(Satu. 7) — Menene ma'anar hanyar ba Keynes kaɗai ba har ma da Marx aka dawo da shi cikin salon zamani a cikin rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya? Wannan tambaya ce da ya kamata a yi tunani a kai a ranar da aka keɓe a hukumance don bikin ajin da Marx ya gani yana ɗauke da alƙawari - da alhakin samar da ingantacciyar duniya.
Shekaru 1989 da suka gabata, da yawa sun jefa ra'ayoyin Marx cikin kwandon shara na tarihi tare da gwamnatocin gurguzu na kididdiga da suka ruguje a 19. Amma duk da haka Marx, wanda fiye da kowane masanin tattalin arziki ko masanin falsafa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a karni na XNUMX ya dage cewa gwamnati ta kasance wani abu ne da ya shafi al'umma, kuma yana sa ido. Bayan juyin juya hali na 'yan mulkin mallaka, da ya kasance mafi tsananin sukar wadannan gwamnatoci. Kamar yadda Schumpeter ya taɓa faɗi, akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin Marx da Stalinism kamar yadda akwai Yesu da Inquisition.
A kowane hali, yayin da tsarin tsarin jari-hujja ya yi sauri a cikin shekarun 1990s, a zahiri ya zama abin salo fiye da kowane lokaci a faɗi Marx, musamman kan yadda "buƙatar faɗaɗa kasuwa ta yau da kullun don samfuran ta ke bi bourgeoisie a duk faɗin duniya. "ƙirƙirar a cikin tsari" duniya a cikin siffarta." Amma abin da yawanci aka bar shi lokacin da aka nakalto Manifesto na Kwaminisanci ta wannan hanya a cikin 1990s shine fifikon Marx game da tsarin jari-hujja na duniya "yana ba da hanya don ƙarin rikice-rikice masu yawa."
Wannan bangare na zurfin fahimtar Marx game da tsarin jari-hujja ne ya fito fili a cikin rikicin da ake ciki. Yana da alama ya tabbatar da cewa jari-hujja kamar “mai sihiri ne wanda ba ya iya sarrafa ikon duniya wanda ya yi kira da sihirinsa.” Amma abin da ke da mahimmanci a tuna da shi a ranar ma'aikata shi ne cewa Marx, ba kamar da yawa daga cikin masanan tattalin arziki na Markisanci waɗanda suka sanya aikinsu na hasashen rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki ba, ba za su yi tunanin cewa kawai sabani na tattalin arziƙi na jari-hujja ba su da kansu zasu haifar da ingantacciyar duniya. .
Marx ya sani sarai cewa tsarin jari-hujja, ta yanayinsa, yana haifar da warewar jama'a, yana barin "babu wata alaka tsakanin mutum da mutum face son kai tsirara, face 'biyan kuɗi' mara kyau." Wannan yana haifar da wuce gona da iri a fuskantar rikice-rikice na sirri, daga korar masana'anta zuwa keɓewar gida. Don haka, ma, wannan keɓantacce yana hana al'ummomin ƴan ƙasa masu fa'ida daga haɗuwa don ciyar da wasu hanyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Marx zai kalli wannan rikicin ta fuskar abin da zai ɗauka don ma'aikata su shawo kan wannan cin zarafin zamantakewa. Ya ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago suna haɓakawa a lokacinsa a matsayin ci gaba dangane da “manufi nan da nan” na “ƙungiya na masu fafutuka a cikin aji” wanda “aiki na farko” zai kasance “nasara yaƙin neman dimokuradiyya.” Kuma a yau Marx zai karfafa samar da ire-iren ire-iren su, kungiyoyi da cibiyoyi ta yadda mutane za su iya sake fayyace bukatunsu da bunkasa burinsu da karfinsu don cika su ta hanyar cin nasara a yakin neman dimokradiyyar tattalin arziki. Wannan wani abu ne da babu wata al'ummar jari hujja ba za ta taba zama ba.
Babu irin wannan hangen nesa don aiwatar da sauyi da ya taso daga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a cikin wannan rikicin, aƙalla ba ya zuwa yanzu. Haka kuma ba zai iya fitowa daga hanyar tsaro ta farko a halin yanzu ba. Suna buƙatar yin tsayayya da matsin lamba na ma'aikata don sa ma'aikata su ɗauki nauyin rikicin a cikin jama'a da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Amma rashin burinsu na tsarawa da wakilcin dukkan ma'aikata ta kowane fanni na rayuwarsu, ba wai kawai ta hanyar ƙunci mai ma'ana ba ga cinikin gama gari, yana ƙara yin rauni.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa Ranar Ma'aikata da muke bikin a yau, bisa doka da aka kafa a 1895 don faruwa a ranar Litinin ta farko ta Satumba, ta shafi Kanada da gaske bin abin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi don guje wa ma'aikata a wurin shiga cikin bikin ranar Mayu a matsayin hutun ma'aikata na duniya. . An kafa wannan al'ada a cikin 1889 lokacin da babban taro na farko na kasa da kasa na biyu (wanda ya gaji na farko na kasa da kasa wanda Marx ya shirya a 1860s) ya yi kira ga ma'aikata a ko'ina su shiga yajin aikin kwana daya na shekara-shekara a ranar 1 ga Mayu. An zabi wannan ranar ne domin ta zo dai-dai da lokacin da ake gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da zubar da jinin da ake yiwa ma'aikata a ciki
Ƙungiyoyi a cikin
An kwatanta wannan ta hanyar shigar da kyauta zuwa nunin kasa na Kanada a ƙarshen
Leo Panitch shine Shugaban Bincike na Kanada a Kwatanta Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa a
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi