Insouciant New Yorkers-nan akwai wani bala'i mai jiran gado don kawar da shi tare da halayyar brio! Akwai katon iskar iskar gas mai gudana a ƙasan ƙafãfunku. Tawagar kwararrun masana iskar gas da aka ba da izini kwanan nan don binciken tsarin New York suna da samu Matsayin methane mai girman gaske a wurare a duk faɗin Manhattan, wata bayyananniyar alamar cewa hanyar sadarwa na bututu mai nisan mil 4,320 na Con Ed, tun daga shekarun 1800, ta lalace, cike da ramuka, kuma tana watsa methane cikin yanayi. Babban haɗari a nan shi ne ga duniyar duniya, ba na sirri ba, aminci: ko da yake ba a kula da shi ba, methane, babban bangaren iskar gas, shi ne na biyu kawai ga carbon dioxide a cikin jerin iskar gas da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi.
Wannan labari mara dadi a haƙiƙa ya zo da ɗan mamaki ga waɗanda ke bibiyar batun tuɓewar iskar gas a 'yan watannin nan. Irin wadannan ayoyin sun fara bayyana ne wasu shekaru da suka gabata, lokacin da wani farfesa a jami'ar Boston mai suna Nathan Phillips ya fara kokarin gano yawan iskar gas da ke zubowa daga bututu a Boston. Ya shiga tare da wani tsohon dan kwangilar iskar gas na cikin gida mai suna Bob Ackley, wanda kamfanonin iskar gas suka dauka hayarsa a duk fadin New England don gano yoyon fitsari, wanda ya gano suna da yawa. Yayin da shekaru suka wuce, ya gane cewa ma'aikatansa sun yi la'akari da asarar iskar gas daga adadi mai yawa na ƙananan leaks kawai farashin yin kasuwanci, kuma ya ƙi ɗaukar matakan gyara sai dai idan akwai hadarin fashewa nan da nan. A cikin damuwa, Ackley ya buge kansa a matsayin mai ba da labari, inda ya sami abokin tarayya a Phillips. (Labarin haɗin gwiwa na Phillips da Ackley, matashin ɗan jarida mai suna Phil McKenna ya faɗa sosai a cikin littafin e-book na kwanan nan, tawaye, wanda kuma yana ba da bayanan amfani.)
Saboda tsananin barazanar methane da ke haifar da yanayi, hatsarori na yatsan iskar gas sun wuce haɗarin fashe murfin rami (ko da yake kwanan nan). ma'auni a Washington, DC nuna cewa akwai isassun iskar iskar gas da za ta haifar wa kowane mai tafiya a hankali taka tsantsan wani adadin damuwa). Kuma idan aka yi la'akari da girman matsalar, leken asirin ya ƙalubalanci wasu daga cikin ainihin zato na manufofin makamashin Amurka na yanzu, waɗanda suka amince da iskar gas a matsayin "tsaftace" da yanayin yanayi maimakon mai da kwal.
A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, shugabannin Amurka sun yi alfahari sosai kan yadda kasarmu ta rage fitar da iskar Carbon da take fitarwa, galibi ta hanyar kashe wasu tashohin wutar lantarki na kwal, sakamakon raguwar farashin da ake samu tare da kara samar da iskar gas. Konewa a cikin tashar wutar lantarki, iskar gas tana ba da rabin carbon da kwal yake yi - don haka wasu suna ganinsa a matsayin "man fetur gada" zuwa madadin makamashi. Har ma wasu masana muhalli sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya kamata mu yi watsi da haɗarin samar da ruwa da ke haifar da fracking don samun amfanin carbon.
Matsalar, duk da haka, ita ce methane a ciki rashin konewa iskar gas yana da ƙarfi sau ashirin zuwa ɗari fiye da carbon dioxide a matsayin iskar gas. Wannan ya sa lissafin ya zama mai sauƙi: idan fiye da kashi biyu zuwa uku na iskar gas ya tsere zuwa cikin sararin samaniya yayin tafiya tsakanin wurin hakar shi a cikin ƙasa da makomarsa ta ƙarshe - tanda, tanda, ko wutar lantarki - to, iskar gas yana yin ƙari. lalacewar yanayi fiye da kwal. Wata takarda ta 2011 da wasu masana kimiyya na Cornell suka yi kiyasin cewa yawan zubewar da ake yi a cikin aikin na iya kaiwa kashi huɗu ko biyar, adadin da masana'antar iskar gas ta yi ba'a. Amma a farkon wannan shekarar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa (NOAA) binciken na wani filin iskar gas a Colorado da Utah ya sami ɗigon ruwa kamar kashi 9. Waɗannan lambobin da alama kusan sun yi yawa -Nature ya kira su “kananan hoto”—amma kuma suna auna zubewa ne kawai a lokacin fashe-fashe da famfo. Da zarar an isar da iskar gas zuwa wata hanyar sadarwa irin ta New York, bututun da ke da ramuka a ciki yana kara haifar da matsalar.
Ƙarin methane yana tarawa a cikin yanayi; tashin hankali ya fara ne a cikin 2007. Yayin da wannan ya zo daidai da zuwan fracking, masana kimiyya na NOAA suna tunanin cewa, a halin yanzu, yawancin tashin hankali yana fitowa ne daga karuwar hayaki daga wurare masu zafi, kuma watakila narke Arctic tundra. Duk da haka, sun ce "a cikin dogon lokaci," haɓaka hakowar iskar gas na iya haifar da matsin lamba kan hayakin methane na duniya (musamman idan, kamar yadda ake iya gani, haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar iskar gas na iya bazuwa a duniya.)
Mafi yawan masu ra'ayin manyan kungiyoyin kare muhalli, Asusun Kare Muhalli, ya sanar a wannan lokacin hunturu cewa zai hada kai da Shell, Chevron, da sauransu don ba da tabbacin fashe rijiyoyin, wani bangare na kokarin rage kwararar ruwa. Kungiyoyin kare muhalli na yau da kullun kamar Saliyo Club, da kuma kungiyoyin hana fasa-kwauri na gida (daya daga cikinsu sun biya kudin binciken leak din Manhattan). Sun yi nuni da wata babbar matsala tare da ƙara dogaro da iskar gas mai arha: yana rage sauye-sauye zuwa tushen makamashin sifili kamar wutar lantarki da hasken rana, tare da kulle mu cikin dogaro na dogon lokaci kan albarkatun mai. (Hakika Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya kwanan nan kera Duniyar da ta juyo sosai zuwa iskar "tsabta" kuma ta gano cewa zafinta har yanzu ya tashi 6 digiri Fahrenheit, sakamako mai ban tsoro.)
Hukumar ta EDF na shirin sanar da sakamakon binciken nata a karshen watan Afrilu, mai yiwuwa ta kara wasu alkaluman alkaluman alkaluman fitar iskar gas. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, sabon binciken na Manhattan yana ƙara haɓakar ra'ayi cewa raguwar carbon da aka samu a lokacin da gwamnatin Obama ke goyon bayan karuwar iskar gas na iya zama nasarar Pyrrhic-ko watakila mafi kyawun misali shine cin abinci maras kyau wanda ke rage nauyi da sauri, amma. kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma tare da kashe sauye-sauye na dogon lokaci a cikin amfani da makamashi muna buƙatar ba kanmu dama ta gaske a makoma mai kyau.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi