A ranar Litinin, 28 ga watan Afrilu, kafofin watsa labaran Amurka sun mayar da hankali kan ziyarar Donald Rumsfeld zuwa Bagadaza, yayin da wani lamari mai ban mamaki ya faru a wani gari mai nisan mil 30 daga yamma, inda sojojin Amurka suka bude wuta kan fararen hula na Iraki, inda suka kashe mutane 15 tare da raunata masu zanga-zangar da dama. nuna adawa da mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa garinsu.
Haɗa abin da ya faru a Fallujah yana da wuya; manyan majiyoyin labarai na Amurka suna cin karo da juna kuma sun dogara da majiyoyin soja na hukuma. Amma ana iya samun wasu gaskiya ta hanyar tsantsan tsattsauran ra'ayi na kafofin bugawa daban-daban.
Rahoton sabis na waya yawanci wuri ne mai kyau don farawa. Wakilin Reuters Edmund Blair ne ya gabatar da rahoton farko kai tsaye daga garin Fallujah. Sojojin Amurka sun yi sansani a wata makaranta da ke garin sun harbe masu zanga-zanga 13 bayan sun harba harsasai masu rai a cikin gungun masu zanga-zangar da ba su da makami. Gajeren labarinsa, “U.S. Sojoji sun kashe ‘yan Iraqi akalla 13 – Shaidu,” ya dogara kacokam kan maganganun kai tsaye daga shaidun Iraqi, ciki har da wani malamin Sunna na yankin, wanda ya shaida wa Blair cewa masu zanga-zangar sun je makarantar ne domin neman sojojin Amurka su bar ginin domin a sake bude makarantar. . Malamin ya jaddada cewa zanga-zangar lumana ce kuma babu wani daga cikin masu zanga-zangar da ke dauke da makamai. Labarin ya ƙare da sakin layi ɗaya: “U.S. Jami’an soji ba su ce komai ba nan take. Sai dai gidan talabijin na Aljazeera da ke Qatar ya ruwaito sojojin Amurka na cewa an sha suka ne bayan da suka nemi jama'ar da su watse sannan aka tilasta musu mayar da martani."
Labari na gaba ya zo da labarin Associated Press ta Ellen Knicmeyer, “U.S. Sojoji sun mayar da wuta a zanga-zangar Iraki," wanda, kamar yadda take ya nuna, ya sha wahala wajen gabatar da ra'ayin sojojin Amurka zuwa kusan kawar da duk wani shaidar gani da ido na Iraqi.
Labarin Knickmeyer da alama shine tushen yawan da'awar da ake tambaya game da kisan kiyashin Fallujah. Labarin ya sha yin ikirarin cewa masu zanga-zangar na dauke da makamai kuma sun bude wuta kai tsaye a ginin makarantar, lamarin da ya tilastawa sojojin Amurka da ke makarantar yin harbin baya-bayan nan labarin ya ambaci hakan a sassa bakwai. Sau ɗaya kawai ta ambaci cewa masu zanga-zangar sun ce ba su da makami kuma suna zaman lafiya.
Wani ikirari mai cike da shakku shi ne cewa masu zanga-zangar na murnar zagayowar ranar haihuwar Saddam; Knicmeyer ya dangana wannan maganar ga darektan ayyuka a Babban Rundunar Amurka. Ta ci gaba da yin nata tunanin game da manufofin masu zanga-zangar a wannan daren: “…ya bayyana rikicin al’adu, aƙalla, ya shiga hannu…Mazauna sun sha yin tir da yadda mambobin bataliyan ke amfani da binoculars da tabarau na hangen dare. Suna zargin sojoji da yi wa mata leken asiri daga benaye da rufin makarantar.” Ah, waɗancan ƴaƴan musulman masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi - kusan zaku iya jin tana tunanin haka yayin da take rubutawa. Har ila yau, ta bayyana Fallujah da gaske a matsayin, "birni da aka dade ana la'akari da shi a matsayin kakkarfan goyon bayan Saddam da kuma wuraren masana'antu da ake zargi da hannu a shirye-shiryen haramtacciyar makamai" (kada ku manta da cewa ba a sami wata shaida ba) kuma a matsayin "Baath Party" mai karfi. mun manta cewa masu zanga-zangar ne ke da alhakin mutuwar nasu.
Har ila yau, ta yi ikirari da ikirarin sojojin Amurka cewa, lokacin da masu zanga-zangar suka koma cikin taku 10 na katangar makarantar, wasu mutanen Iraqi uku a kan rufin wani gini "kusa da" sun fara harba makamai. Dakarun na Amurka sun ce, wannan kyalkyalawar bakin ne ya sa suka fara harbe-harbe a cikin taron. Ba ta ma ƙoƙarin daidaita sabanin da ke tsakanin 'yan bindigar Iraqi a kan rufin rufin gidaje, kuma, a mayar da martani, sojojin Amurka sun yi harbi a ƙasa, cikin wani titi da ke cike da masu zanga-zanga.
Knickmeyer na ba da labari a ƙarshe ya zo kan gaba, duk da haka, lokacin da ta ambata, kusa da ƙarshen labarinta, "Babu ramukan harsashi daga wuta mai shigowa da aka bayyana a makarantar, kodayake sojoji sun ce an harba tagogi." Lura cewa kallon da ta yi kai tsaye na cewa babu wani harsashi a bangon makarantar ya ji dadi saboda tabbacin da sojojin Amurka suka yi na cewa masu zanga-zangar Iraki ne suka harbo tagogin ba wai sojojin da kansu suka fasa ba domin su yi amfani da wannan damar. windows don harbi matsayi.
Ta kuma lura cewa sojojin Amurka "sun harba makamai masu linzami na tsawon mintuna 20 zuwa 30." Wannan ƴan ƙaramar ƙwaƙƙwaran na kusa da ƙarshen labarinta, yayin da a farkon labarinta, ta sake maimaita maganar banza cewa sojojin Amurka “sun buɗe wuta kan masu ɗauke da makamai ne kawai.” Hakan dai ya ci karo da juna ne a lokacin da ta nakalto daraktan babban asibitin Fallujah da ya ce uku daga cikin wadanda suka mutu yara ne masu shekaru 8 zuwa 10.
Sauran labarin da jaridun gida a duk faɗin ƙasar za su karɓa kuma su sake buga su daga New York Times: “U.S. Sojoji sun yi luguden wuta kan masu zanga-zangar Iraki, inda suka kashe mutane 15," na Ian Fisher. Labarin Times ya kasance mafi daidaito a cikin adadin kafofin da aka nakalto daga kowane bangare. Fisher, duk da haka, ya sake maimaita hujjar cewa masu zanga-zangar na dauke da makamai kuma suna bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwar Saddam Hussein.
Fisher ya haɗa da ƴan ƙarin cikakkun bayanai waɗanda Knickmeyer ya rasa. Misali, mun gano cewa masu zanga-zangar sun fara tsayawa a hedkwatar wani rukunin sojojin Amurka da ke unguwar Nazzal kafin su wuce zuwa makarantar. Fisher ya ambato kyaftin din rundunar Mike Riedmuller, wanda ya ce wasu mutanen da ke cikin taron sun harba bindigogi sama, amma dakarunsa ba su yi harbi a cikin taron ba saboda ba a harbe su kai tsaye ba. Ba su ji barazana ba. Daga nan Fisher ya ce gungun mutanen sun zarce zuwa ginin makarantar, inda suka ci gaba da harba bindigogin su sama. Daga nan ne, a cewar sojojin Amurka da ke ginin makarantar, “karin wasu mutane dauke da bindigogi” sun fito daga gidajen da ke kan titi suka fara harbin sojojin Amurka. Lura cewa mutanen ukun da ke saman rufin da ke kusa da su sun koma mutane da yawa dauke da bindigogi a cikin gidajen da ke kan titi.
Fisher ya kuma ce labarin na biyu na ginin makarantar an yi shi ne da ramukan harsashi, yawancinsu da alama sun fito ne daga kananan bindigogi, kuma akwai karin ramuka rabin dozin a bangon siminti na makarantar” – wanda ya saba wa abin da Knickmeyer ya ruwaito. Fisher ya kuma kara da cewa sojojin Amurka "sun kwato bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu guda tara, bindigu biyu da harsasai 2,000 daga gidajen da ke kan titi, kuma rufin ya cika da harsashi da aka kashe" - karin shaida da za ta nuna masu harbi a kan rufin ba a cikin taron, inda sojojin Amurka suka yi musu wuta. (Har ila yau, bindigogi suna da yawa a Iraki, inda $25 za su iya siyan AK-47 da aka wawashe a kasuwar cikin gida; hakika, 'yan Iraki da yawa sun yi amfani da makamai don kare gidajensu daga masu fashi.)
Dangane da dalilin da ya sa masu zanga-zangar suka kasance a makarantar, Fisher ya buga misali da tabarau na hangen dare, amma kuma ya kara da cewa mazauna yankin sun fusata da sojojin Amurka saboda nuna hotunan batsa ga yaran Iraki.
Siga na biyu na labarin Fisher mai suna “U.S. Sojoji Sun Kona Masu Zanga-zangar Iraqi, Sun Mutu 15, "An sake gyara sosai don ba da fifiko ga irin abubuwan da suka faru a Amurka. Ya maye gurbin yawancin shaidun gani da ido na Iraqis da maganganu daga majiyoyin hukuma a Babban Rundunar Amurka.
The Washington Post ("Sojoji sun kashe masu zanga-zangar adawa da Amurka," na Rajiv Chandrasekaran) a fili yana shimfida tsarin lokaci a wannan dare. Wasu gungun mutane 100 ne suka taru don yin zanga-zanga a ofishin magajin gari da karfe 7:30 na yamma. kuma wasunsu na dauke da bindigu, suna harbin iska. Kungiyar ta watse bayan da sojojin Amurka suka yi musu gargadi da lasifika. Daga baya, ƙungiya ta biyu ta taru a ofishin kwamandan na Nazzal. Bugu da kari, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da lasifika wajen tarwatsa taron. Bayan haka, da misalin karfe 9 na dare, rukuni na uku kuma na karshe ya taru a ginin makarantar, amma a wannan karon jama'ar sun kasance "masu hayaniya, amma ba su da makami," a cewar shaidun Iraki.
Masu zanga-zangar a rukuni na uku sun bukaci sojoji su bar makarantar domin a ci gaba da karatu, kuma yayin da wasu mazaje masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin taron suka koka kan abin duban dare, Chandrasekaran ya bayyana karara cewa ya zama ruwan dare ga matan Iraki su kwana. waje a kan rufin rufin cikin yanayin zafi. Daga wannan bayani mai sauƙi, mai karatu zai iya ɗauka cewa watakila akwai wani abu a cikin korafe-korafen masu zanga-zangar.
Chandrasekaran ya ruwaito cewa, wasu shaidu uku sun ce sun ga wasu daga cikin masu zanga-zangar suna harbi iska a lokacin da suke kusa da makarantar, duk da cewa babu wanda ya ce ya ga wani ya harbe shi kai tsaye a makarantar… sojoji, wadanda suka fara harbin masu zanga-zangar. Wasu kuma sun dage cewa harbe-harben da Amurka ta yi ba ta da tushe balle makama, sai dai wasu duwatsun da aka jifa a kan kofar makarantar.”
Za a iya samun wasu ragi daga wasu tushe. Jaridar LA Times ta ruwaito cewa mazauna garin Fallujah sun fusata da sojojin ba wai kawai sun kwace wata makaranta ba, har ma da cire teburan makaranta tare da tara su a kan titi domin yin amfani da shingayen hanya ("Tense Standoff between Troops and Iraqis Erupts in Bloodshed"). Michael Slackman). A cikin wannan labarin, Slackman ya ba da hoton Fallujah a matsayin tukunyar foda, tare da wasu ƴan sojojin Amurka da ke kula da: "a sirri, sojoji sun ce ana harbe su akai-akai, da jifa da jifa. Sun ce harin da aka kai da daddare ranar Litinin shi ne na karshe.”
Slackman ya kuma ambaci cewa sojojin Amurka sun kwato makamai daga gidajen da ke kan titin, amma kuma ya ce, "Sun ƙi nuna makaman ko casings ga manema labarai" - wani muhimmin bayani da aka bari daga duka labaran AP da New York Times. Slackman ya kuma rubuta cewa ginin makarantar “ba shi da alamun harsashi.”
Akwai wani mai ba da rahoto na Yamma a Fallujah wanda labarinsa ya ba da wasu ƙarin cikakkun bayanai: Phil Reeves na jaridar Birtaniya The Independent ("Aƙalla 10 sun mutu yayin da sojojin Amurka suka yi harbi a kan zanga-zangar makaranta"). Reeves ya bayar da rahoton cewa, wasu shaidun gani da ido sun ga mutanen da ke cikin taron dauke da bindigogi suna ta harbin iska. Sannan Reeves ya ambato wasu 'yan Iraki hudu da suka jikkata wadanda suka ce babu bindiga a cikin taron. Don daidaita waɗannan lissafin guda biyu masu cin karo da juna, Reeves ya dubi shaidar zahiri. Ya rubuta cewa, “babu wani ramukan harsashi da ake gani a gaban ginin makarantar ko kuma alamun tashin gobara. Wurin ba shi da alama. Akasin haka, gidajen da ke gaba da lambobi 5, 7, 9, da 13–an huda su da wutan bindiga, wanda ya yage ƙullun siminti mai girman hannu da huda mai zurfi kamar tsayin alkalami. Da aka tambaye shi ya bayyana rashin ramukan harsashi, Lt-Col Nantz ya ce gobarar Iraqi ta mamaye kawunan sojojin. An kai mu mu ga ramukan harsashi guda biyu a wata tagar sama da wasu alamomi a bango, amma suna wani gefen ginin makarantar.”
Don haka muna da manema labarai guda uku waɗanda ba su ga ramukan harsashi ba (Knickmeyer, Slackman, da Reeves) da kuma wanda ya yi (Fisher), kodayake rabin dozin ne ko makamancin haka. Haka kuma Fisher bai gaya mana wani ɓangare na ginin ya ci gaba da ramukan harsashi ba, kamar yadda Reeves ke yi. Kalaman Reeves daga Laftanar-Col Nantz na cewa makaman da suka mamaye kan sojojin zai fi dacewa da mutanen da ke harba makamansu kai tsaye zuwa sama ba kai tsaye ga sojojin Amurka da ke cikin ginin ba. Dukansu Reeves da Slackman sun bayyana yanayin tashin hankali a Fallujah, inda mazauna garin suka rika jifan sojojin da suka mamaye. Slackman ya ba da shawarar cewa sojojin Amurka sun kama bayan kwanaki, idan ba makonni ba, na tashin hankali. 'Yan jarida hudu (Blair, Chandrasekaran, Slackman, da Reeves) duk sun bayar da rahoton cewa babban burin masu zanga-zangar ba shine sake bude makarantar su ba, bukatu mai ma'ana ta cika da karfi mara kyau.
Shaidar ta zahiri da alama tana goyan bayan kammalawar cewa, kodayake zanga-zangar ta kasance "mai ban tsoro" tare da wasu 'yan mahalarta dauke da makamai masu linzami da suka harba a cikin iska, sojojin Amurka sun yi fushi kuma suka fesa taron mutane da yawa marasa makami da muggan makamai masu sarrafa kansu. "watse taron jama'a" - dabarar da yakamata ta cancanci abin da ya faru a Fallujah a matsayin laifin yaki.
Karin labarai daga Maria Tomchick
Karin labarai kan mamayar Amurka a Iraki
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