"ZAMU KASANCE MA KARANCIN FRANCE'
Makonni biyu da suka gabata, babban kamfani na mako-mako na Amurka Newsweek An buga wani labarin da ke ɗauke da take mai ban sha'awa “Dukkanin mu ‘yan gurguzu ne yanzu.’ Labarin ya yi tsokaci game da shirin farfado da tattalin arzikin gwamnatin Obama da shirin ceto duk da cewa “gwamnatin Amurka ta riga ta – ƙarƙashin gwamnatin jam’iyyar Republican mai ra’ayin mazan jiya – yadda ya kamata ta mayar da bankin ƙasa ƙasa. da kuma masana'antun jinginar gidaje.'
Kamar yadda wannan ke ba da shawara, Newsweek ya daidaita “ zamantakewar al’umma” da kusan duk wani muhimmin sa hannun jaha a cikin rayuwar tattalin arziki. Don tallafawa wannan ƙididdiga ta tsokana, mujallar ta yi nuni da "girmamar rawar da gwamnati ke takawa a cikin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa," wanda ke nuni da cewa "muna kan hanyar da za mu bi ta Turai. Shekaru goma da suka wuce,' 'yan jaridun Newsweek John Meacham da Ko da Thomas sun rubuta,' kashe kudaden da gwamnatin Amurka ke kashewa ya kai kashi 34.3 na GDP, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 48.2 cikin 2010 a yankin Yuro… kashi a cikin yankin Yuro. Kamar yadda kashe haƙƙoƙin ya ƙaru a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, za mu ƙara zama Faransanci.’ (J. Meacham da E. Thomas, “We are All Socialist Now,’ Newsweek, Fabrairu 39.9, 47.1).
GASKIYAR GASKIYA DA RUDANI
Akwai muhimman abubuwa guda huɗu da suka ɓace daga wannan rahoton na Newsweek na ban mamaki:
1. Duk wani ingantaccen fahimtar gurguzu mai nisa kamar yadda masu bin sa na zamani suka karbe shi kuma suka ci gaba: ma'aikatan dimokuradiyya da al'umma suna kula da harkokin tattalin arziki da siyasa domin amfanin al'umma, daidaito, da moriyar jama'a maimakon riba ta sirri. da kuma tsarin zamantakewa. Kamar yadda Lance Selfa, marubuci Ba’amurke mai ra’ayin Marxist, ya lura a ƙarshen tarihin sa na baya-bayan nan na Jam’iyyar Demokraɗiyya, “al’ummar gurguzu” ita ce wadda “ba a sadaukar da bukatun ɗan adam ga ribar masu arziki. A cikin al'ummar gurguzu, ma'aikata za su mallaki masana'antu da ofisoshi. Za a kawo tsarin mulkin danniya na jihar - daga gidajen yari zuwa sojoji a karkashin mulkin dimokuradiyya sannan kuma a soke su.' Haka nan kuma, rayuwar yau da kullun da gogewar zamantakewa za su sami 'yanci daga manyan tufafi, magana, da sauran ka'idodin al'adu na rashin daidaito tsakanin aji. kamar yadda al'amarin ya kasance a cikin juyin juya hali na Barcelona a 1936, don haka an kwatanta da ban mamaki a cikin girmamawar George Orwell ga Catalonia (Lance Selfa, Dimokuradiyya: Tarihin Mahimmanci [Chicago, IL: Haymarket, 2008], shafi na 197-198).
Daidai da mugunyar sharewarsu na sanannen iko da rashin aji, Meacham da Thomas ba su ce komai ba game da gagarumin girman da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi ikirarin cewa sabbin ''yan gurguzu' (da "Turai') na shiga tsakani a madadin 'yan tsirarun attajiran kasar, BA gama gari ba. mai kyau kuma mafi yawan masu aiki. Ba su nuna rashin fahimtar cewa ya shafi abin da 'yan barkwanci suka dade suna kira " zamantakewa ga masu arziki." Sun bar abin da ya fi mahimmanci (wanda zai yi tunanin) gaskiyar cewa "samfurin Turawa na" gurguzu '(mafi ra'ayin jin dadin jama'a na jari-hujja) wanda suke iƙirarin "dukkanmu' motsi ya fi kwatankwacin nauyi ga jin daɗin jama'a da daidaito fiye da tsarin Amurka, wanda ke dogaro ga kamfanoni da jin daɗin Wall Street da babban kasafin kuɗi na soja (aƙalla dala tiriliyan 1 a kowace shekara idan aka kwatanta gaskiya) wannan shi kansa babban tallafin jama'a ne ga masana'antun Amurka masu zaman kansu.
