Oktoba 2009
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Wannan na iya zama wani juyi ga faɗaɗa yaƙe-yaƙe na Amurka a Afghanistan da Pakistan, lokacin da yin magana a fili kuma ba tare da wata shakka game da yaƙi na iya haifar da muhimmiyar bambanci ba. A yau muna ganin alamun gabaɗaya suna tunawa da zurfafa mataki-mataki na sadaukarwar Amurka ga yaƙin Vietnam a cikin 1960's. A cikin martani, mun ayyana kanmu da tsayin daka kan karuwar soji a yankin da kuma janyewar dukkan sojojin Amurka da na NATO daga Afghanistan da Pakistan a yanzu. Muna kuma kira da a kawo karshen hare-haren jiragen sama a kasashen biyu.
A halin yanzu akwai sojojin Amurka/NATO 108,000 a Afghanistan. Shugaba Obama ya ba da izinin kara yawan sojojin Amurka da 21,000, wanda hakan na nufin sama da sojojin Amurka 68,000 a karshen shekara ta 2009. Bisa la'akari da rashin farin jinin yakin, Obama na iya yin watsi da karuwar sojojin. An bayar da rahoton, wasu daga cikin Hukumomin har ma sun ba da shawarar rage sojojin Amurka da kuma mai da hankali sosai kan hare-haren da ake kaiwa Al Qaeda a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Amma ko da kasancewar sojojin da ba su da tushe ya zama haramtacciyar mamaya, wacce ke yin barna a rayuwar fararen hula da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, kuma kawai za ta iya ƙarfafa Taliban da cibiyoyin ta'addanci irin su Al Qaeda.
Amurkawa sun kara ruguza yakin. A cewar wani binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a na CNN a watan Agusta, kashi 57 na adawa da yakin Afganistan, wanda ya karu da kashi 9 cikin XNUMX tun daga watan Mayu, kuma ana samun rashin kwanciyar hankali a Majalisar. Kallon zagon kasa na zaben shugaban kasa na Afganistan na magudi ya kara zubar da mutuncin cikin gida da na kasashen duniya da gwamnatin Karzai mai cin hanci da rashawa ta rike.
A kasashen Afghanistan da Pakistan, ayyukan Amurka da kawayenta na kara karfafa dakarun ‘yan tsattsauran ra’ayi. Tsoron rashin jin dadin sojojin na NATO, Amurka ta dogara kacokan akan ikon iska, wanda ba makawa ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula marasa laifi. Nisa daga kawar da cibiyoyin 'yan ta'adda, wadannan hare-hare ta iska suna kara zurfafa kiyayya ga kokarin yakin Amurka/NATO, da tura yawan 'yan Afghanistan da Pakistan zuwa ga Taliban. Tuni dai kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar Afganistan na tunanin cewa harin da aka kaiwa dakarun Amurka/NATO ya dace.
A Pakistan, yanzu ana yaƙin tare da sa hannun rigar Amurka Predator da sauran jirage marasa matuƙa. Saboda yawan kashe fararen hula da jirage masu saukar ungulu, a kan bacin ran da goyon bayan da Washington ke yi na dogon lokaci ga mai mulkin kama karya, Musharraf, ra'ayin jama'ar Pakistan yanzu ya sanya Amurka a matsayin barazana ta farko - gaba da Indiya, maƙiyin Pakistan na dogon lokaci.
Ayyukan Amurka a Afghanistan da Pakistan suna faruwa ne a cikin tsarin tsarin soja na duniya da ya fi girma da nisa fiye da yadda yawancin Amurkawa suka fahimta. A hukumance, sama da dakaru 190,000 da ma'aikatan farar hula 115,000 suna jibge a kusan cibiyoyin soji 900 a kasashe da yankuna 46 - kuma ainihin adadin ya fi girma. Kashe sama da dala biliyan 600 da sojojin Amurka ke kashewa a shekara, kamar yadda sakataren tsaron kasar Robert Gates ya fada, ya kara da cewa abin da sauran kasashen duniya ke kashewa wajen tsaro.
Mamaya da mamayar Afganistan wani bangare ne na kokarin tabbatar da karfin dabarun Amurka da sahihanci, a yankin tsakiyar Asiya da kudancin Asiya da ma duniya baki daya - ikon sarrafa samar da makamashi, don jin tsoron abokan hamayya, shiga tsakani a duk inda Washington ta ga ya cancanta, da kuma don shiga wasu ƙasashe a cikin hasashen wutar lantarki na Amurka. Tun daga shekara ta 2001, Amurka ta kafa sabbin sansanoni 19 a Afganistan da makwaftan kasashe, inda ta sanya sojojinta a yankin da Rasha da China su ma ke neman yin tasiri.
