Akwai yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa da ake yi da sunan adalci na zamantakewa…wasu sun fi wasu fage. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, waɗannan gwagwarmayar ba ta haifar da nasara ba godiya ga koke, fitilun kyandir, ko jan ƙuri'a. Wato, masu neman zaman lafiya, adalci, da haɗin kai, bai kamata su raina irin ƙarfin halin da suke ciki na rashin tausayi ba. Ina tunawa da wannan a duk lokacin da na sake karanta 'Bridge of Courage: Life Stories of Guatemalan Compañeros and Compañeras,' (Common Courage Press, 1995) littafi mai ban mamaki na Jennifer Harbury.
Guatemala (wata al'ummar da ke kan iyakar Chiapas, Mexico) wuri ne mai sauƙi don kaucewa. Saboda haka, idan za mu amince da kafofin watsa labaru na kamfanoni, iliminmu zai iyakance ga marasa lafiya, cututtukan wariyar launin fata irin wannan daga Clifford Krauss na New York Times (Afrilu 9, 1995): 'Guatemala ba ya buƙatar Karl Marx ko Babban Jami'in Leken Asiri. Hukumar da za a cinye ta yaƙi na aji da na kabilanci, da … Sojojin Guatemala, a halin yanzu a cikin labarai saboda wasu jami'anta sun karɓi kuɗin CIA na sirri, da gaske suna gama aikin da masu cin nasara suka fara. Wataƙila an maye gurbin gicciye da takobi da dabarun yaƙi na zamani, amma mahimman abubuwan tuƙi na tarihin Guatemala sun kasance iri ɗaya… gaskiyar ita ce cewa 'yan Guatemala ba sa buƙatar faɗakarwa don kashe juna.'
Krauss ya ci gaba da ba da labari game da kaji 'da aka yi hadaya… zuwa… alloli kafin Colombia' da kuma 'yan daba' na addini (dabarun Krauss hakika ga waɗanda ke neman kuɓutar da Amurka daga duk wani laifi a cikin halakar da mutane). Yayin da yake yarda da haɗin gwiwar CIA a cikin juyin mulkin 1954 wanda ya ga ƙarshen Jacobo Arbenz, Krauss ya yi sauri don tunatar da mu ' tarihin siyasar Guatemalan na zamani ya fara ba tare da juyin mulkin 1954 ba.'
Yana da batu. A wani taron da aka yi a watan Fabrairun 1945 ne mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa na ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, Laurence Duggan, ya yi kira ga 'An Economic Charter of the Americas', yana korafin cewa 'yan Latin Amurka sun gamsu cewa wadanda suka fara cin gajiyar albarkatun kasa su kasance mutanen kasar. .' Daga wannan jigon da ba a yarda da shi ba, an shuka tsaba na juyin mulkin 1954, kuma sakamakon da Amurka ta ba da tallafi ya haɗa da barnar muhalli da ba za a iya jurewa ba da sama da fararen hula 200,000 da aka kashe ko kuma 'batattu'.
A cikin gagarumin nasara da aka samu, an zabe Jacobo Arbenz a matsayin shugaban kasar Guatemala cikin 'yanci da adalci a shekarar 1951. Da yake son kawo sauyi a kasarsa, sauye-sauyen da Arbenz ya yi da kuma halasta jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ya kasance abin takaici a da'irar kasuwancin Amurka. Gwamnatin Arbenz ta zama makasudin yakin hulda da jama'a na Amurka. Shekaru biyu bayan Arbenz ya zama shugaban kasa, mujallar Life ta ba da wani yanki a kan gyare-gyaren ƙasarsa na 'Red', yana mai da'awar cewa wata ƙasa 'lokacin tashin bama-bamai na sa'o'i biyu daga mashigar ruwa ta Panama' ta kasance a fili da himma da himma don ƙirƙirar ƙasar gurguzu. Yana da mahimmanci cewa USSR ba ta ma kula da dangantakar diflomasiyya da Guatemala ba; yakin cacar baki ya yi tasiri sosai. A duk lokacin da ake neman wannan ƙima mai kima, ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwan Amurka ta sami nasarar juyin mulkin dangantakar jama'a lokacin da Arbenz ya kwace wasu ƙasar da ba a yi amfani da shi ba wanda Kamfanin United Fruit Company ke sarrafawa. An yi hasashen tayin biyansa bai dace ba. "Idan suka ba da gwal ga kowace ayaba," Sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka John Foster Dulles ya fayyace, 'matsalar har yanzu ita ce kutsawar gurguzu.'
CIA ta sanya Nasarar Operation cikin aiki. Howard Zinn ya ce: "An kifar da gwamnatin da aka zaba bisa ka'ida ta hanyar mamaye sojojin hayar da CIA ta horar a sansanonin soji a Honduras da Nicaragua tare da goyon bayan jiragen yakin Amurka hudu da matukan jirgin Amurka suka yi." Nasarar Operation ta jawo cikin shekaru 40 na danniya, fiye da mutuwar 200,000, da abin da William Blum ya kira 'babu shakka ɗaya daga cikin surori mafi rashin mutuntaka na ƙarni na 20.' Ba za a taɓa rubuta waɗannan surori ba tare da izini daga Amurka da wakilanta ba, misali Isra'ila.
'Ana iya ganin Isra'ilawa a matsayin wakilan Amurka a Honduras da Guatemala,' in ji ɗan jaridar Isra'ila, Yoav Karni a Yediot Ahronot. Har ila yau, wakilin Ha'aretz, Gidon Samet, ya bayyana cewa, muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi hadin gwiwar manyan tsare-tsare tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila a shekarun 1980, ba a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ba ne, amma a yankin tsakiyar Amurka. Gamet ya rubuta a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1983, "Amurka na buƙatar Isra'ila a Afirka da Latin Amurka, a tsakanin wasu dalilai, saboda matsalolin gwamnati na samun izinin majalisa don shirye-shiryenta na taimako da kuma ta hanyar dabi'a, don ayyukan soja," Gamet ya rubuta a ranar XNUMX ga Nuwamba, XNUMX, ya kara da cewa Amurka tana da ' sun dade suna sha'awar amfani da Isra'ila a matsayin bututun soji da sauran taimako' ga Amurka ta tsakiya. A farkon wannan shekarar, Yosef Priel ya ruwaito a Davar cewa Latin Amurka 'ya zama babbar kasuwa don fitar da makamai Isra'ila.'
Su wane ne gwamnatocin da suke da niyyar kwace makaman da aka kera a kasa mai tsarki? Misali guda ɗaya shine, i, Guatemala. A cikin 1981, jim kadan bayan Isra'ila ta amince ta ba da taimakon soji ga wannan mulkin zalunci, wani jami'in Guatemala ya sami labarin da aka buga a cikin nazarin Kwalejin Ma'aikata na sojoji. A cikin wannan labarin, jami'in ya yaba wa Adolf Hitler, National Socialism, da Ƙarshen Magani - yana magana da yawa daga 'Mein Kampf' da kuma yin la'akari da Hitler ta anti-Semitism zuwa 'gano' cewa kwaminisanci wani bangare ne na 'makircin Yahudawa.' Duk da irin wannan akida da ake ganin ba ta dace ba, kiyasin taimakon soja da Isra'ila ta yi wa Guatemala a shekarar 1982 ya kai dala miliyan 90.
Wadanne irin manufofi ne gwamnatin Guatemalan ta bi tare da taimakon da suka samu daga al'ummar da ke da dubban wadanda suka tsira daga Holocaust? Wannan tambayar ta dawo da mu ga littafin Harbury…littafin da ke cike da 'babi na rashin mutuntaka' da Blum ya ambata. Ɗaya daga cikin memba na juriyar Guatemalan Harbury da aka yi hira da ita ita ce Lorena kuma labarinta ya ba da misali mai kyau na abin da ke faruwa a wata ƙasa ta Amurka (tare da taimakon Isra'ila).
Masoyan Lorena, wani dan wasa mai suna Daniel, yana tare da wani karamin sashe don shiga sojojin Guatemala lokacin da gobarar abokan gaba ta same shi. Lorena ta gaya wa abin da ya faru na gaba: ‘Sauran compañeros ya ruga zuwa inda Daniyel ya faɗi, ya same shi yana mutuwa a wurin, shiru amma mai hankali. Ya ki bari su gwada su ɗaure shi, ya ce su fara je su nemo sauran waɗanda ke da damar tsira. Ya ba da kayan da ke cikin kayansa, da abinci, da bargo, da ƙaramin littafinsa. Ya rubuta takarda, girgiza amma ya ƙaddara, lokacin da suka bar shi. Rubutun nawa ne, amma ban taba karba ba.'
Sa’ad da Lorena ta sami labarin raunin Daniel, ita da wani abokinsa mai suna Roberto sun gudu suka same shi. Lorena ta ce: 'Ni da Roberto mun isa, ba numfashi, a wurin da ya bar Daniel,' in ji Lorena, 'amma da farko ba mu ga komai ba.' Lokacin da Roberto ya yi ƙoƙarin kare ta daga kallon ta musamman, Lorena ta rabu don ta gani. 'Daniel ba ya nan,' in ji ta. 'Jikinsa ya bace, da kayansa, da takalmansa, da littafinsa, da bayanin kula a gareni. Can a kasa ya kwanta kawai kwakwalwarsa, mai jini da jini.' Lorena ta kammala: 'Sojoji sun fara gano Daniyel.'
(A gefe: Shin akwai wanda zai iya tunanin Amirkawa suna yin shiri a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai wuyar gaske? Muna jefa ƙuri'a idan wani ya kawo abubuwa 11 zuwa babban kanti.)
Kamar yadda wani mayaƙin gwagwarmaya a cikin 'Bridge of Courage' ya bayyana: 'Kada ku yi mini magana game da Gandhi; da ba zai rayu mako guda a nan ba.'
Ana iya tattara irin waɗannan labaran daga ƙasashe a duk faɗin yankin, amma a fili ba su da wani tasiri kan manufofin ketare na Amurka ko Isra'ila. Misali, lokacin da Isra'ila ta fuskanci takunkumin hana shigo da makamai daga kasashen duniya bayan yakin 1967, an aiwatar da wani shiri na karkatar da makaman Belgium da Switzerland zuwa kasa mai tsarki. An yi zaton an nufa waɗannan makaman zuwa Bolivia inda wani kamfani mai kula da Klaus Barbie zai yi jigilar su. Kamar yadda a cikin 'The Butcher of Lyon'.
Duk wani ra'ayi na ɗabi'a na irin wannan tsari an yi watsi da shi tare da wani uzuri na 'tsaron ƙasa' wanda ya kamata ya zama sananne ga kowane Ba'amurke. Michael Schur, darektan Ta'as, masana'antar soji ta Isra'ila a Ha'aretz, in ji Michael Schur, ya ce: 'Karfafa jin daɗin jama'armu da jihar ya fi sauran batutuwa. 'Idan jihar ta yanke shawarar amincewa da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, lamirina a bayyane yake.'
Wani Bayahude daya da ake tsammanin zai ga laifin irin wannan manufar shine Elie Wiesel. Wani labari daga tsakiyar 1985, wanda Yoav Karni ya rubuta a cikin Ha'aretz, yakamata ya dakatar da duk wani kyakkyawan fata na ma'abocin ɗabi'a. Lokacin da Wiesel ya sami wasiƙa daga wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel wanda ke nuna irin gudummawar da Isra'ila ta bayar ga kisan-kiyashi a Guatemala, wanda ke nuna cewa ya yi amfani da babban tasirinsa wajen dakatar da al'adar Isra'ila na ba da makamai ga 'yan Nazi, Wiesel ya 'numfashi' kuma ya yarda da Karni cewa ya yi. ba amsa wa waccan wasiƙar ba. Ya ce, 'Nakan amsa gaba ɗaya, amma me zan iya amsa masa?'
An bar mutum kawai don mamakin yadda za a iya karɓar nishin shiru na Wiesel idan ya kasance a mayar da martani ga wasiƙar ba game da haɗin gwiwar Yahudawa ba a kisan gillar Guatemalans amma a maimakon haka game da aikin Auschwitz a cikin 40s.
A shekara ta 1951, shugaban kasar Guatemala Juan José Arévalo (wanda wa'adinsa ya ba wa kasar jinkiri na shekaru goma daga mulkin soja a lokacin da ya tunzura Amurka ta hanyar kwatanta gwamnatinsa ta hanyoyi da yawa bayan Roosevelt New Deal) ya sauka don maye gurbinsa. magajin rashin lafiya da ruhin dangi, Arbenz da aka ambata. Wannan ga abin da Arévalo ya ce game da sakamakon yakin da aka sani da 'mai kyau': 'An karye makamai na Reich na Uku kuma sun ci nasara…
Kar a manta: Wannan shine abin da muke adawa da shi.
Ana iya samun Mickey Z. akan Yanar Gizo a http://www.mickeyz.net.
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