2. Duk wani bincike ko wasu bayanan ra'ayi da ke nuna cewa galibin Amurkawa suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin '''yan gurguzu.' Babu irin wannan bayanan, godiya ga al'adu da akidar hukumomin Amurka da suka daɗe suna samun nasarar gano manufofin dimokraɗiyya na hagu da 'yanci tare da babban mai mulki. , Azzaluman dan gurguzu na karya na Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot, da makamantansu.
3. Tattaunawa da wani ɗan gurguzu na Amurka guda ɗaya kawai don samun ra'ayinsa game da ko yawancin jama'ar Amurkawa ba zato ba tsammani sun rungumi ra'ayin gurguzu da shirin duniya.
4. Duk wata fahimta mai ma'ana ta gaskiyar cewa jari hujja da ƴan jari hujja sun daɗe sun dogara ga kariyar jiha, tallafi, da ƙa'ida - wanda ake zaton jari-hujja "kasuwar kyauta' ta kasance koyaushe. tsarin jari hujja na jiha. Tsarin riba da katon halittarsa na Frankenstein Kamfanin zai durkushe - hakika da ba za su tashi daga kasa ba - ba tare da maimaitawa da ci gaba da sa hannun gwamnati ba a madadin tarin dukiya. Ga abin da ya dace, kwafina na Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary ya ce "hanyar jari-hujja' a cikin "ƙarshenta na ƙarshe" ya kasance "gabaɗaya yana siffanta" da "ƙaramar ikon gwamnati" (tare da "ɗali ga tattara dukiya' da" ci gaban manyan kamfanoni'). Tunanin cewa ba a daina mulkin jari hujja lokacin da gwamnati ta tsunduma cikin harkokin tattalin arziki kuskure ne kawai.
ME YASA AKE YIN KIRKIRI?
NewsweekDa'awar cewa "dukkanmu 'yan gurguzu ne yanzu" karya ne a sarari kuma yakamata ya kama mutane da yawa a matsayin abin ban mamaki. Tambaya mai ban sha'awa (a gare ni ko ta yaya) shine me yasa a Duniya zasu ci gaba da ita.
Don Sayar da Kwafi
Wani ɓangare na bayanin, ina zargin, shine kawai cewa suna son siyar da al'amurra tare da take mai ban sha'awa da kusurwar labari - wani abu da zai iya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin rikicin tattalin arziƙin 'yan kasuwa masu zurfafa da kuma la'akarin da jam'iyyar Republican da ta kafofin watsa labarai na dama-dama ta zamani. -McCarthyite yayi iƙirarin cewa gwamnatin Obama tana gabatar da, da kyau, " zamantakewa.'
Zasu Iya Gaskanta Shi
Wani bangare na shi yana iya zama cewa marubutan labarin da editocin ba su da cikakkiyar masaniya da akidar akida don a zahiri yin imani da cewa Obama da ma ayyukan gwamnatin Bush a cikin tattalin arzikin sun kai wani nau'i na gurguzanci. Ra'ayin ƙarya na cewa jari-hujja ci-gaban tattalin arziƙi ne, "tattalin arzikin kasuwa mai 'yanci' - ba wani nau'i ne na ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulkin aji na gwamnati ba - ana yaɗuwa kuma ana rabawa a yawancin ajin siyasar Amurka, gami da manyan 'yan jarida da masu sharhin labarai. Kadan daga cikin mutanen da suka ƙare rubutawa don mujallu kamar Newsweek an fallasa su da kyau ga daidaitattun nazarin hagu na jari-hujja na jiha.
