Source: Cibiyar Yada Labarai Mai Zaman Kanta
Hoto daga Marouanesitti/Shutterstock
Wani bincike da ake gudanarwa a Stockton, California, yayi nazarin yadda rayuwar Amurkawa masu karamin karfi za ta iya inganta idan an ba su kudi kawai-madaidaicin tushe, amma tushen samun kudin shiga ba tare da wata iyaka ba. The Zanga-zangar Karfafa Tattalin Arzikin Stockton (SEED) ba da gangan ta zaɓi mahalarta 125 daga wuraren zama na talauci kuma ta ba su $500 a kowane wata don kawai amfani da duk abin da suke so a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. A yawancin mahalarta taron mata ne (kashi 69) da mutane masu launi (kashi 53).
Sakamako na farko daga shekara ta farko yana da daɗi ga duk wanda ke da sha'awar mafita don magance hauhawar rashin daidaito a Amurka, musamman yayin da suke bayyana ta hanyar kabilanci da jinsi. A cikin shekara ta farko, mahalarta binciken sun sami ayyukan yi a ninki biyu na adadin ƙungiyar kulawa. A farkon binciken, kashi 28 cikin XNUMX na mahalarta sun sami aiki na cikakken lokaci, kuma bayan shekara ta farko. adadin ya karu zuwa kashi 40 cikin dari.
Sukhi Samra, darektan SEED, ta yi min bayani a cikin wani hira cewa ko da yake Andrew Yang, tsohon dan takarar shugaban kasa a yanzu yana neman magajin birnin New York, ya taimaka wajen yada ra'ayin samun kudin shiga na duniya (UBI), nazarin Stockton na "lamuncewar asali na samun kudin shiga" (GBI) ya bambanta da shawarar Yang. "Inda tabbacin samun kudin shiga ya bambanta," in ji Samra, "shine yawanci ana yin niyya ta hanyar hanyoyin samun kudin shiga," maimakon a ba kowa. Ta kara da cewa "An fi yin la'akari da shi a matsayin kayan aiki don daidaito, musamman launin fata da daidaiton jinsi," in ji ta.
Samra ta ce yana da mahimmanci a tsara ra'ayin GBI a cikin "adalcin launin fata da ƙungiyoyin adalci na zamantakewa na shekarun 1960 lokacin da kuke da Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Ƙungiyar kare hakkin jin dadin jama'a da kuma Black Panthers duk suna ba da shawarar samun tabbacin samun kudin shiga. hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci don kawar da talauci.” Hakika, Dokta King ya rubuta a littafinsa na ƙarshe, Ina Muka Dosa Daga Nan: Hargitsi ko Al'umma?, cewa ya kasance "ya tabbata cewa hanya mafi sauƙi za ta tabbatar da zama mafi inganci - maganin talauci shine a soke shi kai tsaye ta hanyar ma'auni da aka tattauna yanzu: tabbacin samun kudin shiga."
Stockton wuri ne mai dacewa don gwaji irin wannan. Wanda aka sani da "Birni mafi bambancin Amurka,” Sojojin kasuwa sun lalata tattalin arzikin Stockton fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata yayin rikicin gidaje na ƙasa kuma ya ayyana fatarar kudi a cikin 2012. Rashin daidaiton launin fata ya yi ƙamari, tare da ƴan tsirarun farar fata na birni suna samun matsakaicin kudin shiga wanda kusan sau biyu na kudaden shiga na Baƙar fata. Wannan ƙananan ƙananan biranen Amurka kuma yana fama da rashin lafiya, aikata laifuka, da kuma yawan aikin 'yan sanda, har ya sami wani sunan laƙabi, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Garuruwan da suka fi muni a Amurka.” Sai kuma a shekarar 2016, birnin ya zabi magajin garin Bakar fata na farko, Michael Tubbs, wanda kuma shi ne mafi karancin shekaru da aka taba zaba a wannan ofishin.
Manufar nunin Stockton na tabbacin samun kudin shiga shine Tubbs 'kwakwalwa, kuma ya ba da gudummawar binciken SEED tare da gudummawa na sirri don nuna cewa ana iya samun daidaito ta hanyar kai tsaye kamar biyan kuɗi ba tare da wani sharadi ba ga waɗanda suka fi buƙata. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa yawancin mahalarta binciken na Stockton mata ne da mutane masu launi. Wannan shine daidai adadin alƙaluma wanda tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa ya bari a baya.
Samra ta bayyana cewa, ga wadanda suka samu damar sauya sheka daga aiki na wucin gadi zuwa cikakken lokaci, kudaden da ake biyan su ya ba su damar yin abubuwa na yau da kullun kamar zuwa hira da aiki, “ba wai don sun yi kasala a da ba amma don su ma’aikata ne na albashi. kawai ba za su iya rasa sauyi ɗaya don yin hira da wani abu ba, saboda hakan yana nufin za su yanke wani abu daga kasafin kuɗin gidansu na wannan watan.” Wasu sun sami damar biyan kuɗin kula da yara don su sami damar yin aiki mafi kyau.
Wani muhimmin sakamako mai mahimmanci na biyan kuɗin kuɗi shine ingantaccen ingantaccen lafiyar hankali da jin daɗin rayuwa gabaɗaya. A 2020 takardaOfishin Bincike na Tattalin Arziƙi na Ƙasa ya wallafa ya gano cewa "matsalolin tattalin arziƙi marasa kyau suna haifar da tabin hankali, kuma shirye-shiryen yaƙi da talauci, irin su musayar kuɗi, suna inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa." Samra ta bayyana cewa a farkon binciken, kusan dukkanin mahalartansa za a iya rarraba su a matsayin "masu rauni na asibiti," amma bayan shekara guda, an sami raguwa mai yawa a cikin damuwa da damuwa idan aka kwatanta da matakan da aka gani a cikin ƙungiyar kulawa, sosai. cewa "$ 500 a wata na iya zama tasiri kamar sauran nau'ikan magunguna."
Sakamakon farko na binciken ya shafi shekarar da ta gabata kafin ayyana cutar ta kwalara. Shekara ta biyu na binciken zai taimaka amsa tambayar da Samra ta bayyana a matsayin, "Ta yaya daidaitaccen kudin shiga zai iya zama maganin rigakafi?" Bayanan da aka samu daga wasu mahalarta binciken sun nuna cewa tallafin dala 500 na wata-wata ya zama mafi mahimmanci yayin bala'in, yayin da ya ba su damar bin "matsuguni" da sauran matakan tsaro da tara abinci saboda suna zai iya samun kudi.
Tabbas, ra'ayin bai wa talakawa kuɗi masu launi don tsira ya saba wa 'yan Republican da ma wasu 'yan majalisar Demokraɗiyya. Tun lokacin da Shugaba Ronald Reagan ya kaddamar da hare-hare kan jindadin gwamnati da Bill Clinton ya kara kaimi, tallafin kudi ga matalauta ya zama aljanu a matsayin rashin kwarin gwiwa ga aiki. Mutane masu launi da mata sun kasance musamman aljani da jefa a matsayin parasites suna cin gajiyar tsarin. Ana kallon talauci a matsayin gazawar ɗabi'a, don haka ana ɗaukar taimako a matsayin lada na fasikanci ga irin wannan gazawar. A cewar Samra, binciken na Stockton ya sha suka kan cewa bai wa mutane kudi zai hana su aiki. Amma ya zuwa yanzu ya tabbatar da akasin haka: cewa samun tabbacin samun kudin shiga zai iya taimakawa Amurkawa masu gwagwarmaya samun ayyukan yi.
Hikimar talauci a matsayin gazawar ɗabi'a tana ci gaba da wanzuwa a yau yayin da wasu dokoki daban-daban don magance barnar tattalin arziƙin cutar sun haɗa da taimakon kai tsaye ta hanyar duban lokaci ɗaya da kuma duba rashin aikin yi na wata-wata. Sanata Tom Cotton na Republican ya yi tir da sabuwar dokar, da Tsarin Ceto Amurka wanda ya wuce a karkashin Shugaba Joe Biden, ta tambayar, "Ta yaya aikawa da binciken bincike ga masu kisan kai da masu fyade a kurkuku zai taimaka wajen magance cutar?" Haɗa talakawan Amurkawa da "masu kisankai da masu fyade" dabara ce ta kare-karen ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Taimakon kudi da aka yi niyya ga matalauta masu launin fata bai taɓa yin farin jini tare da arziƙi, farar fata Amurkawa ba, kuma a cikin Nuwamba 2020, Magajin Garin Stockton Tubbs ya kasance. ya sha kaye a yunkurinsa na sake zaben. Abokin hamayyarsa, dan Republican mai suna Kevin Lincoln, ya yi tir da shirin shiga tsakani na tashin hankali na bindiga a matsayin "kudi ga masu laifi," kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa, "Duk waɗannan kudade da magajin gari ya kawo, an kawo shi ne don yi masa hidima." Daya analysis na shan kayen da ya yi ya kuma nuna cewa, "wasu mazauna yankin Arewa masu arzikin birnin suna ganin an yi watsi da su." Tubbs kuma ya kasance makasudin mugu aikin kafofin watsa labarun dama-dama a matsayin wani shahararren bulogi wanda ya dogara da kalaman wariyar launin fata, karya, wuce gona da iri da labaran karya don kifar da matashin shugaba mai ci gaba.
Wani darasi mai mahimmanci daga gwajin Stockton wanda ba a ambata ba a cikin sakamakon binciken na hukuma shine cewa yayin da tabbacin samun kudin shiga zai iya yin aiki don magance matsalolin da ta tsara don gyarawa, siyasar Amurka ta kasance cikin rudani cikin ra'ayin wariyar launin fata na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na wanda ya cancanci taimako. . Kuma a ciki akwai matsalar da ke cikin tsakiyar rikicin rashin daidaiton mu. Duk da kyakkyawan sakamakon binciken na Stockton, hasarar siyasar magajin garin, Magajin garin Tubbs, ya sake tabbatar da birnin a matsayin wata alama ta microcosm na faffadan yanayin Amurka da kalubalen da ke ci gaba da tunkarar kabilanci da talauci na tushen jinsi.
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