A bara, an ba Jami'ar California a Irvine (UCI) kyauta mai mahimmanci don kafa kujeru hudu a Nazarin Kudancin Asiya. Dauren da aka yi wa kyauta ya ba wa dalibai da malamai haushi. Wani kwamitin malamai ya duba kyautar kuma ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da ita. Dean ya amince. Darasin abu ne a cikin wanda zai sami tallafin ilimi mafi girma. Wannan shine labarin.
Tafiya cikin harabar Jami'ar California a Irvine ƙwarewa ce mai ban mamaki. Fiye da rabin ɗaliban 'yan asalin Asiya ne. Lokacin da ɗalibai suka kafa teburinsu don tallata kulakensu a filin wasa, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Asiyawa ya bayyana. Akwai ƙungiyar ɗaliban Afghanistan da ƙungiyar Sinawa, tare da aƙalla kulake na Koriya ta Amurka shida. Akwai ƙungiyar ɗaliban Indiya, har ma da kulob din Indiya, wata hanyar Hindu ta Bahva, musulmi Unionungiyar da kawance da ba su dace ba.
Bambancin ɗalibi yana da kyau ga ƙasidu. Amma dalibai suna kokawa - kamar yadda da dama daga cikinsu suka gaya mani - cewa za su so su ga ƙarin azuzuwan game da tarihin su. Dalibai da malamai 'yan Asiya da ke koyarwa game da Asiya sun ce suna son samun karin azuzuwa a nahiyar da dangantakarta da sauran kasashen duniya. Amma, kamar yadda yake da yawancin cibiyoyin jama'a a Amurka, tsarin Jami'ar California ya bayyana ya karye kuma ba ya son kashe kuɗin da yake da shi don haɓaka manhajoji don biyan bukatun ƙungiyar ɗalibai daban-daban waɗanda suke alfahari da su.
Yayin da Jami'ar California ke yin alkawuran da za ta mayar da martani ga korafe-korafen daliban, ba a sani ba ko za a goyi bayan wadannan alkawurran da alkawurran kudi da suka wajaba don aiwatar da su. Misali, farawa a cikin 2017, Jami'ar California ta Los Angeles harabar za ta kafa buƙatun kwas da ke da alaƙa ga ɗaliban da suka yi rajista a cikin 2017 da bayan haka. Dalibai za a buƙaci su ɗauki aji wanda "yana magana sosai game da launin fata, ƙabila, jinsi, zamantakewa, yanayin jima'i, addini ko sauran nau'ikan bambancin." Wannan babban abin yabawa ne, amma shin UCLA tana da ikon samar da azuzuwan da suka wajaba ga ɗalibai 16,000 da ta yi rajista a kowane aji?
Babu shakka cewa hayar mutane don wadatar da tsarin ya kamata ya zama babbar manufar ilimi mafi girma a Amurka. Matsalar - ga jami'o'in gwamnati - shi ne cewa 'yan majalisa suna shakkar ba da kudi ga irin waɗannan ayyukan. Jami'a, don haka, dole ne ta je ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don tara kuɗin. Masu arziki suna da nasu manufa. Kadan suna so su ba da kuɗi ga jami'a don amfani da ba su da iko - yanayin da ya tsananta kamar yadda matsayin Humanities ya ƙi (yanzu masu ba da gudummawa ba tare da horarwa ba a cikin Humanities sun yi imanin cewa suna da karfi da'awar ma'anarsa). manhaja a matsayin malamai). Wannan shine ɗayan manyan matsalolin ilimi na ƙarni na 21 a cikin Amurka.
Takaddama Ta Barke Kan Kudade Daga Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma
A cikin Mayu 2015, UC Irvine ta sanar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Darma Civilization Foundation da Thakkar Family don ba da kyautar Shugaban Gidauniyar Dharma Civilization Foundation a Vedic da Nazarin wayewar Indic. Kyautar dalar Amurka miliyan 1.5 ta fito ne daga wani fitaccen likitan nephrologist na San Fernando, Dokta Ushakant Thakkar da matarsa Irma Thakkar. Wannan kuɗin zai biyo bayan wasu kudade don kujerar Sikh, Jain da Nazarin Indiya na Zamani. Wannan yana kama da kyakkyawan dalili na UC Irvine don yin bikin: kuɗi don matsayi huɗu waɗanda za su canza tsarin karatun, samar da azuzuwan da ɗalibai suka daɗe suna so.
To meye matsalar? Me ya sa ɗaliban da suka sauke karatu da yawa da suke aiki a Kudancin Asiya suka nuna baƙin cikin su game da wannan kyautar, kuma me ya sa ’yan’uwa da yawa suka shiga cikin fushinsu?
Matsala ɗaya ita ce mai ba da gudummawa - Gidauniyar Haɓakawa ta Dharma. Kalyan Vishwanathan, mataimakin shugaban gidauniyar, ya gaya mani cewa gidauniyar “ƙungiyar Amurka ce, mai rijista a Jihar California.” Shi ne, a takaice dai, halal ne. To mene ne matsalar? Wasiƙar damuwa daga Sashen Tarihi na UC Irvine yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma da Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), wata matsanaciyar ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Indiya, da haɗin gwiwar Amurka Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS).
Wanda ya kafa Darma Civilization Foundation - Manohar Shinde - mutum ne mai horar da RSS wanda yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa HSS. Da yawa daga cikin amintattunta (Ved Nanda, Sunil Agarwal) sun kasance shugabannin HSS - yayin da mataimakin shugabanta, Dr. Vinod Ambashta - shine Daraktan HSS. Vishwanathan ya ƙi cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna da wata rawa a cikin Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma. A wani ɓangare kuma, Vishwanathan ya ba da shawarar cewa babu wani abin da bai dace ba a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin, kuma waɗanda suke jayayya da su “suna so su ɓata miliyoyin mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a Indiya da sauran wurare.” Tabbas, don ɗaukar batun Vishwanathan gaba - Firayim Ministan Indiya na yanzu, Narendra Modi, memba ne na RSS.
Malamai da ɗalibai, duk da haka, ba su yarda cewa RSS da HSS ba su da kyau, kuma ba su yi imanin cewa Dharma Civilization Foundation ba ta da cikakken 'yancin kai daga waɗannan ƙungiyoyi. Akwai kyakkyawan dalili da ya sa Amurka ta hana Modi bizar shiga kasar na tsawon shekaru goma. Zarge-zargen hannu a kisan da aka yi wa mutane sama da 2,000 a cikin pogro a cikin 2002 ya yi wa Modi baya. Hankalin RSS ya sabawa musulmi, kuma wannan hazaka ta bayyana a cikin tarzoma da kuma kisan gillar da aka yi wa Mahatma Gandhi a shekarar 1948, biyo bayan kalaman fatan alheri da Gandhi ya yi wa musulmi. Wani babban shugaban jam'iyyar Congress Party - Digvijay Singh - ya taɓa kwatanta ƙiyayyar RSS ga Musulmai da ƙiyayyar Nazi ga Yahudawa.
Bayan dalibai da malamai sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da wannan tallafin, hukumar ta UC-Irvine ta yi gaggawar janyewa daga bikin nasu. Dean, Georges Van Den Abbeele, ya nada kwamiti don bincika rashin jin daɗin kyautar. Na tambayi Dean Van Den Abbeele game da haɗin gwiwar Gidauniyar Haihuwar Dharma zuwa RSS. Irvine, in ji shi, yana da tarihin karuwar kyauta a cikin addinan Asiya wanda ke gaban kyautar Dharma Civilization Foundation - aƙalla shekaru huɗu kafin kafuwar ta shigo cikin hoton, jami'ar ta yi amfani da baiwar da ba ta da iko kamar su adjuncts da postdocs. don koyar da wadannan azuzuwan. Irvine, in ji shi, yana so ya dauki ma'aikaci na cikakken lokaci don "juya yanayin gabaɗaya da abin baƙin ciki a cikin ilimin kimiyya zuwa ƙarin dogaro ga masu sa ido maimakon masu koyarwa na dindindin." Wannan abin yabawa ne, amma ba wanda ya amsa tambayar shigar RSS ba. Daya daga cikin malaman da suka taka rawa a cikin shirin, Farfesa John Miles, ya gaya mani, "Yaya kusancin wadannan alakokin da ake zargin sun shafe ni."
Sharuɗɗan Suna Bukatar Hayar Malamai waɗanda ke Imbibe Ethos na Hindu
Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma ta nemi waɗanda suka karɓi kuɗinta su bi ƙa'idodi guda biyu na asali.
Na farko, gidauniyar ta bukaci masu karɓar ta su ɗauki ƙwararrun malamai waɗanda suka “ɓata ruhin Hindu Ethos a rayuwarsu.” Menene ma'anar wannan? Shin dole ne malamin ya zama Hindu mai aiki? A cikin kima na Jami'ar Kudancin California, Dharma Civilization Foundation ya rubuta yarda da Farfesa Duncan Williams wanda ke koyar da addinin Buddah saboda "shi dan addinin Buddha ne."