"Mai yiwuwa Populist mai guba".
Amma ina tsammanin za a iya samun wani abu mai zurfi da ke faruwa. Kyawawan ta hanyar ma'anar, kafofin watsa labaru na kamfanoni (wanda Newsweek wani bangare ne na hakika) kyama da tsoron dimokuradiyya mai farin jini da kuma fatan samun sauyi mai tsauri daga tushe. Manyan ma'abota kafafen yada labarai na Amurka, manajoji da manyan jami'ai sun dade kuma a zahiri (idan aka ba su girman arzikinsu, samun kudin shiga, da gatansu) suna tunanin cewa gurguzu na hakika - ma'aikatan dimokiradiyya suna sarrafa amfanin zamantakewa tare da kin amincewa da bambance-bambancen tattalin arziki na zamantakewa da kuma al'adun aji. mulki - zai zama mummunan abu. Kuma su da masu tallace-tallacen jari-hujja da sauran 'yan'uwa masu daraja suna da dalilai da yawa don jin tsoron motsin jama'a zuwa irin wannan canji mai zurfi a cikin dogon lokaci, mai ban sha'awa, da mummunan mafarki mai ban tsoro na Bush-Cheney da kuma cikin zurfin zurfin dan jari-hujja " Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki.' Tun ma kafin rikicin tattalin arziƙin na yanzu ya soma, bayan haka, yawancin Amurkawa sun goyi bayan ɗimbin manufofin bin tafarkin dimokuradiyya na zamantakewa. Don haka, misali:
* 69 bisa dari na masu jefa kuri'a na Amurka sun yarda cewa "gwamnati ta kula da wadanda ba za su iya kula da kansu ba" (Pew Research, 2007).
* Kashi 58 cikin 2004 na Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata gwamnatin Amurka ta ƙara yi wa ƴan ƙasarta, ba ƙasa ba (Binciken Zaɓen Ƙasa, XNUMX).
* Sau biyu yawancin Amurkawa sun goyi bayan ƙarin ayyukan gwamnati da kashe kuɗi kamar yadda adadin Amurkawa waɗanda suka goyi bayan ƙarancin ayyuka da rage kashe kuɗi ko da yana nufin ƙarin haraji (National Elections Survey, 2004).
* Kashi 64 cikin 2007 na Amurkawa sun ce za su biya ƙarin haraji don ba da tabbacin kula da lafiya ga duk 'yan ƙasar Amurka (Ra'ayin Ra'ayin CNN, Mayu XNUMX).
* Kashi 69 cikin 2006 na Amurkawa sun yi tunanin alhakin gwamnatin tarayya ce ta ba da ɗaukar hoto ga duk ƴan ƙasarta (Gallup Poll, XNUMX).
* Kashi 80 cikin ɗari na Amurkawa sun goyi bayan ƙarin ƙarin albashin da gwamnati ta ba da izini (Associated Press/AOL Poll, Disamba 2006).
* Kashi 71 cikin ɗari na Amirkawa sun yi tunanin cewa haraji a kan kamfanoni ya yi ƙasa sosai ( Gallup Poll, Afrilu 2007).
* Kashi 66 cikin ɗari na Amurkawa sun yi tunanin haraji kan masu samun kuɗi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa (Gallup Poll, Afrilu 2007).
* Kashi 59 cikin ɗari na Amirkawa sun kasance masu goyon baya ga ƙungiyoyi, tare da kashi 29 kawai ba su da kyau (Gallup Poll, 2006).
* Yawancin masu jefa ƙuri'a na Amirka sun yi tunanin cewa "tambayar ɗabi'a mafi gaggawa ta Amurka" ita ce ko dai "ƙauna da son abin duniya" (kashi 33) ko kuma "talauci da rashin adalci na tattalin arziki" (kashi 31). Kashi 16 cikin ɗari kawai sun gano zubar da ciki kuma kashi 12 cikin ɗari sun zaɓi auren luwaɗi a matsayin "tambayar ɗabi'a mafi gaggawa" ta al'umma (Zogby, 2004). Don haka, kusan kashi biyu bisa uku (kashi 64) na yawan jama’a sun yi tunanin cewa rashin adalci da rashin daidaito su ne manyan “la’amuran ɗabi’a” na al’umma.
* Kashi 29 cikin ɗari na Amirkawa ne kawai suka goyi bayan faɗaɗa kashe kuɗin gwamnati kan “kare. Kashi 79 cikin 69 sun goyi bayan ƙarin kashe kuɗi akan ilimi; da kashi 69 cikin ɗari sun goyi bayan ƙarin kashe kuɗi akan Tsaron Jama'a (Majalisar Chicago kan Hulɗar Waje, "Binciken Ra'ayoyin Duniya,' 2004). [1]
A yau, kamar yadda hukumomin sadarwar kamfanoni suka sani sosai, tsarin jari-hujja na Amurka (ba don haka “kasuwar kyauta ba”) yana cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gazawar sa. Dubun miliyoyin jama'ar Amurkawa suna fama da sakamakon munanan halaye (amma daidai da tsari da tushen tsarin) halayen jari-hujja. Ayyuka, ƙimar gida, asusun ritaya, amincewar mabukaci da tsaro na tattalin arziki gabaɗaya na ci gaba da faɗuwa yayin da tattalin arzikin Amurka ya faɗi a baya-bayan nan zuwa abin da The Wall Street Journal ya kira "mataki mafi muni fiye da yadda ake tunani a baya." Jimillar kayayyakin cikin gida na kasar ya fadi da wani abin ban mamaki na shekara-shekara na kashi 6.2 a cikin kwata na hudu na shekarar 2008 da kuma an kiyasta kashi 4 cikin dari a watan Janairun shekarar 2009. Zuba jari masu zaman kansu sun yi kasa da kashi 21 bisa dari (!) yayin da kudaden da mabukaci marasa dorewa ya ragu da fiye da 9. bisa dari a cikin watanni uku na ƙarshe na 2008, yana jagorantar Saks Inc. Shugaba Stephen I. Sandove don kiran yanayin yanzu "watakila mafi kalubalen da kamfanin ya fuskanta a tarihin shekaru 84.'
Fiye da Amurkawa 600,000 sun yi sabbin takaddun rajista don inshorar rashin aikin yi a kowane mako a cikin Fabrairu.
Masana tattalin arziki suna bayyana ra'ayinsu game da yuwuwar murmurewa a wannan ko shekara mai zuwa yayin da tattalin arzikin kasar ke fuskantar mafi munin rugujewa tun mafi karancin kwanaki na koma bayan tattalin arziki na 1982 (Conor Dougherty da Kelly Evans, “Tattalin Arziki cikin Mafi Muni Tun daga ’82,' Wall Street Journal, Fabrairu 28-Maris 1, 2009, A1-A2). Babban masanin tattalin arziki Nouriel Roubini (daya daga cikin ƴan ƙwararrun masana ilimi don yin hasashen rikicin kuɗi) ya lura cewa “yau, yayin da muka shiga wata na 15, a bayyane yake cewa mun riga mun shiga cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki mai siffar U wanda ya zama duniya kuma zai dore a aƙalla har zuwa ƙarshen shekara - watanni 24, mafi tsayi tun lokacin Babban Bacin rai… Kuma abubuwa na iya yin muni. Yanzu muna fuskantar damar 1 a cikin 3 cewa, idan ba a sanya manufofin da suka dace ba, wannan mummunan koma bayan U-dimbin yawa na iya zama mafi munin yanayi na L-siffar kusa-tashin hankali ko tsautsayi (haɗin kai mai kisa na tabarbarewar tattalin arziƙi kuma farashin deflation) kamar wanda Japan ta samu a cikin 1990s bayan da dukiya da ãdalci kumfa fashe' (N. Roubini, "The L Curve,' New York Times, Maris 1, 2009).
