Source: Gaskiya
Don motsin ma'aikata a Amurka, 2021 shekara ce da aka ayyana ta hanyar buɗe sabbin fuskoki. Ko da yake an yi fama da rashin ƙarfi sosai, ma'aikatan Amurka da masu shirya ƙungiyoyi sun ɗauki sabbin riguna. Rikicin ƴan kwadago ya tashi don mayar da martani ga matsi na sabon zamani da tsofin gaba. Abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa na cutar ta COVID-19 sun kara dagula shirye-shiryen da suka rigaya suka lalace - korafe-korafen ma'aikatan Amurka suna karuwa tun kafin Maris 2020, wani aiki na shekarun da suka gabata na stagnation da austerity wanda aka sanya ta hanyar tattara iko mai zaman kansa.
Guguwar zanga-zanga da murabus ya nuna rashin jin daɗi tare da cin zarafi da ikon duniya na aiki, a cikin shekarar da aka tsara ta hanyar aiwatarwa akai-akai: 2021 ya ga faɗuwar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar a Amazon da Starbucks, maimaita ikirarin ikon da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suka yi, faɗar da aka daɗe a John Deere da Warrior Met. Coal, kuma ya buge Kellogg's, Nabisco, Frito-Lay da ƙari masu yawa. Ma'aikatan masana'antar fina-finai da talabijin, kafintoci, malamai, ma'aikatan telecom, ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri, masu haɓaka wasan bidiyo, injiniyoyin sararin samaniya - 2021 ya kasance abin ban mamaki ga bambance-bambancen sassan da abubuwan haɓaka ayyukan gama gari ko dai sun sake farkawa ko kuma sun tashi a karon farko.
Wannan ya ce, ci gaba ya kasance mai wuyar gaske. Gaskiya ne cewa gwagwarmayar ma'aikata ta wannan shekara ta gudana a cikin ɗimbin masana'antu da ba a saba gani ba, amma wannan nau'in ya karyata ƙarancin ƙarancin ikon "yajin aikin" na 2021, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka ɗauka. Adadin ma'aikatan da suka tsunduma cikin ayyukan gama gari sun yi kasa da mafi girma na 'yan shekarun nan, kamar yadda ya yi adadin sabbin takardun zaɓen ƙungiyar. Ƙarfin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙiyayya yana haɓaka, amma har yanzu ba a tsara su, tsara su da kuma tafiyar da su ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata waɗanda adadin membobinsu ya daɗe a ciki. faduwar gaba.
Halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ƙunshi haƙiƙai masu karo da juna: Ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Amurka tana da matuƙar ƙuntatawa kuma an sake farfado da ita. Ƙungiyoyi suna wracked da tashin hankali na ciki tare da mika hadin kai; ma'aikata duka sun sami sabon aiki kuma sun ɗauki sabbin nauyi. Shekaru goma na tabarbarewar albashi da rashin iya aiki (ko rashin gamsuwa, ko cin hanci da rashawa kai tsaye) Cibiyoyin aiki sun samar da yanayin fashewa. Yiwuwar irin wannan farfadowar ya kasance ba a gane shi ba - amma 2021 ya ba da alamun bayyanannun cewa ana sake kunna wannan yuwuwar, mai mahimmanci.
Muhimmin Aiki don Biyan Kuɗi mara Rayuwa
Cutar ta barke, ba shakka, ta dagula yanayin wuraren aiki na Amurka. Sau da yawa an kwatanta COVID a matsayin wani abu na ƙwanƙwasa don haɓaka gaba da aiki. Wannan gaskiya ne ta fuskoki da yawa, kodayake yanayin yanzu yana da tushe mai zurfi. Warewar watannin farko na cutar ta iyakance ayyukan gama gari na kowane iri, tare da raguwar yajin aiki daidai da haka - kodayake ma'aikata har yanzu suna yin yawo na mutum ɗaya da kuma irin wannan motsin motsa jiki (har zuwa 1,200 ta kidaya daya), sau da yawa a mayar da martani ga matsalolin tsaro. Irin wannan ayyukan zanga-zanga a farkon shekarar cutar - duka yajin aikin da aka daidaita da kuma ayyukan da ba na ƙungiyar ba - sun nuna alamun rashin jin daɗi da har yanzu ke zuwa.
Tun daga farkon COVID-19, ribar kamfanoni sun kai matsayi mafi girma. Tare karuwar kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na arzikin attajiran kuma a ɗorewar yanayin bambance-bambancen albashi, yanayin da ake ciki sun sami hanyar nuna rashin daidaituwar rashin daidaituwar zamanin mu na zamani. Asymmetry na wahala a duk lokacin bala'in yana cikin shaida kamar ma'aikata sun ci gaba da fuskantar dogon sa'o'i da karancin albashi, baya ga sabbin hadurran kan aiki da matsi kamar rashin ma'aikata. Waɗanda suka yi aiki don samun albashin talauci sun saurara yayin da aka yaba musu a matsayin “masu mahimmanci,” ana yaba musu a matsayin “jarumai.” (Ba a yi hasarar mutane da yawa waɗanda kalmar ƙarshe ke nufi ba sadaukar da kai.) Idan suna da mahimmanci, ma'aikata sun kammala daidai, to me yasa har yanzu albashin ya kasance mai rahusa, matsalolin tsaro ko dai. faruwa ba ji ko gayyata ramawa?