Afganistan ta kasance kasa mai rugujewa tun kafin shekara ta 2001, saboda barnar da sojojin Soviet suka yi da kuma yakin basasar da ya biyo baya. Tun daga wannan lokacin al'ummar Afganistan suka sake jurewa shekaru takwas na yaki da wahala. Yawancin 'yan Afganistan sun ji daɗin 'yanci lokacin da aka kori Taliban daga mulki, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana a fili cewa an maye gurbin wani rukuni na azzalumai da wani: ta hanyar shugabannin yaƙi da masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi na tsohuwar Ƙungiyar Arewa da Amurka / NATO mamaya.
Rikicin Taliban ya kasance muni da wuce gona da iri, amma halin da mata ke ciki ya kasance mai ban tsoro. Ko da yake yawancin 'yan matan Afganistan sun je makarantar firamare bayan shekara ta 2001 kuma wasu tsirarun mata ne suka samu zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki, mafi yawan matan har yanzu suna tsare a gidajensu, ba su iya yin aiki, suna fargabar zuwa makaranta da tilasta musu shiga. aure, sau da yawa a matsayin yara. Mata da yawa da suka fi son kada su sanya burqashinsu suna tsoron a gan su ba tare da su ba.
A cewar shugabar kungiyar mata ta Afganistan Malalai Joya, "Wadanda aka zalunta da fyade ba sa samun adalci saboda bangaren shari'a na karkashin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ne. Yawan mata da suke ganin ba su da hanyar fita daga cikin wahalhalun da rayuwarsu ke ciki, sun kashe kansu ta hanyar kona kansu. ." Shugaba Karzai ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka ta wulakanci a farkon wannan shekarar, wacce ta shafi matan Shi'a, da ta bai wa miji 'yancin cire masa kayan masarufi, ciki har da abinci, idan ta ki biyan bukatarsa ta jima'i. Yana ba da kulawar yara ga ubansu da kakanninsu, tana buƙatar mata su sami izini daga mazajensu don yin aiki, da kuma ba da damar mai yin fyade yadda ya kamata ya guje wa tuhuma ta hanyar biyan "kuɗin jini" ga wanda aka azabtar.
Yawancin 'yan Afganistan ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da kula da lafiya. Kasar ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi talauci a duniya. Amurka ba ta yi kusan kome ba don rage wannan mummunan talauci; a maimakon haka, ya kara wa al'ummar Afganistan wahalhalu, da mata da kuma maza, da ake ci gaba da fuskantar barazanar hare-haren soji. Taliban ta sami ƙarfi a matsayin mayar da martani ga ƙarancin isassun tallafin ƙasashen waje, da kuma zaluncin yaƙin Amurka/NATO.
Sojojin Pakistan da na leken asirin sun dade suna wasa biyu, inda suke karbar taimakon soji daga Washington yayin da suke fada da kuma marawa Taliban baya. Yayin da akasarin ‘yan kasar Pakistan ke adawa da kungiyar Taliban a yau, yanayin da ake ciki ya ba ta damar kara karfi. Yawancin talakawan ƙasar suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi na kusa-kusa da juna. A cikin Swat Valley 'yan Taliban sun iya yin amfani da korafe-korafen masu haya na karkara don dalilai na mayar da martani. Rashin shiri da rashin iya magance yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin da ke haifar da goyon baya ko aƙalla yarda da Taliban a tsakanin yawancin jama'a, sojoji da manyan jami'an Pakistan na iya da kyau. yin ƙarin rangwame ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Idan mutanen Afganistan da Pakistan suna da wata dama ta kayar da tsattsauran ra'ayi, yaki da rashin gaskiya da samun dimokiradiyya ta gaskiya, Amurka za ta iya taimakawa musamman ta hanyar kashe "yakin da ta'addanci" na rashin mutuntaka da rashin nasara, da kowane suna, da maye gurbinsa da shi. manufa daban-daban na babban taimakon kasashen waje da kuma kawo karshen tallafawa masu fada aji da gwamnatoci wadanda ke haifar da rashin daidaito. Dakarun Demokradiyya na iya zama masu rauni, amma ba za su taba yin karfi ba yayin da Amurka ta mamaye Afganistan, tana aika makamai masu linzami zuwa Pakistan da kuma karfafa gurbatattun gwamnatoci a kasashen biyu.
Janyewar bai kamata ya nuna cewa Amurka ta yi watsi da duk wani yunƙuri na taimakon al'ummar Afganistan da jihohi makwabta ba. Kamata ya yi Washington ta ba da goyon bayan siyasa ga shawarwarin yanki da kuma warware takaddamar da ke tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, wadanda ke ci gaba da haddasa tashin hankali a Afghanistan. Fiye da duka, ya kamata Amurka ta ba da babban agajin jin kai ga al'ummar Afganistan masu fama da matsanancin talauci - wanda, hukumomin agaji sun lura, yana hana su shiga tsakani da ayyukan soja.
Afghanistan da mugun wargajewa tare da kabilanci. Idan har akwai wani ci gaba na warware wannan rarrabuwar kawuna to tabbas ya ta'allaka ne a tattaunawar yanki tsakanin makwabtan Afganistan. Ba za mu iya hango ko wane nau'i ne wannan mafita za ta iya ɗauka ba, amma mun sani ba dole ba ne ya haɗa da duk wani furuci na siyasa na Washington ko ci gaba da sojojin Amurka ko ayyukan soji a Afghanistan ko Pakistan.
Kawo karshen tsoma bakin sojan Amurka a Afganistan da Pakistan a yanzu ba daidai ba ne a kansa; Har ila yau, ya zama wajibi a matsayin hanyar da za a fara tinkarar daci da kiyayya a kasashen musulmi da ke haifar da barazanar ta'addanci ga tsaron kanmu, barazanar da ke tasowa daga hanyoyin sadarwa wadanda ba su takaita da wani wuri na musamman ba. Baya ga kawo karshen tsoma bakin soja a Afganistan da Pakistan, kamata ya yi Amurka ta janye sojojinta daga Iraki, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Tekun Fasha. Dole ne ta kawo karshen duk wani goyon baya ga mulkin mallaka na Larabawa da kuma 'yan sanda da kuma ba da goyon baya na gaske ga kasar Falasdinu. Ana matukar buƙatar manufofin harkokin wajen Amurka na dimokraɗiyya don magance baƙin ciki da rashin adalci a Afghanistan, Pakistan da sauran ƙasashe da yawa, amma za mu iya fara yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar karkatar da ɗimbin dukiyar ƙasarmu daga aikin soja da kuma yunƙurin "cikakkun ikon mallaka" na duniya. Mu, wadanda ba a sanya hannu ba, mun sadaukar da kai don yin aiki don wannan sabuwar manufofin ketare.
NOTE: Nassoshi masu zuwa bayanai ne, kuma ba wani yanki na zahiri na bayanin da ke sama ba. Don neman goyon bayan Afganistan don kai hari kan sojojin Amurka, duba ABC News/BBC/ARD Poll, Afganistan: Inda Abubuwa Ke Tsaye, Fabrairu 9, 2009, tambaya ta 25. Wannan kuri'ar ta kuma nuna adawa da sojojin Amurka da kuma tsananin adawa da hare-haren jiragen sama na Amurka. Don kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a da ke nuna cewa 'yan Pakistan na kallon Amurka a matsayin barazana ta daya, duba Binciken Al Jazeera/Galup na Pakistan, Agusta 13, 2009. Shugabar kungiyar mata ta Afghanistan Malalai Joya ta bayyana yanayin da mata ke ciki Znet, Mayu 16, 2009, kuma a cikin littafinta Tada Muryara. Don cikakkun bayanai kan sabuwar dokar da ta tauye hakkin matan Shi'a, duba Human Rights Watch, "Afganistan: Dokar Tauye 'Yancin Mata Ta Yi Tasiri. Shugaba Karzai Ya Maida Mata 'Yan Shi'a A Matsayi Na Biyu Domin Ribar Zabe"Agusta 13, 2009. Don bayanin yadda 'yan Taliban ke cin gajiyar manyan korafe-korafe a cikin Swat Valley, duba Jane Perlez da Pir Zubair Shah, "'Yan Taliban sun kai hari a Pakistan," The New York Times, Afrilu 17, 2009. Dangane da gargadin da hukumar bayar da agaji ta yi game da hada kai da ayyukan soji da ayyukan jin kai, duba Kevin Baron, "Haɗa fada da abinci a Afghanistan," Taurari da Tauraro, (Bugu na Gabas ta Tsakiya) 15, 2009.
Don sanya hannu kan sanarwar, da fatan za a je nan.
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