Na biyu, kuma yana da alaƙa da wannan, gidauniyar ta nuna cewa ba dole ba ne a “rikitar da aikin hayar da rashin bin addini.” Menene ma'anar tushe da wannan? Rajiv Malhotra, babban jami'in sadarwa, ya rubuta litattafai da yawa game da tallafin karatu wanda "ya lalata al'adun Indiyawa" ta hanyar yin la'akari da nau'ikan Yammacin Turai. Sharuɗɗan da ke cikin tushe sun ce irin waɗannan malaman suna nuna “ra’ayin raini da raini ga wani abu na Hindu.” Wannan, Vishwanathan ya gaya mani, "abin takaici ne a tsakanin membobin al'ummar Dharma [Hindu]."
Dean Van Den Abbeele ya gaya mani cewa ya sanar da Dharma Civilization Foundation cewa UC-Irvine "ba za a iya ɗaure shi da wannan kalmar ba" - rikicewa da gurbata ta hanyar ilimin addini - "ko duk wani ƙa'idar da ke hana 'yancin ilimi na mai rike da kujera." Kwamitin da Dean Van Den Abbeele ya kafa ya yi dogon rubutu game da waɗannan hane-hane. "Mun damu musamman game da duk wani harshe da ke nuna cewa alaƙar addini ko shiga cikin al'amuran addini wani abu ne da ake bukata ga masu rike da kujera," sun rubuta a cikin rahoton su na Fabrairu 18.
Kalyan Vishwanathan na Darma Civilization Foundation ya ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan sharuɗɗa wani yunƙuri ne na daidaita gaskiyar cewa an daɗe ana nazarin addinai daga duniyar da ba ta al'adun Yahudu da Kiristanci ba a matsayin ƙasa. Hindu, in ji shi, ana yawan ganin "a matsayin wani nau'i na ilimin zamantakewa."
Amma Shin Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma ta ƙirƙiri mutumin bambaro? Shin da gaske akwai kyama ga Hindu a halin yanzu a cikin makarantar Amurka? Na tambayi ɗalibai da yawa a Irvine menene tunaninsu game da wannan cajin. Abubuwan da suka yi sun kasance masu shakku. Makarantar, in ji Ali Olomi, "ba wurin nuna kyamar Hindu ba." Olomi shi ne shugaban kungiyar daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri. "Dukkan malamai da kungiyar dalibai sun bayyana karara game da nazarin ilimin addinin Hindu," in ji shi.
Robert Goldman, wanda ke koyarwa a UC Berkeley, shine Babban Editan kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fassarar babban aikin don fassara Valmiki's Ramayana (Princeton University Press). Goldman ya ce ƙwararrun da suke nazarin Indiya “suna yin haka ne domin suna son wannan batu.”
Babban jami'in sadarwa Rajiv Malhotra ya ba da shawarar cewa malaman Yammacin Turai - kamar Robert Goldman da Sheldon Pollock na Jami'ar Columbia - ba su da adhikara, ikon guru. Dukansu Goldman da Pollock membobi ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, kuma gwamnatin Indiya ta ba Pollock babbar lambar yabo ta Padma Shri. Ba Hindu ba ce. Malhotra ya soki Pollock saboda "alƙawuransa na hagu da na duniya." Wannan shi ne ake ganin ya fi bugu a ƙarƙashin sirdi fiye da ainihin aikin malamai, wanda kowa ya san yana da inganci.
Kudade a Jami'ar Kudancin California
Cibiyar Ilimi ta Dharma ta kasa a Irvine, amma ta sami nasara a Jami'ar Kudancin California, inda ta ba da kujera a cikin Nazarin Hindu a 2012. Tsarin wannan kujera ya ɗauki fiye da shekara guda, tare da aiki mai aiki daga shugaban Jami'ar. na Kudancin California, shugabar Makarantar Addini - Duncan Williams, wanda gidauniyar ta yaba da kasancewarsa mai bin addinin Buddha - da Varun Soni, Dean of Religious Life.
Jami'ar Kudancin California ta yi hayar Rita Sherma - wanda ke cikin jerin Ma'aikatan Ilimin Ilimin da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Dharma ta bayar ga jami'a - a kan matsayi na gajeren lokaci na shekaru biyu don wannan kujera. Sherma babbar mai ba da gudummawa ce ga Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma kuma an yabe ta a wurare da yawa akan gidan yanar gizon gidauniyar. Cewa an ɗauke ta aiki don wannan matsayi ya nuna cewa Jami'ar Kudancin California ba ta ƙi bin ƙa'idodin da gidauniyar ta bayar. Farfesa Sherma ta gaya mini cewa ta "yi aiki tare da wasu" kuma ta sami aikin. "Na yi aiki a wa'adi na kuma na yi aiki a wani wuri," in ji ta. Yanzu tana koyarwa a Ƙungiyar Tauhidi ta Graduate a cikin shirin Nazarin Dharma wanda gidauniya ɗaya ta tallafa. Ita ce, a wasu kalmomi, babban malami-ma'aikacin da ake ɗaukar hayar akai-akai don mukamai da Gidauniyar Dharma Civilization Foundation ta tallafa.