Rashin jituwa tsakanin wannan zance da ma'anar rashin iyawa a kan aiki ya zama ba zai yiwu a yi watsi da shi ba. Kamar yadda Jonah Furman da Gabriel Winant suka rubuta in Tsarin kalma: "Mai mahimmanci" ma'aikacin - sabon nau'in ma'aikacin da aka haifa daga cutar sankarau - yana ƙalubalantar shugabar da ya yi kyau kan wannan nadi." Duk da haka, yayin da rikice-rikice masu tasowa sun taimaka wajen canza fahimtar juna, ma'aikata "ba su da tsari na musamman…
Sakamakon haka, yawancin rashin jin daɗin jama'a mai dadewa a maimakon haka ya sami bayyananniyar ayyukan juriya. Ma'aikata sun fara barin aiki gabaɗaya, a cikin saurin da ba a taɓa gani ba - rikodin miliyan 4.3 a watan Agusta, ta Ofishin Kididdigar Ma'aikata. Farashin dakatarwa ya yi yawa musamman liyãfa, kiri da kula da lafiya, a cikin bayyanannen wasiku tare da haɗarin annoba. Abin da ake kira "Babban murabus" shine samfurin nau'ikan nau'ikan wuraren aiki waɗanda ba za a iya jurewa ba, waɗanda aka ba da ƙarfi - kodayake ba lallai ba ne - ta COVID.
Ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Amurka tana da matukar damuwa kuma an sake farfado da ita.
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna, kamar yadda Kim Moody ya yi a wata kasida don mujallar Marxist Specter, cewa a haƙiƙanin sallamar ya kasance yana tasowa tun daga 2009, tun kafin barkewar cutar. Wani bincike da Gallup ya yi ma ya nuna cewa "Babban murabus" ana iya kiransa da kyau "Babban Rashin jin daɗi.” Murabus na baya-bayan nan alamu ne kawai - yana nuna “rashin gamsuwa da aikin” ma’aikata da kuma “kwarin gwiwar yin aiki” dangane da yanayinsu, kamar yadda Moody ya bayyana.
Wannan "Babban murabus" ya ƙarfafa kasuwar aiki: Yanzu akwai ƙarin buƙatun aiki (Oktoba ya ga babban 11 miliyan), da ƙananan ma'aikata da ke son cika su. Saboda haka, ma'aikata, suna sane da cewa sun zama ƙasa mai maye gurbinsu, yanzu sun sami kansu a cikin sabon m matsayi. An ba da dama da dama don yin yaƙi don canjin yanki a wuraren aikinsu ta hanyar tayar da hankali don samun ƙarin albashi da shawarwari, amincin wurin aiki da ingantaccen sassauci. A cikin 2020 da 2021, ma'aikata masu ƙarancin albashi sun kasance suna barin aiki akai-akai ko kuma sun yi zanga-zanga a yawan ma'aikatan da ba na ƙungiyar ba, ciki har da manyan azumi abinci kantuna, Walmart, Instacart, Dollar Janar, da sauran kamfanoni da suka yi fice a kan karancin albashi da yanayin gwaji. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan walƙiya na rashin amincewa an gamu da su cikin gaggawa tare da jin daɗi, kamar yadda manyan kamfanoni, ciki har da McDonald's da Walmart, da CVS, Walgreens, Costco da Chipotle, ya sanar da karin albashi don tabbatar da cewa za su iya riƙe ƙarfin aikinsu.
Rushewar sarkar kaya sun kara karfafa matsayin ma'aikata; Ƙara yawan kashe kuɗin masu amfani da ƙarancin ma'aikatan kayan aiki sun kawo cikas ga tsarin isar da saƙon "daidai-lokaci" na ƙasar da kuma samar da aiki tare da wani yunƙuri don yin amfani da ma'aikata. Takwaransa ga waɗannan matsalolin daukar aiki, abin takaici, yana nufin cewa har yanzu ma'aikata suna ƙara yin aiki fiye da kima don yin bambanci.
