepehi paha ʻo Gerstein iā ia iho a i pepehi ʻia paha e nā hoa paʻahao Nazi
ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Gavras- Ua pepehi ʻo Gerstein iā ia iho ma lalo o SS-hopu
ma Roma i ka makahiki 1943.
ka
Ua hōʻole ʻo Vatican e hui pū me Gavras, no laila pono ʻo ia e hele i Romania a hoʻohana i ka
hale aliʻi ʻo Ceausescu ma Bucharest e kiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona Vatican!
e
Manaʻo mākou he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "manaʻo hoʻomanaʻo" o Gavras e like me ka "Z".
POPE
KAU
ka
Ma ka lā 16 o Malaki, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōlelo hoʻopuka i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Archbishop."
"ka
ʻO ka hanana hope loa o ka moʻo Christodoulos e pili ana i kona ʻenemi nui: ka
Pope! ʻO kekahi mau pule i hala aku nei ka Pelekikena o ka Repubalika Helene, ʻo Kostis Stefanopoulos,
oiai e kipa ana ia Italia, kono aku la oia i ka Pope e kipa aku ia Helene. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Christodoulos ʻAʻole!
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia inā makemake ka Pope e kipa iā Helene, hiki iā ia ke hana e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe
kanaka (ma ke ʻano he mākaʻikaʻi?). E lanakila anei ʻo Christodoulos?"
Ano,
ʻike mākou i ka pane. Eia:
Of
ʻAʻole hiki ke lanakila ʻo Christodoulos, ka ʻAkibihopa Helene. Gregory Niotis,
ka hope Kuhina Helene no ko na Aina e (a he malihini kipa i
Ua ʻike paha ʻo Washington, DC) i kēlā. Ua huli ʻo Christodoulos i 180 degere
a ua makaukau e aloha i ka Pope. Eia naʻe, aia ka paʻakikī o ka hāmau ʻana
ka lehulehu puuwai a ka Akibihopa ponoi i hooulu ai mamua.
No laila,
ka Akibihopa he mau pule ma mua o ke kipa ʻana o ka Pope, ʻoiai e hoʻolauleʻa ana
i mua o nā kāmeʻa TV ma Gysi, kahi kaiāulu waena o Athens,
me ka waimaka i loko o kona mau maka noi i ka Virgin Mary e hoomalamalama i ka Orthodox Helene e
E ho'ōki i ka hōʻike kūʻē ma nā alanui i ka Pope, a pēlā aku
pono loa! He hihia puke kikokikona o nā ʻano hoʻolaha hoʻolaha komohana ma ke ʻano like ʻole
i ka Stalinist barbarity o ka Soviets. No laila, he palena wale nō o ka pupule
Ua hoʻomau ka poʻe hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i ka hoʻōho kūʻē i ka "Satana", "ka moʻo kiwi o
Roma," "Anikristo," a pela aku ma na alanui.
Penei
i ka la 4 o Mei, '01 ua hoea mai ka Pope i Atenai, wehe ae la i kela papale poai liilii
(a i ʻole kekahi mea) i ka mahalo i ka poʻe Helene, honi i kekahi ʻāina Helene (i hāʻawi ʻia i
ia ia ma ke pa, no ka mea, aole hiki ia ia ke kukuli) a halawai me na Helene a pau
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo Christodoulos, ka Archbishop.
ʻO Christodoulos, e pāʻani ana i kāna kuleana ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana ʻo ia, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka Pope
i mua o nā kāmeʻa TV a ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻino "i koi ʻia"
e kala mai ka Pope no ka hana a ka poe Katolika no ka hope
tausani makahiki a ma ke ano hoino like i koi aku ai i ka Pope
oki i ka noho leo no ka pilikia Kupelo a hoʻomaka e kamaʻilio e pili ana.
a
ʻO ka Pope (haʻahaʻa) i kala mai (!!) no nā Crusades, etc. (hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu e pili ana
i ka New York Times), akā ua lele ʻo ia iā Cyprus. Akā, ua lilo ʻo Cristodoulos i mea koa
o ka Helene Orthodox patriots.
(E hoʻomanaʻo: ʻO kēia hana kamaliʻi ka hopena o hoʻokahi tausani makahiki o
ka mōʻaukala Karistiano hanohano? ʻO wai ka mea ʻike? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ka lā ma hope o ka Pope-Christodoulos
halawai, Christodoulos lele i Moscow lawe mai i ka Pope olelo i ka
Recalcitrant a ikaika Russian Orthodox Patriarch Alexios, oiai ka Pope
lele i ka… Golan High ! ʻAʻole kēia he ʻāpana o ka charade.)
(Hoihoi) PS : He mau lā ma mua o ka kipa ʻana o ka Pope i ʻAtenai he
hahau nui ma Helene. Ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni Simitis ua loaʻa
ua hoʻomākaukau i ke kānāwai e ʻoki i nā penihana a hoʻolōʻihi i ka makahiki no ke kūpono ʻana
e loaa ka penihana i 65. E hoikeike ana ka aina holookoa ma na alanui, i ka wa
ka la o ka hahau nui. Hoʻoweliweli kēia i ka piss mai ka Simitis
aupuni a hoʻihoʻi lākou i nā mea a pau. Ua hookipaia ka huakai Pope
hoʻopololei, akā, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hahau nui hou no Mei 17, Aia ka ukupanee
pehea e hana hou ai ka Embassy US Dubya ma Athens i kēia manawa
(ma hope o Kosovo) ʻaʻole hahai ka heluna Helene i nā kauoha!