Duk da iƙirarin da Obama ya yi na rantsar da shi cewa wannan rikicin tattalin arziƙin da ke daɗa taɓarɓarewa ya samo asali ne sakamakon " gazawarmu ta haɗin gwiwa," haka kuma, da alama Amurkawa sun fahimce shi sosai cewa ainihin abin da ya haifar shi ne halin rashin kulawa da kwaɗayin masana'antar hada-hadar kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri. ikon ajin masu saka jari
"Ba mu (har yanzu)" duk 'yan gurguzu yanzu' amma karuwa da yawa daga cikinmu za su iya zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu adawa da jari hujja yayin da yawancin batutuwan da ke ci gaba da fuskantar koma baya na rikicin jari-hujja. . Hukumomin siyasa da kafofin watsa labaru na Amurka sun san yadda sauri rikicin tattalin arziki ya haifar da sake fasalin siyasa da akida (ciki har da rugujewar gwamnatocin karya da gurguzu) a Gabashin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai. Sun ga yadda tsarin jari-hujja na Neoliberal na Amurka ya haifar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a da ci gaban zaɓen Hagu a Latin Amurka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Lokacin da suke da isasshe mai ban mamaki da raɗaɗi, sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki na ƙididdigewa na iya haifar da canje-canje masu inganci a cikin gaskatawar siyasa da ɗabi'a. Tuni gwamnatin Obama mai tsatsauran ra'ayi ta ci gaba da turawa ta hanyar yanayi na zahiri da kuma ra'ayoyin jama'a (ciki har da fushin jama'a da ta hau ofis) don matsawa zuwa (sosai) cikin ladabi da girman kai da tarin dukiya da kuma ƙaddamar da tsarin tattalin arziki zuwa sabon matakin gwamnati. tsari da shiga tsakani.
Wannan yanayi ne da lokacin cike da yuwuwar abin da manazarcin tsaron Amurka Nathan Freier ya kira "maƙiyin cikin gida' - da tsaron ƙasa" barazanar yanayi '- na "populism mai guba.' "Haɗarin tsaro na" populism mai guba' shine magana ta Pentagon don fahimtar dimokraɗiyya na hagu da daidaito da fafutuka, wanda masu tsara shirye-shiryen soja ke gani a matsayin wani ɓangare na dalilin da yasa Sojojin Amurka (musamman Tawagar Yaƙi ta Birgediya ta 3 ta Sojojin Amurka, Kwanan nan an koma dama daga Iraqi da aka mamaye zuwa cikin daular "ƙasar mahaifa" a ƙarƙashin umarnin US Northern Command, ko NorthCom) yanzu (abin mamaki ya isa) haƙƙi (wadanda masu tsara shirye-shiryen sun yi imani) shiga (saɓanin harafi da ruhin Dokar Posse Comitatus kuma) Dokar Tawaye) a cikin aikin 'yan sanda na cikin gida [1].
Don yin muni ga ’yan jari-hujja, a fili yana da wahala a yau fiye da yadda yake a lokacin Yaƙin Yaƙi don bincika yawancin ra'ayin zamantakewar zamantakewa ta hanyar haɗa shi da mafarki mai ban tsoro na Soviet. "Tunda akwai ƙananan gwamnatocin Kwaminisanci da suka rage a yau,' wannan ra'ayin ba shi da mahimmanci ga "ƙimar da aka yi a shirye-shiryen" tarayya da tsarin gurguzu irin na Soviet' (M. Leibovich, "'Socialism!' Boo, Hiss, Maimaita,' New York Times, Maris 1, 2009, sec. 4. shafi 1).
