Bayan mummunan zubar da jini a fagen fama, zazzabi ya fara mutuwa. Mutane sun kalli yaƙi a fuska da sanyi, idanu masu wuya fiye da waɗanda suke a farkon watanni na sha'awar, kuma tunanin haɗin kai ya fara raguwa, tun da ba wanda zai iya ganin wata alama ta babban "tsabtawar ɗabi'a" da masana falsafa da marubuta suka yi shelar da girma. .

– Stefan Zweig, Duniyar Jiya

Stefan Zweig, mafi yawan ɗan adam na marubutan Turai na yaƙi, ya fuskanci yakin duniya na farko a matsayin ɗan Austro-Hungary mai aminci. Wato bai adawa da makiya a hukumance wato Birtaniya da Faransa ba, amma yaki da kansa. Yaki yana lalata kasarsa. Haɗuwa da abokan aikin fasaha a bangarorin biyu na ramuka, ya ƙi kashe ɗan'uwansa.

A shekara ta 1917, manyan ’yan Katolika biyu na Ostiriya, Heinrich Lammasch da Ignaz Seipel, sun gaya wa Zweig shirinsu na karkatar da Sarki Karl zuwa wani zaman lafiya na dabam da Birtaniya da Faransa. "Babu wanda zai iya zarge mu da rashin aminci," in ji Lammasch ga Zweig. "Mun sha wahala fiye da matattu miliyan. Mun yi kuma mun sadaukar da isa!" Karl ya aika da Yariman Parma, surukinsa, zuwa Georges Clemenceau a Paris.

Lokacin da Jamusawa suka sami labarin yunƙurin cin amanar abokansu, Karl ya ƙi yarda. "Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna," Zweig ya rubuta, "ita ce dama ta karshe da za ta iya ceton daular Austro-Hungary, da sarauta, da kuma ta haka Turai a wancan lokacin." Zweig, da ke Switzerland don yin gwajin wasansa na yaƙi da yaƙi da Irmiya, kuma abokinsa ɗan Faransa, wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel Romain Rolland, ya bukaci ’yan uwansa marubuta da su mai da alƙalansu daga makaman farfaganda zuwa kayan aikin sulhu.

Da a ce Manyan Maɗaukaki sun yi biyayya ga Zweig a Ostiriya-Hungary, Rolland a Faransa da Bertrand Russell a Biritaniya, da wataƙila yaƙin ya ƙare da kyau kafin Nuwamba 1918 kuma ya ceci aƙalla matasa miliyan ɗaya.

Masu wanzar da zaman lafiya a Siriya suna gano abin da Zweig ya yi kusan ɗari ɗari da suka wuce: bugle da ganguna sun nutsar da kira zuwa ga hankali. Wani rahoto da aka buga a shafin intanet na Open Democracy a kwanakin baya ya bayar da rahoton cewa, masu zanga-zangar a yankin Bostan al-Qasr da ke karkashin ikon 'yan tawaye a birnin Aleppo sun yi ta rera cewa, "Dukkan sojojin barayi ne: gwamnati, Free [Sojan Siriya] da masu kishin Islama."

Mayakan sa kai na Jubhat Al Nusra da ke dauke da makamai, bangaren masu kishin Islama da Saudiyya ke marawa baya, da Amurka ke ganin ta'addanci ne, sun tarwatsa su da wuta mai tsanani. A dukkan bangarorin biyu, wadanda ke neman a yi sulhu a kan zubar da jini sun kasance saniyar ware kuma sun fi muni.

Gwamnatin ta kama Orwa Nyarabia, wani mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai fafutuka, saboda zanga-zangar lumana. A lokacin da aka sake shi, ya gudu zuwa Alkahira don ci gaba da kiran sauyi na rashin tashin hankali. Dokta Zaidoun Al Zoabi, malami wanda makaminsa kawai kalmomi ne, a yanzu yana cikin rauni, tare da dan uwansa Sohaib, a wata cibiyar tsaro ta gwamnatin Siriya. (Idan kun yi mamakin abin da hakan ke nufi, ku tambayi CIA dalilin da yasa ta saba "ba da" wadanda ake zargi ga Siriya.)

Suriyawan da suka taso tare da danniya na gwamnati suna gano mummunan halin rashin tausayi na rayuwa a yankunan da aka 'yanta. Wakilin Guardian Ghaith Abdul Ahad ya halarci taron manyan kwamandoji 32 a Aleppo a makon jiya. Wani tsohon Kanar Kanal a yanzu da ke jagorantar Majalisar Sojin Aleppo ya shaida wa abokansa cewa: "Ko da jama'a sun koshi da mu, mu ne masu 'yanci, amma yanzu sun yi tir da mu suna zanga-zangar adawa da mu."

Lokacin da nake Aleppo a watan Oktoba, mutanen yankin Bani Zaid matalauta sun roki sojojin Free Syrian Army da su bar su lafiya. Tun daga wannan lokaci ne ake gwabza fada tsakanin kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye kan ganima. Abdul Ahad ya bayyana yadda ‘yan tawaye suka wawure wata makaranta:

"Mutanen sun yi jigilar wasu tebura, sofas da kujeru a wajen makarantar, suka tattara su a bakin titi, na'urori da na'urori masu aunawa sun biyo baya."

Wani mayaki ya yi rajistar ganima a cikin babban littafin rubutu. "Muna adana shi a cikin ma'ajin ajiya," in ji shi.

Daga baya a cikin mako, na ga sofas da kwamfutoci na makarantar suna zaune lafiya a sabon ɗakin kwamanda.

Wani mayaƙin kuma jagoran yaƙi mai suna Abu Ali wanda ke iko da wasu ƴan sansanoni na birnin Aleppo a matsayin babban hafsan sa ya ce: "Suna zargin mu da halaka, wata kila sun yi gaskiya, amma da tun farko mutanen Aleppo sun goyi bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, wannan ya sa suka yi wannan aiki. da ba zai faru ba."

'Yan tawayen, tare da hadin gwiwar masu goyon bayansu na waje a Riyadh, Doha, Ankara da Washington, sun yi watsi da muƙamuƙi domin yaƙin yaƙi. Shugaban sabuwar kungiyar hadin kan Syria da aka kafa, Moaz Al Khatib, ya yi watsi da kiran na baya bayan nan da manzon Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Lakhdar Brahimi da na Rasha Sergei Lavrov suka yi na halartar tattaunawa da gwamnatin Syria. Mista Al Khatib ya dage kan cewa Bashar Al Assad ya sauka a matsayin wani sharadi na tattaunawa, amma tabbas makomar Mr Al Assad na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da za a tattauna.

'Yan tawayen, wadanda Mr Al Khatib ba shi da iko a kansu, ba su iya yin galaba a kan Mr Al Assad ba a kusan shekaru biyu suna gwabzawa. Rikici a fagen fama yana jayayya don yin shawarwari don warware matsalar ta hanyar yarda da sauyi zuwa wani sabon abu. Shin yana da daraja a kashe wasu Siriyawa 50,000 don hana Mr Al Assad ficewa daga juyin mulkin da zai kai ga tafiyarsa?

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya ƙare tare da kashe sojoji kusan miliyan 9 kuma wayewar Turai ta shirya don rashin tausayi na Nazi, gwagwarmayar ba ta tabbatar da asarar ba. Sakamakon zubar da jini ya ɗan fi kyau. Zweig ya rubuta: "Domin mun yi imani - kuma dukan duniya sun gaskata tare da mu - cewa wannan shi ne yakin kawo karshen dukan yaƙe-yaƙe, cewa dabbar da ta lalata duniyarmu ta kasance an lalatar da ita ko kuma an yanka ta. Mun yi imani da babban Shugaba Woodrow Wilson. shirye-shirye, wanda kuma shi ne namu; mun ga hasken wayewar gabas a wancan zamani, lokacin da juyin juya halin Rasha yana cikin lokacin sa na gudun amarci na akidar mutuntaka. Mun kasance wauta, na sani."

Waɗanda suke matsawa Siriyawa yaƙi da yaƙi, maimakon fuskantar juna kan teburin shawara, wauta ce kawai?

Charles Glass shine marubucin litattafai da yawa akan Gabas ta Tsakiya, gami da Ƙabilu tare da Tutoci da Yankin Arewa: Diary War Diary. Shi ma mawallafi ne a ƙarƙashin tambarin London Charles Glass Books

Bayanan Edita: An gyara wannan labarin don gyara kuskuren tsarawa.

---