Amma nasarorin da aka tarwatsa ga ma'aikatan da suka tarwatse, ayyukan zanga-zanga da kuma yin murabus na fushi ba iri daya bane da ikon masu aiki tare. Rubuta a cikin Diss, Nelson Lichtenstein ya bambanta tsakanin tsarawa da waɗannan halayen da ba su dace ba: “Ma’aikatan da ba na ƙungiyar ba, ko ta yaya bacin rai, kada ku shiga yajin aiki. Za su iya barin aikinsu, har ma su fita tare na wani sauyi ko biyu, amma in babu wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, kusan ko da yaushe kungiyar kwadago, nan ba da jimawa ba zanga-zangar tasu ta wargaza.” Zurfin ɗimbin ƙungiyoyi ya hana damar samun ƙarin tasiri, ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Akwai sauran ayyukan tsara da yawa da za a yi. "Har yanzu, idan aka kwatanta da aikin rashin jin daɗi da aka nuna shekaru da yawa, an sami tabbataccen ɓacin rai - mai yiwuwa ƙari a cikin ji fiye da a cikin lambobi masu wuya," kamar yadda Alexandra Bradbury ta ce in Bayanan Aiki.
"Inda aka tsara ma'aikata tare a cikin ƙungiyoyi, ƙananan kasuwannin aiki suna haifar da haɓaka shirye-shiryen tunkarar ma'aikata game da sharuɗɗan aiki, maimakon neman mafi kyawun yarjejeniya a wani wuri." ya ci gaba da Furman da Winant. "A takaice dai, rundunonin da ke ba da aiki ga mutane da yawa - rashin isassun ma'aikata da aiki mai yawa - suna shirya ma'aikata lokaci guda don yin yaƙi." Maimakon kuzarin da ba a mai da hankali ba wanda ke bazuwa cikin yawo na lokaci-lokaci, haɗin gwiwa yana sauƙaƙe haɓaka, ci gaba mai dorewa na ƙarfin ma'aikata.
Yajin Iri iri-iri
An baje kolin karin kuzarin da aka samu a shekarar 2021 yayin da yajin aiki ke yaduwa a fadin masana'antu. A cikin labarinsa don Specter, Moody ya buga 194 har zuwa Nuwamba - fiye da sau biyu na jimlar shekarun baya, kuma kusan sau uku na 66 da suka faru a cikin 2020. Duk da haka tare da wannan karuwar ya zo da gargadi: Yayin da yajin ya kasance da yawa, adadin masu yajin aiki a wannan shekara (73,000) bai kusan kusan daruruwan ba. na dubunnan a cikin 2018 da 2019 da suka dauki mataki a lokacin da Janar Motors da yajin aikin malamai na kasa baki daya - fadace-fadacen da suka yi a baya wadanda suka taimaka wajen tayar da duniya a filayen da suka dade da durkushewa.
2021, maimakon haka, ya kasance sananne don haɓaka ba a cikin adadin ayyukan ayyukan aiki ba, amma a cikin faɗin su: Daga cikin jimlar Moody na yajin aiki 194, 124 sun faru a ba ilimi, masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu na kiwon lafiya. (Bayanan Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikata takardu kawai sun yi yajin aiki na ma'aikata sama da 1,000, don haka ainihin ma'aunin aikin gama gari zai iya ɓoyewa; Binciken Moody's ya haɗa ayyuka tare da ƙananan mahalarta. Bugu da ƙari, auna matakan juriya na ɗaiɗaikun waɗanda ba lallai ba ne su zama na al'ada, yajin aikin da aka ba da izini na iya ba da hangen nesa game da haɓaka gabaɗaya a wurin aiki, idan ba madaidaicin ƙirar ƙungiyoyin aiki ba. Yin amfani da waɗannan ma'auni masu faɗi, Labour Action Tracker, aikin Jami'ar Cornell, sama da ayyuka 300 na kan aiki a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.)
Har yanzu, halayen kafofin watsa labaru na gama gari na abubuwan da suka faru na 2021 a matsayin "hargitsin yajin aiki" (masu sharhi kuma sun ƙirƙiri moniker "Striketober" don bayyana tashin hankali musamman a cikin faɗuwa) an fito da shi kawai ta wata ma'ana ta musamman: yajin aiki ya bazu zuwa sababbin sassa. Jimlar yawan ma'aikatan da ke cikin "Striketober" na 2021 (22,000) bai kwatanta da 85,000 na Oktoba 2019 ba. Ƙarin da ya ci karo da labarin yajin aikin shine wahayi mai hankali cewa, duk da fadada zuwa sabbin sassa, jimillar masu shirya takardun koke-koke na zaben ya ragu matuka. zuwa karshen shekara. Ƙarfafan tsageranci bai haifar da dogaro ga ikon gama kai ba.
Nasarar warwatse ga ma'aikatan da ke warwatse, ayyukan zanga-zanga da yin murabus da fushi ba iri ɗaya bane da ikon masu aiki na gama gari.
Kamar yadda mai tsara ƙungiyar kuma manazarci CM Lewis ya rubuta, yayin da “yajin aikin yajin aiki” ya kasance a wasu hanyoyi da aka wuce gona da iri, har yanzu lamarin ya kasance cewa “aikin yajin aikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ba wai kawai girma bane, yana yaduwa cikin tattalin arzikin cikin yanayin da ba a iya gani a cikin sama da shekaru goma.” Duk da wannan ci gaban, akwai sauran damar da ba a yi amfani da su ba: A cikin 2021, Kwangilolin kungiyar 450 da suka shafi ma’aikata 200 ko fiye sun kare - mahimman mahimman bayanai waɗanda, duk da haka, sun tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, alamar cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙungiya. Koyaya, yayin da 2022 ya fara, har yanzu yanayi yana kan gaba don gwagwarmayar ma'aikata. Karewa na ɗaruruwan ƙarin kwangila a cikin shekara mai zuwa yana nuna ci gaba da rikici tsakanin ma'aikata da shugabanninsu.
A cikin hira tare da Littattafan Verso, Jonah Furman ya ba da ra'ayi mara kyau game da haɓakar yajin aiki:
Yanzu wata hanya da za a fahimci cewa [banbanci tsakanin ƙananan lambobi da kalmar "yajin aiki"] shine kawai cewa akwai ƙarancin ilimin aikin aiki kuma kafofin watsa labaru suna neman labari kuma sun sami ɗaya; zato, a wasu kalmomi. Wata hanyar fahimce ta, ko da yake, ita ce “wasu yajin aiki” ba wai kawai game da lissafi ba ne; ba wai kawai a tara adadin ma’aikatan da ke yajin aikin ba… Wani abin lura a wannan faduwa shi ne, ana alakanta yajin aikin da wani lokaci na siyasa da zamantakewa… Don haka ko da yawan yajin aikin bai kwatanta da lokutan baya ba, ingancin yajin aikin. na yajin aikin yana da nasaba da siyasa da zamantakewa.
Yin yaƙi da Kwangilolin Biyu
Bayan waɗancan haɗin gwiwar gama gari zuwa lokacin zamantakewar zamantakewa, gwagwarmayar aiki na 2021 sun nuna takamaiman abubuwan gama gari. Yawancin fadace-fadace masu mahimmanci sun raba maki matsa lamba: ƙirar kwangilar matakai biyu. “Biyu-biyu” na nufin tsarin biyan kuɗi da fa’ida wanda ake biyan ma’aikata daban-daban a ƙarƙashin kwangiloli daban-daban. Ma'aikata na yanzu suna karɓar sharuɗɗan fifiko, yayin da kwangilar ta nuna cewa ma'aikata na gaba za su sami fakitin da bai dace ba. Wadannan tsare-tsare a bayyane suna biyan bukatun gudanarwa; manufarsu (baya tanadin kuɗin ma'aikata) shine don raba ma'aikata a kansu ta hanyar gabatar da fafatawa a gasa. Ƙin barin ƙasa na kwangila ya nuna ƙarfin halin ma'aikata: Adawa ga kwangiloli biyu. ya yi sayayya ta musamman a cikin 2021, kuma, a lokuta da yawa, ƙungiyoyin sun yi watsi da shawarwarin rangwame - gami da yarjejeniyoyin ƙulla yarjejeniya da shugabannin ƙungiyar suka cimma.
Ɗayan rikice-rikicen da aka fi sani da shi ya faru a masana'antar gado John Deere. Kamfanin ya sami ribar biliyoyin daloli na shekara guda kuma ya baiwa masu hannun jarinsa da shuwagabannin sa tare da ɗimbin kayan hannu, yayin da aka ba ma'aikata ƙarin ƙaranci. Sabuwar kwangilar ta kuma ba da shawarar ƙara wani mataki na uku (zuwa tsarin da aka riga aka tsara na biyu) wanda zai hana sabbin ma'aikata fansho. A martanin da ta mayar, United Auto Workers (UAW) - ma'aikatanta da ke wakiltar ma'aikatanta sun kada kuri'a da gagarumin rinjaye don ba da izinin yajin aikin. (Shirin mai hawa biyu shima ya kasance babban direban babban yajin aikin UAW a General Motors a cikin 2019.) A cikin Oktoba, sama da ma'aikatan John Deere 10,000 da aka gudanar akan tayi biyu. Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci cewa matsayi-da-fayil sun ƙi amincewa da shawarwarin da manyan jami'an UAW suka yi shawarwari: alama ce ta ƙara ƙarfinsu. Bayan makonni biyar, membobin sun yarda yarjejeniya ta uku wanda ya adana fensho kuma ya kafa asusun kula da lafiya na ritaya, kodayake kwangilar ƙarshe ba ta soke tsarin tsayayyen tsarin da aka kafa ba tun 1997.
Tawayen zama memba a John Deere yana nuni ne da tashe-tashen hankula na cikin gida a manyan ƙungiyoyi, gami da United Auto Workers. Cin hanci da rashawa na tsari a tsakanin manyan shugabanni ya addabi UAW; badakalar sun hada da almubazzaranci da sayar da ma’aikata ta hanyar karbar cin hanci daga bangaren gudanarwa kan sharuddan kwangila. Yana da dalilai kamar haka kungiyar gwagwarmayar dimokuradiyya masu ba da shawara don ƙara sa hannu-da-fayil shiga cikin yanke shawara da zaɓen jagoranci kai tsaye. Magoya bayan dimokuradiyyar kungiya, an tsara su a kungiyoyi irin su Ƙungiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Ƙungiyar, neman sake fasalin tsarin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka zama masu girma dabam, ba da damar jagoranci mai ƙarfi don yanke shawara waɗanda za su iya yin kuskure tare da buri da muradun matsayi. A wasu ƙungiyoyi, tsarin zaɓe irin na Kwalejin Zaɓe na iya ƙetare ƴan rinjaye da haɓaka tsarin mulkin kama-karya "Dokar jam'iyya daya." Shekarun da aka yi ana shiryawa ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi masu goyon bayan demokraɗiyya a cikin matsayi da fayil na UAW sun ƙare a wannan Disamba a cikin wucewar zaben raba gardama wanda zai bada damar gudanar da zabe kai tsaye, kafa a "Mamba daya, kuri'a daya" tsarin. Wani canji na cikin teku kuma ya faru a cikin Teamsters, babbar ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ta ƙasa. Ƙididdigar da ke samun goyon bayan ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya, Teamsters United, zaben shugaban kasa a karshen 2021; wannan sabuwar gwamnati ta bayyana aniyar hada kan masu mukami, fuskantar mataki biyu a UPS - kuma yi Amazon.
Shawarwari mai hawa biyu, tare da munanan yanayin aiki, sun kuma kori Biredi, Kayayyakin Abinci, Ma'aikatan Taba da Ma'aikatan Abinci (BCTGM) na 2021 Nabisco. Ya fara da sanannen labari: Kamfanin Mondelēz na dala biliyan da yawa na alamar yana da shekara banner, kuma Shugaban Kamfanin ya sami wadatar zunzurutun kudi har dalar Amurka miliyan 42.4. A halin da ake ciki, tabarbarewar yanayi, ƙarancin albashi, matsananciyar buƙatun rangwame da barazanar fitar da kayayyaki ya sa ƙungiyar ta mayar da martani. Tafiya a wani wurin aiki a Portland, Oregon, ta shiga ciki yajin aikin gama gari a jihohi biyar, tare da kowane kayan aikin Nabisco da rarraba kayan aiki a cikin ƙasar. An kammala yajin aikin na makonni biyar tare da amincewa da ingantaccen kwangila, amma wasu ma'aikata ba su gamsu ba tare da sasantawa. BCTGM na gida kuma bugu na kwanaki 19 a wata shuka ta Frito-Lay a Topeka, Kansas, sa'an nan kuma a wurare hudu mallakar Kellogg's mai sarrafa abinci. Kwangilar ta biyu ita ce damuwa ta aiki a karshen Yajin aikin mako 11, wanda ya zama batu mai muhimmanci na kasa da kuma ya jawo kauracewa mabukata. Bugu da kari, an cimma yarjejeniyoyin wucin gadi wadanda suka magance bukatun ma'aikata, ko da yake ba tare da sasantawa ba.
An yi murabus saboda rashin ma'aikata a duk masana'antu, amma a fannin kiwon lafiya ne rashin ma'aikata ya kasance abin damuwa musamman. Matsi na COVID da yawan aiki sun haifar da hauhawar raguwar rates a cikin sana'a - kuma rashin ma'aikata ya kasance a matakan rikici tun kafin annobar cutar. Yawancin ma'aikata a manyan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya Kaiser Permanente suna wakiltar ƙungiyar 21, haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata 52,000 da ake kira Alliance of Healthcare Unions. Lokacin Alliance an ba da izinin yajin aiki a cikin kaka na 2021, sun bayyana karara cewa rashin ma'aikata yana da mahimmanci. Kaiser (wanda yake da biliyoyin daloli a cikin wannan kwata kawai) ya ba da kwangilar matakai biyu, wanda mambobin kungiyar suka yi jayayya zai kara ta'azzara rikicin ta hanyar yin wahalar jawo sabbin ma'aikata. Gudanarwa ya kasance yana ƙoƙarin rage ƙarancin matakan ma'aikata ta hanyar ɗaukar "ma'aikatan jinya na balaguro" na ɗan lokaci tare da sake sanya manajoji don kula da marasa lafiya, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu ba su da isasshen horo. (Hadarin wannan dabara ga marasa lafiya sun bayyana kansu.) Amma an tabbatar da ƙarfin aiki da sauri: Fuskantar yawo akan sikelin mai yawa, Kaiser gudanarwa capitulation kafin yajin aikin.
2021 ya kasance sananne don karuwa ba a cikin adadin adadin ayyukan aiki ba, amma a cikin faɗin su.
Yayin da barazanar yajin aikin Kaiser ta kasance mai girman gaske, daya ne kawai daga cikin rikice-rikicen ma'aikata da yawa a cikin kiwon lafiya a wannan shekara, galibi suna tafe kan batutuwa iri ɗaya. Damuwa game da ma'auni mai aminci ya kori ma'aikata a asibitin Mercy dake Buffalo, New York, don fara yajin aiki a watan Oktoba; a can ma, cibiyar kula da Lafiya ta Katolika ta nemi bullo da wani tsari mai hawa biyu. Ma'aikatan Asibitin St. Vincent a Massachusetts, wani ɓangare na babban kamfani mai fa'ida na Tenet Health, da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Halayyar Cascade ta Jihar Washington Har ila yau, ya faru a bara a kan rashin isassun ma'aikata da yanayin tsaro.
A kamfanin Warrior Met Coal da ke Alabama, United Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai na Amurka (UMWA) sun shiga yajin aiki tun ranar 1 ga Afrilu. Tattaunawar kwantiragin ta wargaje yayin da ma'aikata suka rasa fa'idodin da suke samu a karkashin ma'aikaci na baya Walter Energy, wanda ya yi fatara a 2016. kuma Warrior Met ya siya. Ma'aikata sun sadaukar biya karin lokaci da ɗaukar nauyin kula da lafiya, sau da yawa yana ɗaukar awoyi 12 har zuwa kwana bakwai a mako, gami da hutu. Gudanarwa, wanda aka bai wa manyan alawus, ya fuskanci ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki matakin shari'a ya hana masu zaben su. Hare-haren da suka kai kan layin dogo ya kai ga tashin hankali, ciki har da lokuta na harin mota - wanda ma'aikatan kamfanin suka yi - wanda ake zargin ya raunata mahara da dama. 'Yan sandan yankin "sun nuna kadan ko babu sha'awar bin wadanda suka aikata laifin," kungiyar ta fafata. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, UMWA na ci gaba da yajin aiki.
Jerin ya ci gaba. Mahimmanci, a kuri'ar kafa kungiyoyin farko a shagunan Starbucks mallakar kamfanoni ya faru a Buffalo, New York. Waɗancan ƙoƙarin sun gamu da sauri sanannun kulawa da kulawa da kuma tsoratarwa - amma kungiyar ta ci nasara. (Starbucks Shugaba kuma dan takarar shugaban kasa na lokaci daya Howard Schultz, yana nuna nasa dabara dabara, gano cewa ci gaban m isa kira Holocaust.)
A watan Oktoba, bayan sun ba da izinin yajin aiki, mambobin kungiyar International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE) sun cimma yarjejeniya tare da Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers don "lokacin hutu masu ma'ana; hutun abinci; albashin rai ga waɗanda ke ƙasan ma'aunin albashi; da gagarumin karuwar diyya da sabbin kamfanonin watsa labarai za su biya,” kungiyar ta ruwaito. Duk da haka, babban rukuni na matsayi-da-fayil ya ji haushi tare da yarjejeniyar ƙarshe - godiya ga tsarin wakilai na IATSE (wanda zaɓaɓɓen jami'an ƙungiyar ke wakiltar bukatun ma'aikata, maimakon barin membobin su jefa kuri'a kai tsaye), an amince da shi a kan mafi rinjaye. Wannan nau'in ne dilution na daraja-da-fayil ta sha'awa cewa kungiyar jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya ta himmatu wajen yin takara.
Kamar yadda “masu mahimmancin ma’aikata” suka sake yin la’akari da alakar su da ma’aikatansu, an sami sauyi a cikin fahimtar kai a fannin ilimi. Duk da koma baya daga gwamnatocin Columbia, Harvard, Jami'ar New York, tsarin Jami'ar California, da sauran wurare, ma'aikatan ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri a waɗannan makarantun sun ɗauki kansu ba kawai ɗalibai ba har ma da ma'aikata "masu mahimmanci" - kuma sun cika aiki sosai. -mafi karancin albashi a wancan. Wani sabon gaggawar shiryawa tsakanin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun sakandare (ciki har da, musamman, 17,000 Jami'ar California masu bincike dalibai) ya samar da wani nau'i na musamman na haɓaka aikin 2021, wanda ke nuni da faɗaɗa faɗaɗa aikin.
Wasu ƙarin misalan: Bayan zaɓe na kwana ɗaya, Oregon's United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Local 555, wakiltar ma'aikata. na Fred Meyer mallakar Kroger da sarƙoƙin QFC, ya ci yarjejeniya ta ƙarshe da "Ƙara yawan albashi, ƙarin kariyar wuraren aiki, amintaccen ritaya da ingantaccen kiwon lafiya." California ma'aikatan sadarwa tare da Ma'aikatan Sadarwa na Amurka sun kaddamar da yajin aikin rashin adalci a farkon watan Oktoba. Direbobin bas na makaranta ya fara aiki a fadin jihar Maryland guda uku don nuna rashin amincewa da karancin direbobi, albashi da ka'idoji. The UAW ta kai hari tare da cimma matsaya a wata tashar motocin Volvo a Norfolk, Virginia, yayin da kungiyar kafintoci na Arewa maso yamma yayi gwagwarmaya don karuwar albashin rayuwa a Seattle, yana samun ci gaba mai matsakaici. Ma'aikatan manyan mawallafin wasan bidiyo Activision Blizzard ya ɗauki matakai na farko zuwa ga tsari tare da Ma'aikatan Sadarwa na Amurka, rashin ƙarancin masana'antar. Ma'aikatan gidan jinya tare da yankin SEIU sun sami nasarori tare da barazanar yajin aiki in Connecticut; Majalisar Injiniyoyi Metal Trades Council (AEMTC) injiniyoyin sararin samaniya sun yi hamayya da ayyukan rashin adalci a cikin Tennessee. Bugu da ƙari, wannan samfuri ne kawai. A ayyuka 194 (ta Kim Moody's count), ayyukan yajin aikin gama gari na 2021 ya yi nisa da yawa da za a iya danganta shi a nan gaba ɗaya.
Samun Giant a cikin Bessemer
Gwagwarmayar ƙwadago wacce ta fi daukar hankali a wannan shekara ita ce wacce ta ƙare, aƙalla a yanzu, cikin asara: Amazon ya murƙushe wani kamfani na Retail, Wholesale and Department Store (RWDSU) yana shirya tuƙi a gininsa a Bessemer, Alabama. , rayuwa har zuwa mutuncin kamfani na rashin tausayi. An ba da garantin ɗaukar rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai: Ko da ƙaramin ƙungiyar a cibiyar Amazon a Amurka za ta zama wurin da za a ci gaba da yin yunƙurin ba wa ma'aikata damar yaƙi da masu amfani da titanic, mai yuwuwar ba da damar shirya ƙoƙarin yaɗa a cikin ma'aikatanta na 400,000 a duk faɗin ƙasar. Saboda haka, shugabannin ba su ji tsoronsa ba.
Da zarar RWDSU ta fara ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na tsara ginin Bessemer, ma'aikatan (mafi yawan Baƙaƙen fata) sun sami wahala daga tashin hankali anti-ƙungiya marar karewa, mahara texts a rana ("Ba mu yi imani cewa kana bukatar ka biya wani ya yi magana a gare ku ko kuma cewa kana bukatar ka biya dues ga abin da ka riga samu for free," karanta daya misali), m saka idanu da kuma kula da captive- zaman masu yada farfagandar adawa da kungiyar. Gudanarwar Amazon ba ta da damuwa game da ba da barazanar yanke fa'idodi ko rufe kantin sayar da kayayyaki, ko game da faɗin ƙarya - iƙirarin rashin gaskiya cewa, tare da ƙungiyar, ba za a bari ma'aikata su shigar da ƙararraki tare da manajoji ba, kuma "Manufar RWDSU ita ce ta da kudin da za a biya motocin shugabannin kungiyar da abinci.” (Yana nuni ne da ƙasƙantar yanayin dokar ƙwadago ta Amurka cewa irin waɗannan dabarun ɓarnatar da ƙungiyar suna da yawa na doka.)
Ko da yake wasu manyan muradun al'ummar ƙasar sun kai musu hari, suna fuskantar rashin lahani, ma'aikata na ci gaba da fafatawa.
RWDSU ta yi zargin cewa Amazon na sakaci kan lafiya da aminci, duka dangane da matakan cutar da kuma sakamakon hukumcin yanayin da kamfanin ke yi. An ba da lokacin hutu mafi ƙanƙanta, ma'aikatan sito akai-akai suna wucewa daga zafi fiye da kima samu raunuka da kuma lamuran lafiyar kwakwalwa, har zuwa ciki har da suicidal ideation - kamar yadda kamfanin ya sani. The "Aikin da ba za a iya jurewa ba," kamar yadda RWDSU ya bayyana shi, sakamako ne daga sadaukarwar Amazon ga kayan aiki da sauri-in-lokaci. A duk faɗin daular Amazon, mutuwa ba sabon abu ba ne. Kwanan nan, ma'aikata a wani shagon Amazon a Edwardsville, Illinois, an tilasta musu su ci gaba da aiki a lokacin hadari, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane shida. Kamar yadda 'yar jarida mai aiki Kim Kelly ta ruwaito, ma'aikata shida suma sun mutu a rumbun ajiyar Bessemer a shekarar da ta gabata kadai.
A cikin Bessemer, Amazon hayar 'yan sanda don tsoratar da masu shirya taron, kuma ya tafi har zuwa aiki tare da Alabama's Jefferson County don canza lokaci akan fitilar tsayawa don hana masu shirya kungiyar yin magana da ma'aikata yayin da hasken ya yi ja. (Wannan zargi na RWDSU daga baya aka tabbatar ta bakin wani jami’in karamar hukumar da ya zanta da ma’aikatar kwadago Ƙarin Cikakkun Ƙungiyar.) Lokacin da lokacin zaben ya zo, Amazon management ya yi aiki tare da US Postal Service zuwa shigar da nasu akwatin saƙon kan shafin don tattara kuri'u, ba da, aƙalla, ra'ayin kuri'ar da aka sa ido. A karshe dai an kada kuri'ar rashin amincewa da kungiyar, sakamakon tursasawa da jami'an gudanarwa suka yi masa. tsangwama. Koyaya, ƙarshen bai ƙare ba. RWDSU ta tuhumi tasirin da bai dace ba, kuma Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta ƙasa (NLRB) Jami'in sauraren karar ya ba da shawara wanda ya yarda. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, NLRB mulki a watan Nuwamba cewa, saboda akwatin wasiku da sauran kutse, zaben dole ne a sake gudu. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru a Amazon suna nuna halin ƙungiyar ƙwadago a lokaci-lokaci da kuma ba da ƙarfi: Duk da cewa wasu manyan buƙatun ƙasar sun kai hari, suna fuskantar rashin ƙarfi, ma'aikata suna ci gaba da yaƙin.
Sabon Mai Yiwuwa A Cikin Tsohuwar Gwagwarmayar
2021, ga duk rikice-rikicen da suka kunno kai kamar gobarar gobara a duk fadin kasar, an kammala shi da armashi sosai, tare da zane-zane mai zurfi sosai tare da babban jari da ke da ikon mallakar ma'aikata. Juriya na iya yin girma, amma damar da aka rasa sun yi yawa: Sabunta kwangilar da ba a yi takara ba da kuma ƙarancin adadin sabbin takardun zaɓe na ƙungiyar sun nuna cewa dabarun ƙwadago ba su iya cin gajiyar rashin gamsuwa ba.
"Abin takaici," marubucin dabarun aiki Jane McAlevey in The Nation, "Mafi yawan kungiyoyin kwadago na kasa sun lalata 2021 ta hanyar ba da fifiko a bayan fage don samun damar gudanar da mulkin Biden da tarkace daga teburin shugabanni."
Guguwa ko jagororin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar yadda yake a cikin UAW, sun kawar da kuzarin matsayi da fayil tare da yin shawarwarin kwangiloli. Neal Meyer rubuta in Kira cewa tsagerun mamban ba su “ sami tallafi da yawa daga shugabannin ƙwadago ba. An kama shi bai sani ba - kuma a wasu lokuta an kama su suna tattaunawa da kwangiloli cewa membobinsu masu tayar da kayar baya da karfin gwiwa. sun ƙi kuma sun buge da - Shugabannin kungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun ki amincewa su rura wutar tawayen kwadago." Amma abin al'ajabi, kuri'ar raba gardama ta dimokuradiyya da sabon tsarin jagoranci a cikin UAW da Teamsters, bi da bi, suna nuna alamun sauyi a cikin waɗannan dangantakar ikon cikin gida.
Gabaɗaya, albarkatun ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun yi iyaka da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su don samar da sabbin ɗabi'un membobin, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da irin ƙarfin da shugabanni ke da shi. Mugunyar da Amazon ta fuskanci motar ƙungiyar Bessemer ba ta da kyau: Anti-union tsoratarwa da tsangwama sun kasance al'ada. Amma duk da haka ƙiyayyar gwiwa na babban birnin tana magana akan ƙarfin aikin gamayya. Duk da cewa har yanzu juriya tana ci gaba da kasancewa kuma akwai cikas da yawa, yunƙurin tattara rashin jin daɗi ya yi kama da ɗaukar motsi fiye da rushewar da COVID ya haifar.
Kamar yadda Moody ya rubuta, akwai kowane “dalilin yin imani da cewa yajin aikin da tsageru gabaɗaya za su ci gaba idan muka fahimci 'tashin hankali' na 2018-2021 sakamakon ba kawai cututtukan cututtuka da yanayin haɗin gwiwa ba, amma na tarin korafe-korafe kan dogon lokaci."
Abubuwan da suka faru na zamanin neoliberal - yawan cin riba ta jari-hujja, rashin son samar da adalcin albashi da wuraren aiki na mutuntaka - ya haifar da sabani na asali tsakanin aiki da gudanarwa, shuka tsaba na juriya. Ga ma'aikata, alaƙar da ke tsakanin gilded wuce gona da iri na babban jari da nasu mallakar ya zama ƙara bayyana.
Don ma'aikata su ci gaba da yin fa'ida kan waɗannan sauye-sauyen canjin yanayi za su buƙaci cewa rashin jin daɗin yanayi ya shiga cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa - amma 2021 ya nuna alamun bayyanannun cewa tsarin aikin galvanization ya fara, yayin da ma'aikata ke nuna ƙarfi a cikin sassan da aka dade ana tsara su kuma suna kafa tushe a cikin sababbi. . Farfadowar ƙungiyar ta Amurka tana nan tana nan, amma a bayyane yake cewa - duk da haka a taƙaice - ikon masu aiki ya fara samun gindin zama.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi