Ina shiga cikin akwatin batter a ranar Asabar da safe a San Pedro shekaru biyu da suka wuce, wanda ya kama ni ya yi gunaguni, “Ni likitan dabbobi ne na Vietnam, kuma na yi shekara ashirin ina jiran in ce ka mutu ko a ciki. kurkuku saboda kasancewarsa mayaudari." Alkali yace komai. Na tashi zuwa tsakiya. Daga baya muka yi magana. Sai muka zama abokai.
Sai ya zama cewa ƙiyayyarsa ga tsohuwar matata ce, ba ni ba, domin ya gaskata wasu ƙage na yanar gizo game da Jane Fonda da ke yawo a tsakanin tsofaffi. Sau biyu 'yan jam'iyyar Republican a majalisar dokokin California sun yi kokarin hana wurin zama na saboda tafiye-tafiye na zuwa Hanoi. Amma ban taɓa zama maƙasudin dama ba kamar tsohona – kamar ɓarna.
Yayin da yawancin Amurkawa, watakila ciki har da tsohon shugaban Yale mai farin jini kuma mai gadi na National Guardsman George W. Bush da, ina zargin, yawancin tsoffin sojojin Vietnam, za su so su manta da baya, yakin Vietnam na gab da sake farfado da wannan kakar zabe.
Sanata John Kerry, wanda tsohon soja ne a yakin da kuma gwagwarmayar yaki, shi ne ya haifar da wannan al'amari na Vietnam. Karnukan da suka kai harin dama suna kan farauta. Newt Gingrich ya kira Kerry a matsayin "antiwar Jane Fonda mai sassaucin ra'ayi," yayin da mayaƙan Intanet suka buga hotunan Kerry da Fonda da aka ƙirƙira a wani gangamin yaƙi na 1971. Barka da zuwa ƙazantattun dabaru a zamanin Photoshop.
Yunkurin lalata da Kerry ta hanyar "haɗin kai" wani yunƙuri ne na Republican don murkushe sake buɗe binciken mu na zamanin Vietnam na gaskiya.
Neoconservatives da Pentagon suna da kyakkyawan dalili na tsoron dawowar Ciwon Vietnam. Lakabin da gangan yana nuna wata cuta, rauni na son rai, amma ciwon ya kasance ainihin lafiyar Amurkawa game da alkawurran nasara na fadar White House, da cin hanci da rashawa, kwangilar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma rufe fararen hula a lokacin Vietnam. Yakin da ake ta tafkawa a yau a cikin labarai daga Bagadaza. Tambayar Matashi John Kerry na 1971-“Yaya kuke tambayar mutum ya zama na ƙarshe da zai mutu don kuskure?” – ta fi dacewa fiye da kowane lokaci.
Maimakon ba wa waɗannan raunukan da aka sake buɗe musu mugunyar kulawar da suka cancanci, 'yan Republican sun musanya siyasar zage-zage da fantasy. Yawancin 'yan Democrat masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, a bi da bi, suna ƙoƙarin nesanta kansu daga cece-kucen da ke tunawa da shekarun 1960. Akwai kuma ’yan jarida na tsakiya, waɗanda ke guje wa gaskiyar gaskiya don karɓu da halaccinsu. Irin wannan amnesia, ko a sume ko a'a, yana ba da ladabi ga rashin ikirari na waɗanda kamar Robert McNamara, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru ashirin da biyar ya yarda cewa Vietnam ta kasance "kuskure" sa'an nan kuma, lokacin da mai shirya fina-finai Errol Morris ya tambaye shi dalilin da yasa bai yi ba. t yayi magana a baya, ya amsa, “Bana son ci gaba…. Hakan yana kara kara haifar da cece-kuce.”
Al'amarin Jane Fonda yana bayyana ma'auni biyu da munafunci da ke damun tunaninmu. A cikin Yawon shakatawa, masanin tarihin Kerry Douglas Brinkley ya bayyana binciken soja na hunturu na 1971, wanda Fonda ya goyi bayan kuma Kerry ya halarta, inda tsoffin sojojin Vietnam suka zube bakinsu game da "kashe goks don wasanni, azabtar da VC da aka kama ta hanyar yanke kunnuwa da kawunansu, fyade mata. da kona kauyuka.” Brinkley ya kuma ba da labarin yadda daga baya Kerry ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa, "Na aikata irin ta'asar da dubban mutane suka yi," musamman daukar alhakin harbe-harbe a yankunan da ba a samu tashin gobara, ayyukan bincike da lalata, da kona kauyuka. Brinkley ya kwatanta waɗannan shaidu a cikin yanayi mai daɗi da shari'a, yana kiran su "masu ban sha'awa." Sabanin haka, Brinkley ya la'anci ziyarar Fonda a 1972 zuwa Hanoi a matsayin "marasa hankali," ba tare da jin wani buƙatar ƙarin bayani ba.
Me yasa zaluncin Amurka zai zama abin ban tsoro kawai, amma tafiya zuwa Hanoi mara hankali?
A gaskiya ma, Fonda ba ta da kuskure kuma ba ta da hankali a cikin abin da ta ce kuma ta yi a Arewacin Vietnam. Ta gaya wa jaridar New York Times a cikin 1973, "Na tabbata cewa akwai abubuwan da suka faru na azabtarwa… Binciken da John Hubbell ya yi, da kuma tambayoyin 1973 tare da POWs, ya nuna cewa halayen Vietnamese da ke saduwa da duk wani ma'anar azabtarwa ya ƙare ta 1969, shekaru uku kafin ziyarar Fonda. James Stockdale, POW wanda ya fito a matsayin abokin takarar Ross Perot a 1992, ya rubuta cewa ba fiye da kashi 10 cikin 90 na matukan jirgi na Amurka sun sami akalla kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na hukuncin Vietnamese, sau da yawa don yin tsayin daka da gangan. Amma duk da haka tatsuniyoyi na yaɗuwar, mummunar azabtarwa ta Gabas ta zama gaskiya ta miliyoyin Amurkawa.
An goge daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar jama'a shine gaskiyar cewa manufar Fonda ita ce ta yi amfani da shahararta don sanya haske kan yiwuwar tashin bam na tsarin dikes na Vietnam. An yi watsi da tuhumar ta a lokacin George H.W. Bush, a lokacin jakadan Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ya koka da "kamfen da 'yan Arewacin Vietnam da magoya bayansu suka shirya a tsanake don ba da yada labaran duniya ga wannan karya." Amma Fonda ya yi gaskiya kuma Bush ya yi ƙarya, kamar yadda bayanan fadar White House na Afrilu-Mayu 1972 na Richard Nixon ke magana da Henry Kissinger game da "wannan ƙaramar ƙasa":
NIXON: Dole ne mu yi tunani game da harin bam na gaba daya…. Ina tunanin dik.
KISSINGER: Na yarda da kai.
NIXON:…Shin hakan zai nutsar da mutane?
KISSINGER: Kimanin mutane dubu dari biyu.
Don ƙoƙarin kawar da wannan bala'i ne Fonda, wanda mashahuriyar hanyar "FTA" ta nuna (ko dai "Fun, Travel, Adventure" ko "Fuck the Army") aka toshe shi daga shiga sansanonin soja, ya yi hira da gidan rediyon Hanoi yana kwatanta. Sakamakon tashin bama-bamai da matukan jirgin B-52 suka yi wa mutane mil biyar a sama da ita. Bayan ziyarar tata, harin bama-bamai da Amurka ta kai kan wuraren da aka yi garkuwa da su ya ragu, "ya baiwa 'yan Vietnam damar gyara barnar da aka yi da kuma kawar da ambaliyar ruwa," a cewar Mary Hershberger.
Hoton Fonda na yanzu ya nuna mata tare da wasu mata 'yan Vietnam suna nazarin makamin jirage, wanda ke nuna a tunanin gaskiya cewa ta ji dadin kashe wadannan matukan jirgin Amurka ba tare da wani laifi ba. Don ɓata wannan hoton da abin da ya zo wakilta, yana iya zama taimako mu duba baya a tarihinmu.
Ka yi tunanin Jane Fonda na karni na sha tara yana ziyartar Oglala Sioux a cikin Black Hills kafin yakin a Little Big Horn. Ka yi tunanin yadda ta ke nazarin kibiyoyin mahaukacin doki ko hawa kan dokin Sitting Bull. Irin wannan halin da wata fitacciyar ’yar wasan kwaikwayo ta yi ba shakka za ta harzuka Janar George Armstrong Custer, amma menene sauran mu za su ji a yau?
A cikin raye-raye tare da Wolves, Kevin Costner ya buga wani sojan Amurka wanda ya tafi "dan asalin" kuma, sakamakon haka, mutanensa sun kai masa hari kuma sun zalunce shi a matsayin maci amana. Amma mu a cikin masu sauraron zamani ya kamata mu mutunta kuma mu tsara Costner "maci amana," watakila saboda jaruntakarsa yana tabbatar da laifin mu na tarihi. Shin zai ɗauki wani ƙarni don wasu Amurkawa don ganin balaguron Fonda zuwa Hanoi a irin wannan haske?
Shahararrun ruɗi game da Fonda wata taga ce cikin wasu ruɗani masu haɗari waɗanda ke wucewa don tunawa da tarihi a wannan ƙasa. Daga cikin mafi wahalar yin takara akwai iƙirarin cewa masu fafutukar yaƙi da yaƙi sun ci gaba da tofa albarkacin bakinsu kan dawowar tsoffin sojojin Vietnam. Don haka duniya ita ce yarjejeniya kan “tofi” wanda na taɓa daina ƙoƙarin karyata shi, kodayake ban taɓa jin labarin ko ɗaya ba cikin shekaru goma na abubuwan antiwar. Sai kuma binciken tarihi mai ban al'ajabi na wani tsohon sojan Vietnam mai suna Jerry Lembcke, wanda ya nuna a cikin Hoton Spitting (1998) cewa ba a taɓa samun komi ɗaya na irin wannan cin zarafi ba. A gaskiya ma, binciken Lembcke na 'yan jarida na gida a cikin shekaru goma na Vietnam bai nuna wani rahoto na tofa komai ba. Hasashen tatsuniya ce ta waɗanda suka ji "spat-akan," Lembcke ya kammala, kuma yana nufin a siyasance don bata sunan gwagwarmayar antiwar nan gaba.
Fina-finan na Rambo ba wai kawai sun yada hoton tofa ba ne, har ma da da'awar cewa daruruwan sojojin Amurka da suka bace a wurin 'yan kwaminisanci na Vietnam na tsare da su don wasu dalilai da ba a bayyana ba. Babban nasarorin da John Kerry ya samu a majalisar dattijai shine samun goyon bayan bangarorin biyu, ciki har da na dukkan tsofaffin ‘yan majalisar dattijai na Vietnam, don wani rahoto da ya bayyana tarihin MIA ba shi da tushe, wanda ya haifar da daidaita dangantaka. Amma duk da haka miliyoyin Amurkawa sun kasance fursunonin wannan almara.
Zai zama da sauƙi, ina jin tsoro, ga wa] annan Amirkawa su yi imani cewa Jane Fonda ta taimaka wajen azabtar da POWs fiye da yarda da shaidar da GI na Amirka suka yi cewa sun yanke kunnuwa, sun ƙone kunnuwan, sun yi wa mata fyade da kuma kashe yara Vietnam da guba mai guba. Shekaru biyu kacal da suka gabata da yawa daga cikin mutane iri ɗaya a Jojiya sun kada kuri'a a kan kujerar da aka yanke na Yaƙin Vietnam sau uku, Sanata Max Cleland, saboda kasancewa "mai laushi kan tsaron ƙasa."
Idan har akwai wani maganin wannan cuta mai kumfa a cikin dimokuradiyya, yana iya kasancewa a tsakiyar yakin neman zaben John Kerry na neman shugabancin kasar. Maimakon nisantar da kanmu daga abubuwan da suka gabata, kamar yadda masu yin afuwa na tsakiya za su ba da shawara, watakila ya kamata a ƙarshe mu kawar da ɓangarorin kuma mu kalli abin da ya sa duk raunukan ba su warke ba. Abin da ya fi dacewa da rayuwar John Kerry shi ne lokacin da ya shafe yana yaki da kashewa a Vietnam sannan ya juya don nuna rashin amincewa da rashin hauka. Maimakon ya nannade kansa cikin kage-kage, sai ya jefa tunaninsa da rudu, da misalta karfin sojansa, a kan shingen fadar White House. Abin da yawancin Amirkawa ke buƙatar yi ke nan.
Idan ni ne George W. Bush, da idanun waɗancan tsofaffin mayaƙa, waɗanda ake kira ƙungiyar ’yan’uwa, da ke ba da kai don yin hidimar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Kerry za su firgita ni. Suna kama da maza masu ƙima don daidaitawa, tare da rashin haƙuri ga nau'ikan waɗanda suka tura su yaƙi don ƙarya, sannan suka yi watsi da rashin lafiyar Agent Orange, yanke fa'idodin GI, bi da su kamar masu hasara kuma har yanzu ba su bayyana abin da wannan yaƙin yake ba. game da. Sun san Jane Fonda juriya ce daga babban filin yaƙi. Su ne irin wadanda za su sa wani dan majalisar dattawan Amurka mai ra’ayin rikau, wanda a karshe ya gano su wane ne makiyansu kuma suka kuduri aniyar cewa wannan zamani ya sake jin labarinsu. Suna shirin yin yaƙi na ƙarshe. Chickenhawks mafi kyau.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi