Jirgin dai ya shafe kusan sa'o'i biyar a cikin iska kafin ma'aikatansa su fahimci cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne. Yanayin zafin mai a cikin turbocharger na jirgin, sun lura, ya tashi cikin kewayon "tsanaki". Bayan awa daya, abin ya fi muni, kuma ya ci gaba da tashi yayin da mintuna ke ci gaba. Yayin da ma'aikatan jirgin suka ci gaba da gudu ta cikin jerin abubuwan da aka ba su na "injin overheat" suna ƙoƙarin gano matsalar, yanayin man injin ɗin ma, ya fara hawan sama.
Ya zuwa yanzu, sun sami cikakkar gaggawar gaggawar cikin jirgin a hannunsu. "Har yanzu muna da ikon sarrafa injin, amma gazawar injin na nan kusa," in ji matukin jirgin ta hanyar rediyo.
Kusan sa'o'i biyu bayan alamun farko na damuwa, injin ɗin ya gaza. Jirgin da ke tafiya da ƙafa 712 a cikin minti ɗaya, jirgin ya yanke shinge kafin ya fado.
Ƙasar Batattun Jiragen Sama
Sama kamar cike suke fadowa jirage marasa matuka kwanakin nan. Wadanda aka fi sani da su sun ba da labarin kanun labarai ne a lokacin da Iran ta sanar da cewa sojojinta sun mallaki wani jirgin leken asiri na Amurka na ci gaba da sarrafa shi, wanda ake zaton kirar RQ-170 Sentinel ne.
Tambayoyi kan yadda Iraniyawa suka mallaki daya daga cikin nagartattun kayan aikin sojan Amurka sun yi yawa. Iran na farko da'awa cewa dakarunta sun harbo jirgin maras matuki ne bayan ya “takaici” sararin samaniyar gabashin kasar kusa da kan iyakar Afghanistan. Bayan haka, Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ta dage kan cewa jirgin mara matuki ya kutsa cikin nisan mil 150 kafin daga bisani wani sabon hari ta hanyar yanar gizo ya fadi. Kuma kwanaki kadan da suka gabata, wani injiniya dan kasar Iran miƙa karin dalla-dalla, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da shi ba, bayanin yadda wani harin kutse ya sace jirgin.
A nata bangaren, Amurka da farko da'awa cewa sojojinta sun yi hasarar jirgin mara matuki a lokacin da suke wani aiki a yammacin Afghanistan. Daga baya, jami'ai da ba a bayyana sunayensu ba sun yarda cewa, a zahiri, CIA tana gudanar da aikin leken asiri a kan Iran.
Hadarin maras matuki wanda ya jagoranci wannan yanki ya faru ne a Afghanistan - Kandahar, daidai - a watan Mayu na wannan shekara. Ba a ba da rahoto ba a lokacin kuma ba ya haɗa da sleek, RQ-170 Sentinel, amma tsofaffi, clunkier, idan ya fi shahara, MQ-1 Predator, mafarauci mai farauta / kisa na yakin Afghanistan da kuma kisan gillar da CIA ta yi. yaƙin neman zaɓe a yankunan iyakar Pakistan.
Takardun da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da binciken da sojojin saman Amurka suka yi na wannan hatsarin na Predator, wanda TomDispatch ya bincika, ya ba da haske kan tsarin rayuwa da lahani na jirage marasa matuki - kawai abin da zai iya faruwa ba daidai ba a cikin ayyukan jiragen sama marasa matuki - da kuma tsarin inuwa na sansanonin da raka'a da suka warwatse ko'ina cikin Duniyar da ke kiyaye wadancan jirage marasa matuka a sararin samaniya yayin da Amurka ke kara dogaro da yakin da ake sarrafa shi daga nesa.
Wannan rahoto da sabbin kididdigar da aka samu daga sojoji suna ba da haske game da kurakuran da ba a tantance ba a fasahar drone. Har ila yau, abin tunatarwa ne game da gazawar 'yan jarida don wuce gona da iri idan aka zo batun yaƙin fasahar zamani da sabbin makamai masu ban al'ajabi na Amurka - rashin iyawarsu na iya bincika ƙaƙƙarfan gazawar mutum da na'ura waɗanda za su iya aika har ma da fasahar soja ta ci gaba. zuwa Duniya.
Wasan Lambobi
Bisa kididdigar da rundunar sojin sama ta bayar wa TomDispatch, Predators sun kai kaso mafi tsoka na sa'o'i a yakin basasa na Amurka. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Oktoba, MQ-1's sun shafe sama da sa'o'i miliyan 1 a cikin iska, 965,000 na wadanda ke cikin "yaki," tun lokacin da aka shigar da su cikin aikin soja. Sabuwar, MQ-9 Reaper mai dauke da makamai, idan aka kwatanta, ta yi jigilar sa'o'i 215,000, 180,000 daga cikinsu a cikin yaƙi. (Rundunar Sojan Sama ta ƙi sakin bayanai game da aikin RQ-170 Sentinel.) Kuma waɗannan lambobin suna ci gaba da tashi. A wannan shekarar kadai, Predators sun yi sa'o'in jirgin sama 228,000 idan aka kwatanta da 190,000 a cikin 2010.
Wani bincike na jami'an rundunar sojin sama da TomDispatch ya gudanar ya nuna cewa jiragensa mara matuki sun yi hatsari a yanayi mai ban mamaki ba kasa da sau 13 a shekarar 2011 ba, gami da hatsarin ranar 5 ga Mayu a Kandahar.
Kimanin rabin waɗancan ɓangarori, waɗanda suka haifar da asarar jirgin sama ko asarar dukiya ta dala miliyan biyu ko fiye, sun faru ne a Afghanistan ko kuma a cikin ƙaramar ƙasar Djibouti ta Afirka, wadda ke aiki a matsayin tushe don jirage marasa matuka da hannu a yakin sirrin Amurka a Somalia da Yemen. Dukkanin abubuwan da suka faru sai biyu sun shafi samfurin MQ-1, kuma hudu daga cikinsu sun faru a watan Mayu.
A cikin 2010, akwai manyan ɓarna marasa matuƙa guda bakwai, duk sai ɗaya ya haɗa da Predators; a cikin 2009, akwai 11. A takaice dai, an yi asarar 31 maras matuki a cikin shekaru uku, babu wanda aka harbe a fili, duk suna nutsewa cikin duniyar nasu na injiniya ko godiya ga kuskuren ɗan adam.
Sauran faɗuwar jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, kamar wanda ake sarrafa shi daga nesa Jirgin ruwa na ruwa wanda ya fado a Libya a cikin watan Yuni da kuma wani jirgin sama mara matuki wanda kamara An bayar da rahoton cewa, 'yan ta'addar Afganistan sun dauke shi ne bayan wani hatsarin da ya faru a watan Agusta, da kuma asarar RQ-4 na Iran a ranar 180 ga Disamba, da kuma wani hatsarin baya-bayan nan. MQ-9 a cikin Seychelles, ba a saka su cikin manyan kididdigar hadurran da sojojin saman suka yi na shekara ba.
Ƙoƙarin Ƙungiya
A halin yanzu Amurka tana gudanar da yakin ta mara matuki daga 60 ko fiye da tushe warwatse a fadin duniya. Sun fito ne daga shafuka a kudu maso yammacin Amurka tare da layin tirela inda matukan jirgi mara matuki suka "tashi" irin wannan jirgin ta hanyar kwamfuta zuwa wadanda ke kusa da fagen fama inda sauran matukan jirgi - zaune a gaban irin wannan saiti, ciki har da na'urorin kwamfuta masu yawa, maɓalli, joystick, maƙura, ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, linzamin kwamfuta, da maɓalli iri-iri - ƙaddamar da ƙasa da jiragen. A wasu sansanonin kuma, ana horar da matukan jirgi mara matuki a kan simulators kuma ana gwada jiragen da kansu kafin a tura su fagen fama.
Hadarin Predator na ranar 5 ga Mayu mai nisan mil mil daga titin jirgin sama a Filin Jirgin Sama na Kandahar ya kori gida yadda ayyukan jirage marasa matuka suka zama, tare da raka'a da yawa da sansanoni da yawa suna taka rawa a cikin manufa guda.
Wannan Predator drone, alal misali, wani kadara ne na 3rd Special Operations Squadron, wanda ke aiki daga Cannon Air Force Base a New Mexico, kuma a ƙarshe wani ɓangare ne na Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman na Sojan Sama, mai tushe a Filin Hulbert a Florida. Lokacin da ya fado, wani matukin jirgi na cikin kasar ne daga rundunar 62nd Expeditionary Squadron a filin jirgin saman Kandahar, wanda rukunin iyayensa, 18th Reconnaissance Squadron, ya yi gidansa a Creech Air Force Base a Nevada, kasa sifili ga jirgin saman soja. ayyuka. Ma'aikacin jirgin da ke aiki da na'urori masu auna firikwensin a kan jirgin, a gefe guda, memba ne na Tsaron Tsaron Sama na Texas wanda ke da filin Ellington a Texas.
Wani matukin jirgi wanda ya shafe watanni 10 yana aiki da Predators ne ke aiwatar da matakin karshe na aikin halakar - a cikin kwanaki 51 da suka gabata. Tare da kasa da jimlar sa'o'i 90 a ƙarƙashin bel ɗinsa, an ɗauke shi a matsayin "marasa ƙwarewa" ta matakan Sojan Sama kuma, yayin ƙaddamar da jirgin sama da horon dawo da shi, ya gaza zama na'urar kwaikwayo guda biyu da motsa jiki na tashi. Ya yi, duk da haka, ya yi fice a fannin ilimi, ya ci jarrabawar sa, kuma an dauke shi a matsayin ƙwararren matukin jirgi na MQ-400, wanda aka ba shi izinin tashi ba tare da kulawa ba.
Sojojin sama sun cancanci ma'aikacin firikwensin sa na tsawon shekaru biyu, tare da matsakaita ko sama da matsakaicin kima a kimanta aikin. Bayan ya “tashi” jimlar sa'o'i 677 - kusan 50 daga cikinsu a cikin kwanaki 90 kafin hadarin - an dauke shi "kwarewa."
Kasancewar duo din na sarrafa wani jirgi mara matuki na musamman yana nuna kara karfi da alakar da ke tsakanin Amurka guda biyu na yakin basasa kwanan nan: hare-hare ta kananan gungun rundunonin sojoji da hare-hare ta hanyarmutum-mutumi masu sarrafa nesa.
Rayuwa da Mutuwar Jiragen Ruwan Amurka
A yayin binciken da aka yi bayan afkuwar hatsarin, an gano cewa ma'aikatan jirgin a Afghanistan na yin amfani da hanyar da ba ta da izini ba na zubar da na'urar sanyaya injin, ko da yake ba a san ko hakan ya taimaka wajen hadarin ba. Takardun bincike sun kara nuna cewa injin jirgin yana da awanni 851 na tashi sama kuma haka ya kusa kawo karshen layin. (An ba da rahoton cewa tsawon rayuwar injin Predator drone yana kusa da sa'o'i 1,080.)
Bayan faduwar jirgin, an aika da injin din zuwa wani wurin gwaje-gwaje na California, inda kwararrun masu fasaha na General Atomics, wanda ya kera Predator, suka gudanar da bincike. Mahimmancin zafi yana da, an gano shi, ya lalace kuma ya lalata injinan.
Daga karshe dai rundunar sojin sama ta yanke hukuncin cewa matsalar na’urar sanyaya na’urar ta haifar da gazawar injin. Wani mai binciken hatsarin ya kuma tabbatar da cewa matukin jirgin bai aiwatar da matakan da suka dace ba bayan da injin ya ci karo da shi, lamarin da ya sa jirgin ya yi hatsari a kusa da titin jirgin, inda ya dan lalata shingen da ke kewayen filin jirgin na Kandahar tare da lalata jirgin.
Ƙarshen ƙarshe da masu binciken haɗari suka cimma a cikin wannan hatsarin ya bambanta da baƙin ciki na abin da ya faru da jirgin mara matuƙi da ke hannun Iran. Ko karshen ya fado saboda rashin aiki, an harbe shi, wani hari ta hanyar yanar gizo ya fadi, ko kuma ya kare a kasa saboda wani dalili gaba daya, asararsa da na ops maras matuki na musamman tunatarwa ne kan irin dogaro da sojojin Amurka. ya zama a cikin manyan jirage na zamani na mutum-mutumi waɗanda manyan hadurransu a yanzu sun zarce na jirage masu kafafi da yawa masu tsada. (Akwai manyan ɓarna 10 da suka haɗa da irin wannan jirgin sama na Sojojin Sama a cikin 2011.)
Yakin Robot: 2012 da Bayan
Rashin samun nasara a Iraki da Afganistan, hade da nasarar da ake gani a yakin Libya - muhimmanci yaki da karfin iska ciki har da jirage marasa matuka - ya shawo kan yawancin sojojin da kada su yi watsi da yakin kasashen waje, amma su canza salon su. Sana'o'in dogon lokaci da suka hada da dubun-dubatar sojoji da kuma amfani da dabarun yaki da 'yan tada kayar baya za a yi ciniki ne da su domin ayyukan dakaru na musamman da marasa matuka.
An yi amfani da jirage masu tuƙi daga nesa akai-akai, a cikin latsa da sojoji, Kamar yadda abin mamaki makamai, hanyar, ba da dadewa ba, ana haɓaka dabarun yaƙi da tawaye a matsayin elixir don gazawar soja. Kamar jirgin sama, tanki, da makaman nukiliya da ke gabansa, an yi la'akari da jirgin mara matuki a matsayin mai canza wasa, wanda aka ƙaddara don canza ainihin ainihin yaƙin.
Madadin haka, kamar sauran, an ƙara tabbatar da cewa ba mai canza makami bane tare da lahani na yau da kullun. Fasahar sa ba ta da tushe kuma ƙoƙarinta sau da yawa ba ya da fa'ida a cikin waɗannan shekaru na ƙarshe. Misali, gazawar matukan jirgi da ke kallon na’urorin kwamfuta a daya bangaren duniyar zuwa nuna wariya tsakanin mayakan da ke dauke da makamai da farar hula marasa laifi ya tabbatar da ci gaba da samun matsala ga ayyukan jiragen sama na soja, yayin da CIA ta shirin kashe alƙali-juri- kisa is yadu dauke da gudu da gudu of dokar kasa da kasa - kuma, a cikin yanayin Pakistan, zama m dukan jama'a. Jirgin mara matuki yana ƙara zama ƙasa da ƙasa da makamin nasara fiye da injin haifar da adawa da abokan gaba.
Bugu da kari, yayin da sa'o'in jirgin ke karuwa kowace shekara, raunin ayyukan da ake tuki daga nesa na kara fitowa a kai a kai. Wadannan sun hada da 'yan tawayen Iraki shiga ba tare da izini ba ciyarwar bidiyon drone, a Kwamfuta mai cutarwa cutar da rundunar sojojin sama marasa matuki, kaso mai yawa na matukan jirgi mara matuki fama daga "high aiki danniya," karuwa yawan hadarurruka, da kuma yiyuwar yin awon gaba da jiragen Iran din.
Duk da yake kurakuran ɗan adam da injiniyoyi suna da alaƙa a cikin aikin kowane nau'in injina, kaɗan masu sharhi sun mai da hankali sosai kan cikakken ɓarna da gazawar drone. Fiye da shekaru goma, jirage da aka tuƙi daga nesa sun kasance ginshiƙan ayyukan sojan Amurka kuma lokacin ayyukan jiragen sama na ci gaba da hauhawa kowace shekara, amma kaɗan kaɗan ne aka rubuta game da lahani marasa matuƙa ko iyaka da haɗarin ayyukan jirage marasa matuki.
Watakila Rundunar Sojan Sama ta fara damuwa game da yaushe wannan zai canza. Bayan shekaru da yawa na kai wa manema labarai akai-akai ta hanyar ayyukan jiragen sama a Creech Air Force Base da samun ambaliya mai haske, har ma. mamaki, tallatawa game da daukakar jiragen sama da jiragen sama marasa matuka, a wannan shekara, ba tare da bayani ba, shi rufe latsa shiga zuwa shirin, yana motsa yaƙin mutum-mutumi mai zurfi zuwa cikin inuwa.
Asara na baya-bayan nan na Robot Sentinel na Pentagon a Iran, Reaper a Seychelles, da Predator a Kandahar, duk da haka, yana ba da wata tagar nan gaba wanda sararin duniya zai cika da jirage marasa matuki wanda zai iya zama abin ban mamaki fiye da Amurkawa. an kai ga yi imani. Amurka za ta iya zama ta dogara da tarin robobi masu fuka-fuki na yumbu.
Nick Turse shine abokin editan TomDispatch.com. Wani dan jarida mai lambar yabo, aikinsa ya bayyana a cikin Los Angeles Times, al'ummar kasar, da kumaa kai a kai at TomDispatch. Wannan labarin shine na hudu a cikin nasa sabon jerin akan canjin daular Amurka, wanda ake rubutawa Lannan Foundation. Kuna iya bin sa akan Twitter @NickTurse, A kan tumblr, Da kuma a kan Facebook.
Wannan labarin ya fara bayyana akan TomDispatch.com, gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar ta Nation, wanda ke ba da ci gaba ta hanyar hanyoyin daban-daban, labarai, da ra'ayi daga Tom Engelhardt, editan dogon lokaci a cikin wallafe-wallafe, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Daular Amurka, marubucin Ƙarshen Al'adun Nasara, kamar na labari, Kwanakin Ƙarshe na Bugawa. Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shine Hanyar Yakin Amurka: Yadda Yakin Bush Ya Zama na Obama (Littattafan Haymarket).
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