Kadan daga cikin mutanen Ukrainian sun shafe shekaru masu yawa na rayuwarsu suna yakar mulkin kama karya kamar Volodymyr Chemerys.
Rahoton mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam dan kasar Ukraine mai shekaru sittin da haihuwa yana karanta kamar tarihin zanga-zangar Ukraine: Juyin Juyin Juya Hali na 1990 akan mamayar Tarayyar Soviet na kasar, wanda a yau ake masa lakabi da “Maidan na farko”; zanga-zangar "Ukraine ba tare da Kuchma" na 2000-2001 da aka yi niyya ga shugaban Ukraine mai cin gashin kansa daga baya, mai danniya irin wannan; kafa ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam waɗanda ke sa ido tare da ba da taimakon doka ga masu zanga-zangar Euromaidan a cikin 2014; kuma mai tsanani sukar Kafuwar Ukraine bayan Maidan da karuwar barazanar dama da ta zo da ita.
Lokacin da Rasha ta fara mamayewa, al'amura sun tashi sosai. A watan Yulin 2022, jami’an Hukumar Tsaro ta Ukraine (SBU), babban jami’in tsaro da leken asirin cikin gida na kasar, sun shiga gidan Chemerys, suka karya daya daga cikin hakarkarinsa, suka kuma kwace masa kayan lantarki. (Chemerys an bayar Jacobin tare da takaddun likita daga Yuli 2022 da ke yin rikodin haƙarƙari na goma da ya karye). Laifukansa, bisa ga "gargadin hukuma" da ya samu bayan ziyarar, sun hada da "matsayinsa na goyon bayan Rasha a fili," " sukar ayyukan hukumomin Ukraine" a lokacin yakin, da kuma musanta cin zarafi na Rasha a kan Ukraine ta hanyar nuna yakin. tun 2014 "a matsayin rikici na cikin gida."
Chemerys ya ce "Zaluntar siyasa na 'yan adawa da sauran 'yan adawa ba ta zama wani sabon abu ba tun ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2022," in ji Chemerys. "Tun daga ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, sun sami babban sikelin."
Labarin Chemerys wani bangare ne na wani dan rahoto kadan game da yakin Ukraine na yau. Yayin da mulkin kama-karya ba wani sabon abu ba ne a kasar, ya yi matukar ta’azzara sakamakon mamayewar, wanda ya ga gwamnatin Volodymyr Zelensky ta nada madafun iko, da kuma murkushe ‘yan adawa da duk wani abu “masu goyon bayan Rasha”. Rashin kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma da hankalin jama'a, tare da manufofin Amurka da na Turai da ke kara tsananta shi, suna taimakawa wajen rura wutar matsalar.
Kurkukun Siyasa
Labarin Chemerys ba na musamman ba ne. A ranar 10 ga Maris, 2022, mawaki, satirist, kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin Jan Taksyur ya bace bayan da wasu mutane dauke da makamai da ke ikirarin su na SBU suka binciko gidansa, suka kifar da shi tare da kwace ajiyarsa, kamar yadda asusun da aka bayar ya nuna. gidajen labarai na cikin gida kuma zuwa Jacobin ta danginsa. Sai da matarsa da ’ya’yansa suka kwashe kwanaki biyu kafin su gano inda yake: a wani wurin da ake tsare da shi kafin a yi masa shari’a, inda ake tsare da shi sama da watanni biyar bisa zarginsa da cin amanar kasa, kuma ya kasa samun taimakon likita duk da kamuwa da cutar kansa – ba wani sabon abu ba. hali, bisa lafazin Likitan wanda a karshe ya yi masa magani.
“Ya soki hukumomi a karkashin dukkan shugabannin mu. Tunda shi ma’aikaci ne, wannan sana’arsa ce,” in ji diyarsa Mariya.
A cikin shekaru, Taksyur ta satire yana da buga biyu Vladimir Putin da kuma Rasha, amma kuma ya ɗauki manufar ƙarin manufa ta siyasa: daga Biden, oligarchs, Da Ukrainian fitattu, to ultranationalists da Maidan juyin juya hali. Na daya waƙa yana tunanin Ukraine inda Putin ya bace, sai dai har yanzu ba a warware matsalolin cikin gida na kasar ba. Wani izgili yunƙurin jefa duk wani rashin yarda ko rashin jin daɗi tare da rayuwa a cikin Yukren kamar yadda juyin mulkin Kremlin - yunƙurin da Taksyur zai faɗa.
Pacifist Ruslan Kotsaba, wa'azi wani fursuna da Amnesty International ta yi a shekarar 2015, ya fuskanci irin wannan matsala. Laifin Kotsaba na "babban cin amanar kasa" ya riga ya mamaye mamayewar Rasha, bayan wani sakon bidiyo na 2015 da ke lakafta yakin Donbas a matsayin "yakin basasa na fratricidal" da kuma yin kira ga juriya ga aikin soja ya sanya shi lakabi maci amana, an gurfanar da shi, kuma an daure shi na tsawon watanni goma sha shida.
Amma Kotsaba ya ce al’amura sun sake daukar wani sabon salo kai tsaye bayan da Moscow ta mamaye a watan Fabrairun da ya gabata, lokacin da alkalan da ke kula da shari’ar nasa suka dauki “hankali mai tsauri da rashin jituwa.” Da yake jin cewa kotu a yanzu zai iya daukar bangarensu, in ji shi, masu gabatar da kara sun tuno da dimbin shaidun da rashin zuwansu a baya ya dagula ci gaban shari'ar kuma aka ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da su ba. Kotsaba ya yi imanin cewa an riga an yanke hukuncin yanke masa hukunci.
"Wannan tsarin da aka tsara an yi shi ne don dalilai na farfaganda, don ba da ra'ayi na antiwar ga masu cin amana da kuma zargi mutanen da ke da ra'ayi na yaki da rashin isashen shirye-shiryen mutane don daukar aikin soja," in ji shi a yau daga Brooklyn, inda ya sami damar samun mafakar siyasa na wucin gadi.
Danniya Ya Karu
Duka masu fafutukar yaki da yaki irinsu Kotsaba da kwararru a fagen siyasar Ukraine sun ce danniya da siyasa a kasar ya kara kamari tun farkon yakin.
"Zelensky ya yi amfani da mamayewar Rasha da kuma yakin a matsayin hujja don kawar da yawancin 'yan adawar siyasa da masu adawa da mulki da kuma karfafa mulkinsa wanda ba shi da tushe," in ji masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Jami'ar Ottawa Ivan Katchanovski.
Maris 3, 2022 ya ga an gyara dokar laifuka ta Ukrainian don haɗawa da manyan hukunce-hukunce na cin amanar kasa lokacin da aka aikata a ƙarƙashin dokar yaƙi - sanya ranar mamayewar - da ƙara sabbin laifuka na "ayyukan haɗin gwiwa" da "taimakawa ga jihar mai zalunci," ma'ana don sauƙaƙa doka da kuma hanzarta bincike da gwaji. An fara gabatar da irin wadannan sauye-sauye a baya amma an kasa tashi daga kasa har yakin.
A karkashin sabuwar dokar, "haɗin kai" ya haɗa da ayyuka masu yawa, daga goyon bayan zalunci ga Ukraine, don yada farfagandar ilimi, don nuna rashin amincewa ko sarrafa bayanai ta hanyoyin da ke taimakawa abokan gaba. Mykyta Petrovets, lauya a Cibiyar Yanki na Yanki na Kyiv da ke Kyiv. yarda cewa yadda aka yi amfani da sabbin dokokin cikin gaskiya ya zo kan yadda hukumomi ke fassara su.
Tun bayan zartar da dokar, cin amanar kasa da shari'o'in hadin gwiwa sun fashe. Dangane da bayanai daga ofishin mai gabatar da kara, yayin da aka yi rikodin shari'ar laifuka 663 don cin amanar kasa a tsakanin 2014-2021, adadin ya kai 1,062 sama da 2022 kadai. Daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris na wannan shekarar, adadin ya haura sama da ninki biyar, zuwa 278. Adadin laifukan hadin gwiwa, ya kai 3,851 tsakanin watan Yuni, lokacin da aka fara rubuta su, da kuma karshen shekarar, tare da sama da dari shida. kotuna.
Ga Chemerys, waɗannan canje-canje wata hanya ce ta rufe 'yan Ukrain tare da ra'ayoyin "kuskure" da kuma yin "maganin wani abu banda farfagandar hukuma a Ukraine" wani laifi na ɗauri. Kotsaba ya yi zargin cewa wata hanya ce ta sanya al'umma "firgita da biyayya" da kuma kawar da hankali daga matsalolin cikin gida na Ukraine. Wasu suna nuna Zelensky's yi rauni sosai prewar yarda ratings.
Kamar yadda rahotannin kama masu adawa suka fara yadawa a farkon yakin, Zelensky da jam'iyyarsa na farko dakatar da shi sai me dakatar Jam'iyyun adawa goma sha daya kan "hankali da Rasha." Tare da dakatar da biyu daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun da suka fi samun kuri'u a zaben 2019, abin da ya fi yin fice shi ne haramcin kungiyar ta biyu mafi girma a Ukraine, mai ra'ayin 'yan adawar Rasha - For Life (OPZZh). Wannan ya faru duk da cewa yawancin manyan alkalumansa sun ɗauki a pro-Ukraine matsayi a cikin yakin kuma sun kasance tun daga lokacin amintattu masu goyon baya na manufofin Zelensky a majalisa.
OPZZh ta mallaki kusan kashi 10 cikin 2020 na kujerun majalisar dokoki, kuma a shekarar XNUMX, ta samu babban bacin rai lokacin da dan takararta. duka memba na jam'iyyar Zelensky na magajin gari na mahaifar shugaban. Bayan 'yan watanni, jam'iyyun biyu sun kasance gudu wuya da wuya a zaben, jim kadan kafin a fara Zelensky niyya OPZZh tare da takunkumi da hanawa da dama na kafofin yada labaranta a kan cewa suna yada farfagandar Rasha. Ana cikin haka, ya karya alkawarin da ya yi a baya ba zai taba yin irin wannan abu ba kuma ya samu a tsawa daga EU.
"Ba mu taba sanin menene tushen wadannan zarge-zargen ba, menene alaka tsakanin masu goyon bayan Rasha, saboda babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa wani daga cikin ma'aikatan wadannan gidajen talabijin din ya yi aiki da leken asirin Rasha," in ji dan jaridar Ukraine kuma shugaban kungiyar 'yan jaridu Serhiy Guz, wanda ya kara da cewa. cewa da yawa daga cikin anka daga wuraren da aka rufe sun ci gaba da samun ayyukan yi a tashoshin goyon bayan gwamnati. "Ya fara kama da zargin siyasa maimakon laifi na gaske."
Tun bayan haramcin da OPZZh ta yi a shekarar 2022, an kama wasu da dama daga cikin shugabanninta - ciki har da shugaban kasa kuma abokin Putin na kusa Viktor Medvedchuk, amma kuma jami'an da ba su yi wata magana ta nuna goyon bayan Rasha ba tun bayan yakin - an kama su, an yi gudun hijira, da kuma kwace musu zama 'yan kasa. Wasu, ciki har da dan takarar OPZZh wanda ya zama magajin garin garin Zelensky, sun yi an kashe shi.
"Medvedchuk mutum ne mai banƙyama," in ji Olga Baysha, marubucin littafin Dimokuradiyya, Populism, da Neoliberalism a Ukraine. "Duk da haka, kada a manta cewa tashoshi na talabijin na Medvedchuk sun wakilci ra'ayoyin kungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin al'ummar Ukraine da ke adawa da yakin Ukraine da Donbas, gurfanar da masu adawa da juna, ko kuma sauye-sauyen neoliberal na Zelensky."
Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a kafin mamayar Rasha ta nuna cewa jam'iyyu da 'yan siyasa masu goyon bayan Rasha na da gagarumin goyon baya a yankuna da dama a gabashi da kudancin Ukraine," in ji Katchanovski. "Amma tausayin masu goyon bayan Rasha sun hada da goyon baya ga kusanci da Rasha."
An kuma haramtawa tarin jam'iyyu masu ra'ayin hagu, kamar Union of Left Forces da Socialist Party of Ukraine, a da wani muhimmin karfi na 'yan adawar hagu wanda nan da shekarar 2022 ya fada cikin rudani. Tun daga nan - a "Initiative" na SBU. a cewar hukumar - Kotuna sun amince da dakatar da duk wadannan da wasu bangarori uku, da kuma goyon baya da a baya ban a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ukraine (KPU). Bangaren a fadi Ƙoƙarin "ƙaddamarwa" da aka ƙaddamar bayan tawayen Maidan na 2014, haramcin KPU na 2015 ya kasance. yanayiemNed Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International a matsayin "cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da kungiya" wanda "ya kafa wani misali mai hadari."
A halin yanzu, Zelensky yana da ma na tsakiya kusan dukkanin tashoshin talabijin na kasa na Ukraine zuwa wani dandali daya karkashin kulawar gwamnati. A karshen shekarar da ta gabata, ya kara tsananta ikon gwamnati kan kafafen yada labarai na Ukraine, inda ya sanya hannu kan dokar a yadu soki lissafin da ya kasance a baya la'akari kuma matsananci ta 'yan jarida, 'yan majalisa, da masana harkokin watsa labarai, tare da wani mai fafutukar 'yancin 'yan jarida kira shi "mai guba sosai." Doka ta bayar ikon da ba a taɓa gani ba zuwa ga mai kula da harkokin watsa labarai na jihar Ukraine don tarar da soke lasisin kafofin watsa labaru, toshe wallafe-wallafe ba tare da umarnin kotu ba, da tilasta dandamalin kafofin watsa labarun da injunan bincike don cire abun ciki. Yaki da farfagandar Rasha ya sake zama tushen da aka bayyana na matakin.
Kotsaba ya ce: "Dukkan 'yan adawa da ke goyon bayan sasanta rikicin cikin lumana da Rasha a baya sun gudu ko kuma suna kurkuku. "Duk wani tunani game da tattaunawar zaman lafiya ana la'akari da shi wasa ne ga Putin, a matsayin aikin wakilan abokan gaba."
Chemerys ya ce "An rufe kafafen yada labarai da za su iya gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban a Ukraine kuma galibin kafofin yada labarai na Yamma sun yi watsi da bayanan da ake yi na siyasa a Ukraine," in ji Chemerys. "Saboda haka, hanya daya tilo da za a ba da rahoto kan abin da ke faruwa da 'yancin ɗan adam a Ukraine a fili ita ce ƙirƙirar tashar Telegram."
Farauta don Masu cin amana
Daya daga cikin wadancan Tashoshin telegram shi ne "Danne Hannun Hagu da masu adawa a Ukraine," wanda daga halittarsa a ranar 15 ga Maris ya rubuta tabarbarewar yanayin 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam a Ukraine lokacin yaƙi.
Katchanovski ya ce: "Tsaurin cin amanar kasa da hadin gwiwa ana yawan yin su da kuma amfani da su a matsayin wani nau'i na danniya na siyasa ba tare da wata shaida ta ainihin cin amanar kasa da hadin gwiwa ba," in ji Katchanovski.
Wasu daga cikin lamuran da aka yi tsokaci a tashar sun nuna hakan. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, Ofishin Bincike na Jihar Ukraine sanar An kama wani dan majalisar birnin Mariupol kuma shugaban reshen OPZZh na gida, yana mai zargin cewa ya yi magana "don maido da dangantakar tattalin arziki da Rasha" kafin yakin, da kuma "wato a jajibirin harin soja, mai haɗin gwiwar. a shafinsa na Facebook ya rubuta wani kira na kifar da gwamnatin Ukraine mai ci." Na karshen shine fassarar mai tsananin tambaya akan mai laifi Fabrairu 22 post, wanda ya karanta a sauƙaƙe: “Hukumomin da suka kasa maido da zaman lafiya a Ukraine da kuma mayar da Donbas dole ne su tafi.”
Bayan mako guda, SBU sanar ta "raba 'yan adawa" Front Workers' Front na Ukraine a Odessa, wata kungiyar Marxist da aka kafa a karshen 2019, tana tuhumar kungiyar "masu mamaye ne kuma suka ba da tallafi." Ko da yake ba ta ba da wata shaida kan wannan zargi ba, SBU ta yi nuni da cewa a cikin ayyukan ruguzawar ƙungiyar da buga "kayan anti-Ukrainian", ƙoƙarin "don yada haramtacciyar alamar gurguzu tare da kira ga sake farfado da Tarayyar Soviet," da kuma tsara "jama'a". zanga-zangar.”
The kantuna sake bugawa tuhumar da SBU ta yi ya kara da cewa kungiyar ta kuma rubuta “posts anti-capitalist.” Sun yi nuni da wanda aka buga a mako na biyu na yakin, wanda ya koka da cewa yakin ya sake farfado da oligarchs da jiga-jigan siyasa na Ukraine tare da karfafa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma da hakan ba zai faru ba in ba tare da "kokari na babban birnin cikin gida da na waje ba." Kungiyar ta ce Jacobin cewa an saki memban da aka tsare a Odessa, kuma zargin da ake yi na haɗin gwiwar Kremlin shine "hanyar bata sunan kungiyar" wanda "an yi amfani da shi kafin yakin" don yada ba'a, amma ya zama mafi tasiri tun lokacin da aka mamaye.
zane musamman kasa da kasa hankali An kama da kuma gurfanar da 'yan gurguzu Mikhail Kononovich, shugaban reshen matasa na KPU, da kuma tagwayen dan uwansa Aleksander. Kabilanci Belarusians tare da Ukrainian dan kasa, 'yan'uwa sun kasance zargi ta SBU na aiki ga Rasha da Belarushiyanci leken asiri da kuma rike da "ra'ayin pro-Rasha da pro-Belarus." Kononoviches sun ce zarge-zargen kage ne kuma na siyasa ne kuma, a cikin wani sanarwa kwanan nan, an zarge su da duka da azabtar da su sa’ad da aka tsare su na tsawon watanni bakwai, yana mai cewa “yanzu a Ukraine, ‘yan gurguzu’ na nufin mutuwa.” Kafin yakin, sun yi kamfani a kan yunƙurin Zelensky don ba da izinin siyar da masu zaman kansu na ƙasar gonakin Ukrainian da tada hankali shawara don ra'ayoyi daban-daban, ciki har da bayar da shawarwari kan haƙƙin masu magana da harshen Rashanci da kuma adawa da ƙungiyoyin farkisanci a cikin ƙasar.
Sun yi nisa da kawai masu hagu da aka yi niyya. A watan Maris, tashar labarai ta Telegram ta yarda aika hotunan wani da ake zargin "saboteur" da aka kama a yankin Dnipropetrovsk. An bayyana wannan adadi a matsayin mai fafutukar hagun Oleksandr Matyushenko. A baya, Matyushenko yana da cajin cewa "bayan Euromaidan, yarjejeniya ta hannun dama ta mamaye Ukraine," kuma gwamnati da 'yan adawa na dama "suna gasa da juna a cikin kyamar kwaminisanci da kyamar baki." Yana da kuma soki 'Yan bindiga na dama kamar Azov Regiment da oligarch na banki su. Daya daga cikin hotunan kama shi ya nuna hannun wani mutum yana shawagi a kan Matyushenko mai zubar da jini yana rike da shi. Wahayi na Nazi Azov alama.
Matar Matyushenko daga baya ya gaya jaridar hagu ta Jamus Junge Welt cewa ‘yan kungiyar SBU sun shiga sun yi bincike a gidansu, inda suka kwace kwamfutoci da wasu kadarori, yayin da wani mutum da ke sanye da kakin soja – wanda ke dauke da alamar Azov – ya tofa mata a fuska, ya yi mata aski da wuka, sannan ya yi wa mijinta dukan tsiya na tsawon sa’o’i. Ta ce daga baya an kai mutanen biyu hedkwatar SBU, inda jami’ansu suka yi musu tambayoyi, inda suka yi barazanar za su yanke musu kunnuwa.
Shi ma dan gwagwarmayar Kharkiv Spartak Golovachev, mai sukar gwamnatin Ukraine da aka tsare a baya saboda halartar zanga-zangar kin jinin Maidan a yankin, shi ma. a gwargwadon rahoton an kama shi a watan Maris, lokacin da yake kai agajin jin kai ga mazauna yankin. Rubutunsa na karshe a Facebook ya ce kawai mutane suna “karya [kofar] da makamai sanye da kayan Ukraine. Wallahi.”
Ya maimaita wasan karshe post na editan jaridar Odessa Yuriy Tkachev ("Sun zo gare ni. Yana da kyau a yi magana") kafin ya Hukumar SBU ta kama watan Maris. Fitaccen mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo farmaki Wannan a baya don yada "labarun masu goyon bayan Rasha" - kamar goyan baya Masu zanga-zangar adawa da Maidan na 2014 a Odessa da binciken hannun dama a cikin m 2014 gobara can wanda ya tafi da dama An kashe su - Tkachev da farko zargi na "babban cin amanar kasa" bisa zarginsa samarwa "Yaki farfaganda a cikin muradun 'yan mamaya na Rasha" da kuma ba da bayanan soja masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka shaida zato goyon bayan wannan cajin yana da wahala a mafi kyau: hotunan kariyar kwamfuta sun nuna Tkachev yana tambayar membobin tashar sa ta Telegram don bayani game da irin fada, idan akwai, yana faruwa a inda suke.
Bayan bincike a gidansa, SBU ta yi ikirarin gano ababen fashewa. Duka Tkachev da kuma matarsa dukkansu sun yi watsi da tuhumar da kakkausar suka, suna masu cewa mai yiwuwa an dasa bama-baman. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, Tkachev yana da an yi tambaya a kotu dalilin da ya sa zai ajiye ababen fashewa a cikin kwandon wanki da lilin sa, inda SBU ta ce an same su. Masu gabatar da kara sun kuma lura da tarin abubuwa masu hoton Soviet da suka samu a cikin gidan ma'auratan.
"Danniya, ba tare da shakka ba, ya haifar da yanayi na tsoro a cikin al'umma," in ji Chemerys. "Ukrainiyawa suna tsoron bayyana ra'ayoyinsu - mai yiwuwa fiye da lokacin USSR, wanda ni, a matsayin mai adawa a lokacin, na tuna."
"Dukkan 'yan jarida na Ukrainian da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizon da ba sa son inganta sigar Zelensky ta 'gaskiya' dole ne su rufe (da son rai ko kuma a tursasa) ko, idan zai yiwu, yin hijira," in ji Baysha.
Daya daga cikin irin wannan dan jarida shine Vasyl Muravitsky, wanda ya sami mafaka a Finland yayin da ake tuhumarsa - wanda aka fara kafin yakin - ya kasance. ci gaba in babu. An tuhumi Muravitsky da laifin cin amanar kasa da kuma keta mutuncin yankin Ukraine, duk da takamammen zargin SBUs, 'yan jaridu, Da kuma wasu shine cewa ya yada abubuwan "anti-Ukrainian", kuma yana aiki akan umarni daga Moscow.
An soki lamarinsa da yawa. Amnesty kira shi "rashin tushe" kuma ayyana shi fursuna ne na lamiri, yayin da shugaban kungiyar 'yan jarida ta kasa ta Ukraine ya ce hukumomi ba su bayar da wata shaida ba. Reporters Without Borders jãyayya cikakkun bayanai na shari'ar "sun nuna cewa an kama shi fiye da kowa saboda yana aiki da kafofin yada labaran Rasha."
"Yawancin 'yan jarida suna yin katsalandan a yanzu," in ji Guz, wanda ke jayayya cewa 'yan jaridu ba wai kawai bayanan soji suke boyewa ba, har ma da sukar gwamnati gaba daya. "Haɗarin shine idan muka yi shiru game da matsalolin, mun kawar da hanyoyin da za a magance abubuwa."
Rash of Blacklists
An taimaka wa wannan murkushe ta hanyar yada sunayen masu zaman kansu na masu cin amana. Ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran shi ne Myrotvorets, ko "Mai zaman lafiya" - wanda jami'in ma'aikatar cikin gida kuma tsohon dan majalisa Anton Gerashchenko ya kafa a cikin 2014 - wanda babban kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai kare hakkin dan Adam. shawarar Jami'an tsaro na Ukraine sun yi bincike shekaru shida da suka wuce. Tun daga shekarar 2015, kwanaki bayan da shafin ya fitar da bayanansu, a jarida kuma a tsohon MP Wadanda suka shiga cikin kungiyar ta Anti-Maidan an harbe su ne a wajen gidajensu, tare da wata kungiyar masu kishin kasa. karbar bashi.
Tsawon shekaru, kamar yadda jerin sunayen rukunin yanar gizon ke ba da izini ga fiye da 130,000, ya hada da kowa daga masu fafutuka na NGO, 'yan siyasar kasashen waje, da masu ra'ayin 'yan aware masu goyon bayan Rasha, ga limaman Orthodox, mashahuran Yammacin Turai, har ma da masu sukar Kremlin - duk wanda ya dauki matsayin "ba daidai ba" a idanun masu kishin kasa. A wani lokaci, ta nuna sama da mutane dari biyu da suka tsira daga hatsarin jirgin saman fasinja na Rasha a shekarar 2019 da ya nufi yankin Crimea ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Waɗannan sunaye ana ƙara su ta hanyar rukunin sirri na masu gudanarwa da ba a san su ba, da na baƙaƙen lissafin amfani a matsayin hanyar tabbatar da doka - tare da shigar da tsohon jami'in SBU da ita listing na hedkwatar CIA na Langley, Virginia a matsayin adireshin - ya haifar da hasashe da yawa.
Shafin na iya zama mafi shahara don yin lakabi da "masu hada kai na 'yan ta'adda" da kuma kashe 'yan jarida fiye da dubu biyar da sauran wadanda suka nemi izinin manema labarai don yin aiki a yankunan 'yan aware a 2016, wanda ya haifar da barazana a kansu da iyalansu. Duk da wannan, Gerashchenko ya kasance daga baya nada karkashin Zelensky ya jagoranci lafiyar jarida, na kowane abu, a ma'aikatar cikin gida. Tun daga nan ya zama a fitaccen muryar Ukrainian a Yamma tun lokacin da aka mamaye.
Yayin da abin kunya na Myrotvorets ya rage matsayinsa, wani zaɓi na sassaucin ra'ayi ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na Chesno ("Gaskiya"), wata fitacciyar kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta mayar da hankali kan zabuka na gaskiya da gwamnati mai kyau da ta samu. ya taka rawar gani a cikin juyin juya halin Euromaidan. A ranar 17 ga Maris sanar an kaddamar da "Rajistan Masu Ta'addanci” mai da hankali kan ‘yan siyasa, alkalai, ‘yan jarida, da jami’an tsaro.
A lokacin rubuta wannan rahoto, ya lissafta sunaye 1,118, da yawa daga cikinsu akwai zanen rap na wasanni kamar yadda wasu daga cikin wadanda SBU ke hari. Chemerys ("mai farfagandar ra'ayoyin hagu") shine tsakanin su, tare da laifuffukan da ake zargin sa da suka hada da "lala'antar gwagwarmaya da masu haɗin gwiwa," yana gudanar da tashar telegram "inda Marxism ya dace," yana neman a wargaza Regiment na Azov na dama, da bayar da shawarar aiwatar da ayyukan. Yarjejeniyar Minsk.
Chesno yana bawa 'yan Ukrain damar yin zargin "masu cin amana" ba tare da sunansu ba shafin yanar gizo da kuma gabatar da shaida (yayin da kuma ba su zabin ba su ba). Cajin cewa "cin amanar kasa ya zama al'amarin iyali," yana da bukaci Ukrainians don mika 'yan uwa da ake zargi maci amana, kuma yana da inganta da kuma yaba " daukakar 'yan tawaye" na nasarar kisan gillar da ake zargin hadin gwiwa a yankuna kamar Kherson da sojojin Ukraine suka sake kama.
Hadin Kai A Idon Masu Kallo
Amma duk da haka layin da ke tsakanin mai haɗin gwiwa da wanda ke ƙoƙarin tsira na iya zama da wahala sosai a ƙarƙashin mamaya na ƙasashen waje. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi, bisa la'akari da sababbin dokokin adawa da haɗin gwiwar, wane zaɓi 'yan Ukrain da ke cikin yankunan da aka mamaye, Petrovets. bayyana cewa ko dai su tattara shaidun da ke nuna cewa an tilasta musu yin aiki tare da sojojin Rasha - aikin "mai haɗari", in ji shi - ko kuma su zaɓi "zaɓi mafi kyau" kuma su gudu, wani abu da ya gane "ba kowa ba ne zai iya yi."
Hakika, wani malamin Kherson wanda, bisa ga imaninsa na addini, ya tsaya a lokacin da sojojin Rasha suka shiga don ya ci gaba da ba mazauna abinci da magunguna, daga baya. ya shigo cikin tuhuma na hadin gwiwa lokacin da sojojin Ukraine suka sake kwace birnin. Nasa ɗaya ne daga cikin lokuta masu kama da juna rubuce da New York Times.
Masu fafutuka na mata daga kudu da kudu maso gabashin Ukraine sun fada Jacobin game da jerin sunayen baƙaƙe makamancin haka da ake tattarawa a garuruwan da Rasha ta mamaye. (Ana boye sunayen masu fafutuka don kare sunayensu).
"Babu wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi da algorithms ga wanda ya kamata ya kasance a cikin waɗannan jerin sunayen da kuma zarge-zarge," in ji wani. “Yawancin waɗannan jerin sunayen ana yin su ne ta hanyar motsa jiki. Yawanci wani jami'in gida ne ke yin hakan ko ta hanyar kungiyoyin jama'a da kafofin watsa labarun."
Tashoshi da yawa na Telegram sun wanzu don suna da kunyata 'yan Ukrain saboda haɗin gwiwa tare da sojojin mamaya. Sau da yawa posts ba za su iya ƙunsar takamaiman zargi ba. Lokacin da suka yi, yawancin ba su da wata hujja kuma suna iya bijirewa al'amuran damuwa. Post daya zargin mata da yawa, daya a matsayin matasa a matsayin goma sha tara, na samun "kullun" dangantaka da sojojin Rasha. Lissafin sun ƙunshi cikakkun sunaye, hotuna, asusun sada zumunta, har ma da lambobin waya da adiresoshin waɗanda ake tuhuma. Ga tashar “Tuntuwar Hagu”, wacce ta tattara yawancin irin waɗannan lamuran, waɗannan al'amuran sun kasance munanan alamu na yunƙurin ƙasar zuwa ga “ kama-karya.”
Jerin sunayen irin wadannan ma sun fito daga jami’ai, inda magajin garin Melitopol da ke kudu maso gabashin kasar ya wallafa jerin sunayen mutane casa’in, wadanda akasarinsu mata ne, in ji masu fafutuka. Jacobin. Yayin da wasu mazauna garin suka yi ƙoƙari na gaske don taimaka wa sojojin Rasha, yawancin waɗanda ake zargi “mutane ne kawai,” in ji ɗaya daga cikinsu, kamar waɗanda aka naɗa a matsayin darektoci da masu gudanarwa na makaranta.
Lallai, ya zuwa watan Oktoban shekarar da ta gabata, shari'o'in hadin gwiwa goma sha biyu sun kasance bude shiga cikin malamai a yankin Kharkiv, wadanda aka kama da laifin aikata laifuka ci gaba da aiki karkashin mulkin Rasha da aiwatar da manufofin ilimi na Rasha, ko don karbar mukamai sojojin mahara ne suka nada su. Daya Jerin Telegram cike yake da jerin sunayen malamai a makarantu da kananan yara masu suna a matsayin wadanda ake zargi da hada kai. Ɗaya daga cikin "ƙaramin malami," ya zargi ɗaya, "ya tafi aiki tare da Orcs a matsayin shugaban makaranta," yana ambaton wani sakon Facebook yana sanar da mutane game da gwajin lafiya na gaba a wani asibiti na gida.
Ba malamai kawai ba. Wani tsoho mazaunin Kupyansk, darektan filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye birnin, an tuhume shi da bayar da "taimako ga jihar mai zalunci," yana fuskantar shekaru goma sha biyu a kurkuku. Laifinsa? Cewar ga 'yan sanda, "wanda ya kai harin ya shirya kuma ya kula da gudanar da wasannin kwallon kafa da gasa," "ya dauki hayar ma'aikata don kula da cibiyar," da "ya gudanar da al'adu da jama'a tare da abubuwan farfaganda." Haka ma jami'in layin dogo ya kasance zargin cin amanar kasa domin kulawa, a karkashin mamaya, gyaran tashar da aka lalace a fadan.
Hakanan ana tuhumar mutumin da "ayyukan haɗin gwiwa" shine mutumin da sojojin Rasha suka nada don jagorantar babban asibitin Izyum (wanda ya jagoranci babban asibitin Izyum). ya ci gaba da aiki da kuma ceton rayuka a lokacin mamaya duk da tashin bama-bamai da harsasai), wanda a wani lokaci zargin ya bukaci mazauna yankin da su bada hadin kai ga sojojin da suka mamaye. Jami'in ƙarar laifuka dalla-dalla game da shi a matsayin laifin da ya aikata cewa "da son rai ya ɗauki matsayin da ya shafi gudanar da ayyukan ƙungiya da gudanarwa . . . a cikin gwamnatin mamaya na jihar.
Ga wasu 'yan Ukrain, "haɗin kai" ba ya nufin ainihin taimakon kayan aiki ga sojojin mamaye ba, amma kawai suna riƙe da ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba, sau da yawa ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayin Rashanci ko goyon bayan mamayewar Moscow. Wannan shi ne lamarin ga wasu mutane biyar da ake tuhuma da laifin hada baki a Zhytomyr, mafi yawansu a cikin shekaru hamsin da sittin, wadanda laifuffukansu kamar haka. cikakken bayani daga 'yan sanda suna fadin irin wadannan kalamai ne a shafukan sada zumunta da kuma a wuraren da jama'a ke taruwa. Wata tsohuwa mace ce cajin don gaya wa abokan cinikin cewa Rasha tana mamayewa ne don "kayar da Nazism." A daya rahoton kasa-kasa, wata mace 'yar shekara saba'in da biyar a Kherson mai 'yanci an mika shi ga 'yan sanda a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa don cewa "ya fi kyau lokacin da Rasha ke nan" kuma Crimea na Moscow ne.
A sa'i daya kuma, yankunan da ke karkashin ikon Rasha na Ukraine sun ga wani yawan kashe-kashe na jami'an da sojojin mamaye suka girka. Wannan ya biyo bayan Gerashchenko watsawa a cikin Afrilu cewa an ƙirƙiri "Mossad na Ukraine" (wanda ke nufin sabis na tsaron Isra'ila) wanda "aiki a cikin yankunan da aka mamaye," don haka "idan kun ji cewa wani a cikin [yankin da aka mamaye] ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, wannan shine aikin. ayyukanmu na musamman.”
Kame Mulki
"Yakin yana motsa al'umma zuwa ga rayuwa mai iko," in ji Guz. Kamar misali daya, ya nuna wa sabuwar yarda da zamantakewa na ting masu karya doka waje cikin sanyi mai daskarewa.
Amma akwai wasu. Ana zargin ra'ayoyin "pro-Russian" har ma da haɗin gwiwa tare da Moscow, SBU ya kasance ɗauke da fitar da hare-hare daruruwan of majami'u da kuma gidajen ibada na cikin Cocin Orthodox na Ukrainian (UOC), wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon sarauta na reshen Rasha mai goyon bayan yaƙi (ko da yake kusan uku da ɗari Limaman Orthodox na Rasha sun yi Allah wadai da yakin). Yawancin limaman UOC ko dai sun kasance takunkumi ko ne ana bincikarsa da laifi, kamar yadda Ikilisiya ta yi ayyana 'yancin kai daga Moscow, ya yi Allah wadai da yakin, da kuma goyon bayan sojojin Ukraine. Wani daftarin doka da aka gabatar a watan Disamba don hana UOC da tabbatar da "Ukrain"ruhaniya 'yancin kai" a cikin kalmomin Zelensky, sa an hargitsi.
Crackdowns a kan al'adun gargajiya na Rasha - daya daga cikin manufofin da suka haifar da rikici a cikin kasar inda da yawa magana da kabilanci gano kamar yadda Rashanci - ya tsananta. Yakin ya gani masu yawa yanki da kuma gida hana ruwa a kan kayayyakin Rasha, da magana har ma da koyon Rashanci, ta yadda a watan Nuwamba, akwai kusan babu makaranta da ya bari wanda ya koyar da harshen. Yuni ya ga gwamnatin Zelensky kirkiro majalisa ta musamman don daidaita "motsi na kasar don de-Russification"; majalisa sun zartar da dokoki da yawa rage littattafan Rasha da kiɗa. Tarar ga magana da Rashanci, har ma da magajin garin mai magana da harshen Rashanci, ba su daga cikin tambaya, yayin da babbar jami'a kai tsaye dakatar harshen daga harabar ta. Wannan Fabrairu, gwamnati bikin share dakunan karatu na kasar na litattafai miliyan goma sha tara, wasu da aka rubuta da Ukrainian amma daga zamanin Soviet, da kuma miliyan goma sha daya da aka rubuta da Rashanci.
"Matsalar gwagwarmayar Ukraine da abin da ake kira" ajandar goyon bayan Rasha " shi ne cewa wannan wata ajanda ce ta miliyoyin 'yan kasar Ukraine wadanda aka yi watsi da ra'ayoyinsu gaba daya," in ji Baysha. "Abin da ake kira 'de-Russification' hakika yakin Ukraine ne da 'yan kasarta wadanda harshen Rasha ya zama yarensu kuma Cocin Orthodox na Rasha addini ne na kakanninsu."
Yawancin wannan shine samfurin jingoism na lokacin yaƙi, wanda yawanci yana ganin haɓakawa Kasashe wadanda ke fuskantar harin. Amma wasu daga ciki kuma manufofin Amurka da Turai ne ke tafiyar da su.
Yayin da ba a fitar da kudaden sa na 2022 ba, a cikin 2021, Chesno (NGO mai sassaucin ra'ayi yanzu yana gudanar da nasa jerin sunayen wadanda ake zargi) samu Kashi 42 cikin XNUMX na kuɗaɗen sa daga gwamnatin Amurka Ƙaddamarwa na kasa don dimokiradiyya (NED) da National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), wadanda suka ba da kaso mafi tsoka na wannan kudi. NDI dai na daya daga cikin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke da alaka da daya daga cikin bangarorin biyu na Amurka, kuma ita kanta hukumar ta NED, da Hukumar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka (USAID), da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka da dai sauransu.
A halin da ake ciki, dokar watsa labarai ta Zelensky ba ta wuce kan ƙin amincewar Turai ba, amma a kan buƙatarta. Lokacin da aka fara gabatar da shi a cikin 2020, yana tare da bayyana goyon baya na ƙungiyoyin EU, nassi daura zuwa Yukren ta ƙarshe shiga cikin ƙungiyar. Duk da a ƙarshe ya tsaya a ƙarƙashin a yabo na suka - kuma duk da keta EU-Ukrainian a fili yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa's tanadi akan "girmama 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar, musamman 'yancin watsa labaru" - Majalisar Turai da wakilan EU zuwa Ukraine da ake kira karbuwarsa nan take a lokacin. Tawagar EU ma ya ba da babban yatsa lokacin da aka tayar da kudirin a bara, duk da kasancewarsa hukunta ta kungiyoyin 'yan jarida a Ukraine da Turai.
Masu biyan haraji na Amurka da na Turai, a wata ma’ana, ba tare da gangan ba, ana sanya su da hannu wajen ja da baya a kasar daga ‘yancin dimokradiyya da jam’i mai sassaucin ra’ayi. Amma bai kamata ya kasance haka ba.
Katchanovski ya ce "Gwamnatocin yammacin duniya suna da tasiri mai karfi a kan gwamnatin Ukraine da manufofinta tun lokacin da Ukraine kasa ce ta Amurka kuma ta dogara ga goyon bayan kasashen yamma a lokacin yakin da Rasha," in ji Katchanovski. "Za su iya sa gwamnatin Zelensky ta bi manufofin da suka shafi dimokiradiyya da bin doka."
Tabbas, shekaru da yawa, Amurka da EU sun yi amfani da haɗin gwiwa taimakon kudi, zama memba na EU na gaba, da kuma matsin lamba na siyasa don ingiza shugabancin Ukraine don aiwatar da sauye-sauye daban-daban. Masu sharhi da masu sharhi na Amurka sun riga sun ba da shawarar amfani da irin wannan taimakon don yin komai daga tsirara gwamnatin Ukrainian zuwa teburin tattaunawa, don ciyar da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma kyakkyawan shugabanci kokarin. Me ya sa ba za a ƙara karkatar da ƙasar daga jahilci ba, alkiblar kama-karya da ta ɗauka a lokacin yaƙi cikin wannan jerin sunayen?
Guz ya ce "Ya kamata a dauki matakin da muhimmanci, kamar taimakon soja, kamar yadda yake kare cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya," in ji Guz. “Yakin yana sa gwamnati ta zama mai karfin iko, domin kare kai ne na al’umma. Daidai aikin kasashen yamma ne su taimaka wa Ukraine kar ta kai matakin kama-karya kamar na Rasha.”
Ya kara da cewa "Kuma kasashen Yamma ba sa mayar da martani ga kasadar da ke akwai a zamanin yau."
Sai dai hakan ba zai iya faruwa ba idan al'ummar yammacin duniya ba su ma san da rugujewar mulkin kasar ba tun da farko. Tabbatar da an san shi ne aikin jarida, wanda m hoto of Zelensky ya harzuka masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na Ukraine.
"Kafofin watsa labarai na yammacin duniya ba su gabatar da masu karatu da masu kallonsu bayanai masu ma'ana na abin da ke faruwa," in ji Baysha. "'Yan jarida na yammacin duniya suna daukar kalmomin Zelensky da kima."
A halin da ake ciki, Chemerys ya ci gaba da yin magana game da mulkin mallaka a Ukraine, duk da cutar sankarar bargo da ta sa shi a asibiti na tsawon watanni. Ko da yake karuwar danniya ya kori 'yan hagu na Ukraine a karkashin kasa, in ji shi, yana da wasu ƙungiyoyin hagu za su dawo da ƙarfi fiye da da, kasancewar, a idanunsa, ƙungiyoyin da za su iya ba wa Ukraine mafi kyawun samfurin bayan yaƙi.
Ana ci gaba da kai masa hari saboda kokarinsa. A watan Disamba, bayan da babban bankin Ukraine ya janye wani umarni mai cike da cece-kuce da ke tilasta bankunan su duba ayyukan kudi na wadanda aka jera a cikin jerin bakar fata na Myrotverts, bankin Raiffeisen na Vienna ya yi tayin yin hakan a madadinsa da son rai - ta hanyar amfani da jerin masu sassaucin ra'ayi, da Amurka ta bayar da Chesno. maimakon haka. Sama da komai, nan da nan aka umarci Chemerys ya bayyana kudaden da ake yi wa asusunsa. Ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke kin amincewa da ra'ayin cewa samun ra'ayin Markisanci ya kamata ya buƙaci hujja ta musamman tare da yin Allah wadai da "masu cin abinci kamar Chesno, tare da hukumomin Kyiv da 'yan ta'adda" don mayar da Ukraine "ƙasar da kowa ya kamata ya yi tunani, magana, da kuma yin la'akari." addu’a kawai yadda su da iyayengijinsu na Yamma suke so,” ya rubuta a cikin wata sanarwa. "Marxism baya buƙatar hujja."
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