Lokacin da kafuwar ta ba da kyauta ga Jami'ar Kudancin California, Shugaban Makarantar na Kwalejin Arts da Kimiyya shine Howard Gillman, yanzu Chancellor a UC-Irvine. Na tambayi Kansila ko yana da wata rawar da zai taka a cikin kyautar. Ta bakin Mataimakinsa, Ria Carlson, Chancellor Gilman ya ce "bai shiga cikin tattaunawa game da kyautar ko daukar ma'aikata masu alaka." Sunan Gillman baya cikin yarjejeniyar kyauta na Yuni 25, 2012 - ko da yake bai bar jami'a ba har zuwa 2013. Yana da alama ba a saba gani ba ga shugaban Kwalejin ba ya shiga cikin irin wannan kyauta mai mahimmanci ($ 3.24 miliyan). Yana da matukar sha'awar cewa tushe ya tashi daga Jami'ar Kudancin California zuwa UC Irvine - yayin da Gilman ya tashi daga aiki ɗaya zuwa na gaba.
Hadarin Dogaro da Kudade Masu Zaman Kansu
Babban ilimi da gaske yana cikin ɗaure. Sabbin fannonin karatu sun bayyana, amma babu kudi daga 'yan majalisar dokoki masu tsauri. Dogaro da kudade masu zaman kansu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Amma tarihin kansa na UC Irvine ya nuna cewa ilimi mai zurfi bai kamata ya kasance mai sauƙi a gaban masu ba da kuɗi ba. Lokacin da Gidauniyar Massiah - wanda Fariborz Maseeh, ɗan kasuwa Ba'amurke ɗan ƙasar Iran ne ya ƙirƙira - ta tunkari UC Irvine don ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Nazarin Farisa a 2005, tattaunawar ta fi girma. "Kwamitin da malamai ke jagoranta ya yi shawarwari kai tsaye da mai ba da gudummawa," in ji Farfesa Mark LeVine, wanda ke koyar da Tarihin Gabas ta Tsakiya a UC Irvine. Wannan kwamiti "ya fito fili sosai game da yadda gudummawar za ta yi aiki, mahimmancin 'yancin kai na ilimi, da batutuwan da suka danganci kuma ba a sami matsala ba."
"Yaran da ke zuwa makaranta da kwalejoji a Amurka," in ji Kalyan Vishwanathan daga Gidauniyar Wayewa ta Dharma ta ce da ni, "sun cancanci ingantacciyar hanya ga al'adun gadonsu." Tabbas, labaran kuskure game da kowane sashe na duniya ko wata al'ada ba za su shirya kowane ɗalibi ba, ba kawai waɗanda za su iya neman gado daga gare su ba. Amma matsalar ba ta cikin wannan tunanin. Yana cikin yadda za a iya ba da labari mafi kyau. Shin ya kamata tushe ne ya ƙayyade waɗancan labarun ta hanyar tushe mai kusanci da ƙungiyoyi kamar RSS? Ko kuma ya kamata a samar da su ta hanyar muguwar duniyar muhawara da tattaunawa ta ilimi, inda ka'idojin 'yanci na ilimi ke tafiyar da hankalin malamai?
Daga ƙarshe, bayan la'akari da yiwuwar shirin da Dharma Civilization Foundation ya biya, kwamitin malamai na UC-Irvine ya ba da shawarar cewa "babu ɗaya daga cikin kujeru da za a kafa." Dean Van Den Abbeele ya rubuta wa jami'ar, "Zan goyi bayan waɗannan shawarwari da sauran shawarwari." Ya bayyana cewa ƙofar zuwa Dharma Civilization Foundation a Irvine ta rufe. Dalibai za su ci gaba da sha'awar azuzuwan a cikin tunanin Indiya da tarihi. Kuɗin zai zo daga wani wuri.
Vijay Prashad yana koyarwa a Kwalejin Trinity. Shi ɗan jarida ne na Frontline (Indiya), na BirGün (Turkiyya) da al-Araby al-Jadeed. Littafinsa mai zuwa shine Mutuwar al'umma da makomar juyin juya halin Larabawa (2016).
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
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