Matsakaicin Tsari da Rage Biyan Kuɗi akan gazawar Obama
A matsayin babbar hanyar watsa labarai ta kamfanoni, ɗayan ayyukan Newsweek fiye da siyar da kwafi shine don taimakawa ƙunshe da haɓakar sanannen sani a kan tafarkin dimokuradiyya na hagu. Ta hanyar cewa dukanmu mun zama "'yan gurguzu," Newsweek yana fatan haifar da tunanin cewa an riga an sami cikakken juyin halitta mai ban tsoro kuma babu wani wuri da ya rage don mutane da gwamnati za su je. Yana gano wayewar mafi yawan ci gaba tare da aljanu amma mai shuɗewa kuma ɗan bogi na gurguzu na karya na Soviet na karya kuma tare da sabuntar ɓarna na ƙasashen waje-“barazana” kamar Hugo Chavez da (mai ban dariya) “Faransa. danganta sabuwar gwamnatin zuwa irin wannan mara kyau a hukumance, “samfurin marasa-Ba-Amurke, yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa babu wani halaltaccen sarari akan tsarin akida da manufofin Amurka fiye da jari hujjar Obama/Summers/Geithner da Goldman Sachs, Inc.
Kuma ba duka ba ne. Lokacin da Obama ya yi taurin kai, alamar haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni ya nuna rashin isa ga aikin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi da murmurewa - kamar yadda ake iya la'akari da tsananin rugujewar yanzu - da'awar cewa dabararsa ta kasance "mai ra'ayin gurguzu" ta yi alkawarin ƙarin rabo: gazawar da ta haifar. za a iya amfani da shi azaman “tabbacin cewa manufar Hagu gazawa ce kuma dole ne a ba da izinin “ba a sake ba da izinin tsoma baki tare da haƙƙin kamfanoni masu tsarki da “kasuwa mai ‘yanci’ (wanda ke tattare da ƙarya kamar koyaushe tare da “dimokraɗiyya” da “yanci” a cikin babban akida) . Kira ajandar tattalin arziki na gwamnatin yanzu "mai ra'ayin gurguzu" duka biyun ƙoƙari ne na duba yuwuwar ci gabanta a halin yanzu da kuma biyan kuɗi kan rigakafin abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba zuwa hagu mara misaltuwa na gwamnatin Obama.
DA RURKING PARANOIDS NA FARKO RIGHT
Abin baƙin ciki, ganin hanyar haɗin "S-word" da aka yi a cikin abin da ake tsammani (bisa ga har yanzu mai ƙarfi na Amurka dama) "kafofin watsa labaru masu sassaucin ra'ayi' Newsweek, ba kawai akan Fox News ko a kan Rush Limbaugh da Sean Hannity ba, yana ciyar da ci gaba mai zurfi. paranoia da kuma hadaddun zalunci na babban-mallaka, Almasihu- soja, tsageran ubangida, da kuma farar kishin kasa mai wuya dama. Wannan ɓangarorin da ke fakewa da kuma girma cikin haɗari a cikin fukafukan jaha kamar yadda tatsuniya ta Obama ta “hagu mai tsattsauran ra’ayi” (masu sharhi na Republican da ’yan siyasa da ’yan siyasa da yawa) ajandar ta fuskanci munanan gaskiyar tsarin ribar da ake tuhumarsa da sake haɗewa da kayan aiki. da alama suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ba su isa su yi nasara ba.
Paul Street ([email kariya]) ƙwararren masanin tarihi ne a birnin Iowa, IA. Littattafan titi sun haɗa da Daular da Rashin daidaito: Amurka da Duniya Tun daga 9/11 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2004); Zaluncin kabilanci a cikin Babban Birnin Duniya (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007); Makarantun Rarraba: Bayar da Ilimi a Zamanin Haƙƙin Jama'a na Bayan Jama'a (New York: Routledge, 2005); da Barack Obama da makomar siyasar Amurka (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, Satumba 2008), wanda za'a iya ba da oda a: www.paradigmpublishers.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=186987.
NOTES
1. Ina da bashi don yawancin wannan bayanan ra'ayi ga Katherine Adams da Charles Derber, Sabbin Mafi rinjayen Mata ( Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008), shafi na 67-75.
2. Nathan Freier, "Ba a sani ba: Hannun Hannun Hannun Dabaru a Dabarun Tsaro na Ƙasa' (Kwalejin Yakin Amurka, Cibiyar Nazarin Dabarun, Nuwamba 2008), an nakalto tsawon lokaci a cikin Matthew Rothschild, "Menene NorthCom Up To?' Mai Cigaba (Fabrairu 2009): 17-20.
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