An yi hira da Flore Murard-Yovanovitch don Mujallar Italiyanci "Hagu" http://www.left.it/
1. Menene asalin kungiyar Pegida, yaya aka haife ta? Menene ma'anar gaskiyar da ke tasowa a Dresden, birni mai fama da yaki wanda ke da ra'ayin gurguzu / stalinist. Ci gaba da Tarihi?
Pegida ya fara ne kusan makonni 13 da suka gabata tare da jerin gwano na mutane dubu da dama, amma wadannan macizai sun yi girma cikin sauri. Babu shakka akwai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na fasikanci da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama a cikin wannan motsi, amma sun sami damar jawo hankalin mutane da yawa "na al'ada" masu ra'ayin dama daga tsakiyar aji har ma daga ƙananan aji. Haƙiƙa ƙungiyar dama ce ta tushen ciyawa, wacce aka shirya ta hanyar intanet da shafukan sada zumunta - kuma ta haɓaka ta hanyar ba kawai yanki ba, har ma da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa baki ɗaya.
A yayin zanga-zangar a Dresden, akwai mutane da dama daga wasu garuruwan Jamus ma. Sabon al'amari shi ne dagewar rashin tada kayar baya" a lokacin jerin gwanon, wanda ya sha bamban da ayyukan da aka saba yi na muguwar yunkurin farkisanci na Jamus. Dauki mummunar zanga-zangar "anti-Musulunci" ta masu fasikanci a Cologne a watan Oktoban da ya gabata a matsayin misali, inda 'yan fasikanci suka fara farautar baƙi. Har ila yau, kada mu manta da kungiyar ta'addanci ta NSU ta Jamus (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund), wadda aka gano shekaru uku da suka wuce - kuma mambobinta ke da alhakin kashe akalla 8 na baƙi. Ko a yanzu haka ana ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan bakin haure da na hannun hagu, amma wannan tashin hankalin bai faru ba a lokacin tattaki da zanga-zangar Pegida.
Yana iya bayyana cewa wannan yunkuri na hannun dama wani lamari ne na yanki wanda ke da alaka da karfi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, son zuciya, da kuma al'ada na rage ra'ayin farkisanci a Saxony. A Dresden mun ga manyan zanga-zangar fasist na Turai na tsawon shekaru da yawa, har sai da babban taron antifascist, wanda 'yan sanda saxonian suka yi yaƙi da mugun hali, ya sami nasarar kawo ƙarshen wannan "al'ada". Sai dai duk da haka, akwai alhini a Jamus game da wannan yunkuri, kamar yadda kuri'un da aka yi a baya-bayan nan suka nuna cewa: kimanin kashi 60 cikin 2010 na Jamusawa suna ganin cewa gwamnatin ba ta yin abin da ya dace don hana shige da fice, kashi daya bisa uku ma na da ra'ayi mara kyau na cewa akwai zaren Musulunci a Jamus. . Dresden wuri ne mai mahimmanci, inda na hannun dama na Jamus ke yin gangami, amma yana iya bazuwa cikin sauƙi zuwa wasu biranen ma a yammacin Jamus. A cikin rikicin Ruhrgebiet, yanki na baya-bayan nan na masana'antu tare da lalata masana'antu da matsalolin zamantakewa, muna kuma da ƙungiyar Nazi mai ƙarfi. Ba matsalar gabas ba ce kawai. Lokacin da muke magana game da zurfin asalin Pegida, dole ne mu yi magana game da rikicin jari-hujja da rikicin Turai. Wadannan rikice-rikice na tsarin, haɗe tare da jin daɗin jin daɗin Jamus da gyare-gyaren aikin yi (Agenda 2010) sun haifar da kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce a lokacin wani tsari mai dorewa na zalunci a cikin al'ummar Jamus - musamman ma matsakaici. Ana iya kiran wannan al'amari gaba daya "tsattsauran ra'ayi na tsaka-tsaki" tare da rabe-raben zamantakewar al'umma, kuma gasa tsakanin mutane a kan kasuwar aiki da ke fama da rikici. Tsakiyar jama'a na tsoron rasa matsayinsu. Don haka, akidun wariyar launin fata sun fara samun karbuwa: kuna da muhawarar Sarrazin game da matalauta da baƙi a cikin XNUMX, inda wani ɓangare na jiga-jigan Jamus suka fara ɗaukar ra'ayoyin wariyar launin fata da zamantakewa-darwiniyanci, kamar nacewa na ƙarancin jinsin halittu. tufafin talakawa ko Larabawa. Kuna da muhawara mai cike da ƙiyayya a lokacin rikicin Yuro, inda kafofin watsa labaru na Jamus suka zargi "lalalai da marasa aminci na Kudancin Turai" da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki. Kuna da haɓaka kwanan nan na Jam'iyyar dama ta Alternative für Deutschland ". Don haka, Pegida shine sakamakon tsarin zamantakewa mai ɗorewa na tsattsauran ra'ayi a hankali a cikin "tsakiyar" na al'ummar Jamus.
2. Menene ci gaban wannan yunkuri da ke ci gaba a kowace rana?
Yana da matukar wahala a iya hasashen. Dukkanin motsi na iya ƙarfafawa da zama wani ɓangare na yanayin siyasar Jamus, musamman lokacin da za a iya ƙirƙira ƙawance tare da sabuwar jam'iyyar dama ta "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD). Har ma yana iya yaduwa zuwa sauran kasashen Turai, idan sabbin hare-haren masu kishin Islama ya kamata su faru. Musamman abin da ke damun shi shi ne yadda wasu gungun jiga-jigan Jamus ke kokarin hada wannan yunkuri - babu wani tofin Allah tsine ga Pegida. Musamman a cikin Angela Merkels CDU masu ra'ayin mazan jiya (Christlich Demokratische Union), akwai muryoyin fahimta game da wannan motsi. Kafofin yada labarai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, wadanda suka fara muhawarar wariyar launin fata a baya, sun kuma wargaje tsakanin hukunci da amincewa. To amma ko da a halin da ake ciki na rugujewar wannan yunkuri, karuwar karfin wariyar launin fata za ta ci gaba da wanzuwa, hakan zai haifar da karuwar tasirin jam'iyyun dama da kuma akidun da suka dace.
3. Shin kin amincewa da addinin Islama shine tushen wannan yunkuri ko kuwa yana nuna kyamar baki baki daya?
Anti-Musulunci shine kawai rugujewar wannan yunkuri na wariyar launin fata. Hakan ya baiwa mahalarta wadannan jerin gwano su bayyana kyamar baki a fili a kan tituna. Kalli kawai "buƙatun" na wannan motsi, wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana duk waɗannan ɓacin rai na wariyar launin fata a cikin "farar hula".
http://www.i-finger.de/pegida-matsayi.pdf Da kyar babu wani batu da ke kira da a yi yaki da masu tsatsauran ra'ayin Islama ko kuma daular Musulunci, amma da yawa sun yi kira da a dauki tsauraran matakai kan bakin haure da kuma korar bakin haure cikin gaggawa. Har ila yau Pegida ya yi kira da a haramta duk wani taimako ga yunkurin samun 'yancin kai na Kurdawa, musamman kungiyar PKK, wacce a hakikanin gaskiya ita ce kadai karfin ci gaba a yankin baki daya, da ke yaki da kungiyar IS ta hanyar da ta dace. Kalaman kyamar Musulunci na Pegida sun kara tsananta bayan hare-haren ta'addanci a Faransa, kuma gaba daya kungiyar ta samu gagarumin ci gaba bayan haka. Akwai dangantaka mai ban tsoro tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu, masu kishin Islama da na dama. Dukkansu biyun suna amfana da tashe-tashen hankula da ayyukan juna, kamar yadda masu kishin Islama da kuma NSU na Jamus suka yi, kuma dukkansu biyun suna kokarin kara ruruta wadannan "yakin al'adu" domin cimma wata manufa ta akida a cikin al'ummominsu yayin da ake ci gaba da ruruwa.
4. Shin Pegida ne ya rama kisan da aka yi wa Khaled Idris Bahray, yaron Eritrea a Dresden? Shin zaluncin jiki ga bakin haure shine ci gaban hankali na wannan yunkuri?
Har yanzu dai ba a san wanda ya kashe Khaled ba. Amma alamu da yawa suna nuni zuwa ga kisan kai na farkisanci. Akwai zaren bakin haure da abokan Khalid, sun yi maganar wani yanayi na tsoratarwa da tsoro. An zana swastikas a ƙofar falon su. Kuma al'adar jahilci game da laifukan farkisanci a cikin 'yan sandan Jamus - wanda ya bai wa NSU damar ci gaba da kashe-kashensu na tsawon shekaru - ya sake bayyana. Jikin Khaled ya jike da jini, amma ‘yan sanda sun ce da farko, wannan mutuwa ce ta “halitta”, kuma an wanke jinin da ke wurin nan take. Bayan shiga tsakani na kafofin watsa labarai da masu fafutuka, 'yan sanda sun yarda, cewa wannan kisan kai ne kuma sun fara tsare wurin da aka aikata laifin - sa'o'i 30 bayan kisan kai! Zanga-zangar dai wani muhimmin kayan aiki ne na tattara ƙungiyoyin farkisanci na Jamus masu haɗari waɗanda za a iya ƙarfafa su don kai munanan hare-hare. Tun kafin mutuwar Khaleds, a nan akwai ta'addanci: Har ila yau, an yi ta kone-kone kan cibiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira, da dukan wata yarinya 'yar Turkiyya bayan zanga-zangar Pegida a Dresden, da kuma wasu hare-hare kan masu ra'ayin hagu. Yawancin baƙi a Dresden suna tsoron rayuwarsu, suna so su bar birnin. Lokacin farautarsa kuma, yanayi mai kama da karuwar wariyar launin fata da kisan gilla a Jamus a farkon shekarun 1990, jim kadan bayan sake hadewar Jamus. Muzaharar dai cike take da tashin hankali da kiyayya da ba ta cika ba.
5. Menene ma'anar wannan motsi na launin fata, komawar wariyar launin fata a cikin al'ummomin Jamus / Turai? Za a iya fassara shi a matsayin neo-nazism? Ko wani sabon abu ne?
Kamanceceniya da haɓakar farkisanci a Turai a cikin 1930s abu ne mai ban tsoro. Har ila yau, muna da babban rikicin tsarin jari-hujja, kamar yadda ya faru bayan durkushewar kudi na 1929. Zan kai ga bayyana farkisanci a matsayin rikici-akida, wanda a ko da yaushe yana samun karbuwa a lokacin rikici. Wannan tashin hankali na wariyar launin fata wani bangare ne na tsoro, saboda fargabar rashin tabbas a nan gaba, da ake hasashen kan baki. Mahalarta zanga-zangar suna tsoron rikicin, kuma suna tunanin za su iya kawar da shi ta hanyar korar duk bakin haure da kuma rufe iyakokin. Akwai tambayoyi da yawa na sa'o'i da yawa tare da mahalarta Pegida-marches a kan intanet, kuma kusan kowa yana kokawa game da yanayin aiki mara kyau, ƙarancin albashi, ƙarancin fansho - a ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi arziki a Turai. Waɗannan su ne sakamakon da aka ambata a baya na "gyare-gyare" na zamantakewa da kuma raguwa (Agenda 2010), wanda ya haifar da fadada mummunan yanayin aiki da kuma raguwa a cikin albashi a Jamus. Kuma kusan kowane ɗaya daga cikin masu tausayin Pediga yana tunanin cewa baƙi ne ke da alhakin waɗannan wahalhalu. Kuma kusan kowa yana jin a cikin zuciyarsa cewa rikicin bai ƙare ba.
Don haka, wannan "tsattsauran ra'ayi na tsakiya" yana haifar da " tawaye mai ma'ana ", wanda shine ma'anar "jama'a" na fasikanci: waɗannan mutanen da ke da hali mai mulki suna jin an yi amfani da su kuma sun yaudare su, amma ba za su iya yin tawaye ga masu mulki ba. tsarin jari-hujja da tsarin iko da aka ba da wanda aka gano. Don haka, sun fara yin tawaye ga mafi rauni da waɗanda aka riga aka yi watsi da su da kuma "baƙin waje", bisa ga babban tunanin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne abin da suka koya a rubuce-rubucen wariyar launin fata da son rai marar iyaka da tattaunawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, kamar yadda aka ambata da farko. Wannan ita ce ainihin ma'anar kalmar "tsattsauran ra'ayi na tsakiya": rinjayen akidar jari-hujja, tare da halatta duk wani nau'i na wariya, an tura shi zuwa mafi girman girmansa, nau'in wariyar launin fata. Dukkanin lamarin zai yi matukar hadari yayin da wasu jiga-jigan masu fada a ji suka fara ganin wannan a matsayin wani zabin siyasa mai inganci don kiyaye madafun iko.
Amma akwai ƙari a ciki. Farfadowar siyasar asali, daga kishin kasa zuwa rarrabuwar kawuna, shima ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan rikicin “tsattsauran ra’ayi na tsakiya” da kuma ‘yan tawaye masu bin doka da oda. Lokacin da komai ya rushe a kusa da ku, lokacin da al'umma ke cikin rikici, mutane da yawa sun fara neman wani tushe, wasu tabbatattu. Kuma suna tunanin gano shi a cikin ainihin su, wanda ke ba su damar tunanin tabbataccen tushe na rugujewar al'umma - da kuma korar duk waɗannan abubuwan waje waɗanda ake tunanin su ne masu haddasa rikicin. Don haka haɓakar kishin ƙasa da addinin Islama a cikin shekarun da suka gabata - waɗannan duka akidun rikici ne waɗanda ke ba da damar daukar matakin rashin hankali iri ɗaya. A cikin kasashen Larabawa da ke fama da rikici, akwai addini a matsayin babban karfi na akida a cikin "tsakiya" na waɗannan al'ummomi. Kuma Musulunci yana tafiyar da wannan akida ta addini, wadda ita ce ginshikin asali, zuwa ga wuce gona da iri na akida. Daular Islama a hukumance kungiya ce ta addini-fascist wacce ta kafa tsarin ta'addanci a cikin barnar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Turai, asalin ƙasa shine tushen tushen rikice-rikice na farkisanci - akidun. Don haka, farkisanci na Turawa da Islamacin Larabawa, akidu ne kawai na rikice-rikicen da ba su dace ba.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
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