Tun kafin a gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da AfD a duk fadin Jamus. haramtawa jam'iyyar Neo-Nazi da tafi magana a Jamus, da AFD, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi zazzafan muhawara al'amurra.
Abin takaici, wasu daga Neo-Nazis na Jamus suna da wayo da gaske. Na hannun dama ya san yadda za a yi amfani da mafi rauni a cikin dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi. Don haka, akidun gargajiya kamar son son zuciya da tsattsauran ra'ayin kishin kasa wadanda suka saba bayyana tsattsauran ra'ayi na hannun dama na Jamus, sun dauki wani dan karamin matsayi.
Duk da haka, da alama ƙungiyoyin farar hula sun farka game da haɗarin neofascism na Jamus. An yi zanga-zangar adawa da jama'a AfD a duk faɗin Jamus - na tsawon watanni. Masu zanga-zangar 100,000 sun yi tattaki cikin launin toka, sanyi, da ruwan sama a Munich a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2024. Kuma ba su kadai ba.
Zanga-zangar, wacce aka kwashe watanni ana gudanar da ita, ta kuma kona sama da mutane miliyan biyu, ta faru ne sakamakon zanga-zangar tunanin kora Neo-Nazi AfD. Dubban daruruwan mutane a cikin ƙananan birane har ma a cikin tsohuwar Jamus ta Gabas - gaskiya karfi na AfD - ci gaba da nuna adawa da farkisanci da tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama.
A halin da ake ciki dai masana da dama suna tattaunawa kan ko kuma yadda ake yin barazana ga dimokiradiyyar AfD. Wadannan masana da ma talakawan kasar suna binciko hanyoyin da za a bi wajen tunkarar barazanar wanzuwar ‘yan ta’adda. Al'ummar Jamus, a ƙarshe, sun damu da gaske.
Ba da dadewa ba, ya zama kamar idan AfD za ta tashi daga nasarar zabe zuwa nasara a zabuka masu muhimmanci guda uku da aka tsara a shekarar 2024.
Duk da haka, wasu masu lura da al'amuran yau da kullun suna fargaba - har ma a yanzu tare da babban gangami a kowane karshen mako - cewa ra'ayin yin adawa da shi. mai nisa dama, wanda za a maimaita kuma a sake maimaita shi a karshen mako mai zuwa, ya rasa ainihin matsalar gaba ɗaya. Wadannan masharhanta na tarihi sun yi nuni da cewa tunkarar ‘yan Nefascists, da fito da gardama a kansu, da kuma kalubalantar tashin hankalinsu, a gaskiya, motsa jiki ne na banza.
Wannan shi ne saboda fasikanci na gaskiya game da wani abu ne gaba ɗaya. Yana da game da lalata dimokuradiyya da gangan. Abin takaici, dimokuradiyya masu sassaucin ra'ayi na ba abokan gabansu goyon bayan doka da kariya saboda suna ba su hakkokin da ake ba wa masu kare dimokuradiyya.
The makiya dimokuradiyya za su yi amfani da tallafin kudi da hukumomi da dimokuradiyya ke ba su wajen yaki da dimokuradiyya. Za su yi amfani da ofisoshinsu da ma’aikatan tallafi da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinsu wajen lalata duk wata alaka ta dimokuradiyya.
A lokaci guda, ƙawata kamannin da aka bayar latsa mai tausayi da kuma wasu oligarchs, na hannun dama yana tabbatar da cewa ya bayyana - a fili - a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa mara kyau. Zuwa ga bare, AfD ta Jamus ba a siffanta shi da husuma na cikin gida, sabani, da ma'auni biyu.
A halin yanzu, al'ummomin dimokuradiyya sun dogara da ƙungiyoyin farar hula masu fafitika, cibiyoyi masu aiki, da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafawa waɗanda ke da ikon kare dimokuradiyya.
Neo-fascists irin su Martin Sellner da kuma Björn Höcke ku sani cewa al'ummomin dimokuradiyya suna da rauni. Suna amfani da waɗannan wuraren ta hanyar da aka yi niyya sosai.
A halin yanzu, fushin halin yanzu game da lokacin Neo-Nazi hijira ya dace. Koyaya, yana zuwa a ɗan makara. Neo-Nazis na Jamus da kuma mai ganewaMai magana da yawun, Sellner, dan kasar Ostiriya, sun dade suna ingiza akidarsu ta Neo-Nazi.
Haka za a iya cewa game da Höcke, malamin tarihi kuma ma'aikacin jiha wanda za'a iya kiransa da 'yan fashin teku a hukumance. Sellner da Höcke suna magana da rubutu game da akidar Neo-Nazi tsawon shekaru. Dukansu, da AfD, suna amfani da su pop da net al'adu don yada akidarsu ta gaskiya zuwa ga gungun marasa hankali na lemmings da ke bin su.
Masu hannun dama na Jamus ba su taɓa yin watsi da su ba ko kuma sun yi watsi da akidarsu ta nuna wariyar launin fata, farar fata da völkisch. Lokacin da suke amfani da kalmar "völkisch”, suna nufin kawar da duk wanda suka yi imani shi ne ba Aryan ba. Suna nufin wasan kwaikwayo na Dachau da Auschwitz – ba tare da taba cewa da babbar murya ba shakka.
Wani mutumin kuma wanda yake da tsarin tunani ɗaya shine mawallafin Neo-Nazi Götz Kubitschek. Shi da sauran su, sun shafe shekaru suna aikin tabarbarewar dimokuradiyya.
Sun kuma nuna yunƙurin cimma burinsu: rusa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Domin hanyoyinsu da dabarun sun fi wayo, da alama suna aiki.
Su, da masu ba da shawara na PR marasa fuska, sun san yadda za su iya haɗa al'adun pop da kan layi tare da akidar da ke da alaƙa da farkisanci na tarihi.
Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin fasaha suna nufin lalata tsarin dimokuradiyya da rugujewa. Ya zuwa yanzu, nasarorin da suka samu a zaben ya tabbatar da cewa dabarunsu na aiki yadda ya kamata. Masu fafutuka na dama ba sa buƙatar madaidaicin shiri.
Kuma duk da haka, manazarta suna shiga cikin aikin ilimi kuma mara amfani na ƙoƙarin rarraba shi Shirin jam'iyyar AfD. Ba shi da amfani kamar jayayya da Mengele in Auschwitz yayin da yake shirya ku akan tebur don yin tiyata ba tare da anestetiiki ba. Cikakkun bayanai na shirin jam'iyyar AfD ya rasa ma'anar gaba daya.
Burin masu hannun dama shi ne mamaye fagen siyasa da dandamali na kan layi tare da rashin tausayi, datti na wariyar launin fata don lalata al'adun dimokiradiyya har abada:
- sun sanya rashin kunya a wurin ruhin demokradiyya;
- sun sanya motsin wariyar launin fata a cikin wurin tausayawa;
- suna raunana ko kuma, zai fi dacewa su kawar da iyakoki tsakanin gaskiya da karya;
- suna dusar da al’umma ta gane gaskiya;
- suna aiki zuwa ga cikakkiyar jujjuya al'adun dimokuradiyya; kuma,
- suna tasbihi wani nihilism wanda ba ya nisantar da shi wuce haddi of tashin hankali.
A halin yanzu, abubuwa da yawa - yakin Ukrainian, dorewa, dumamar yanayi, da dai sauransu - suna wasa a hannun 'yan rajin kare hakkin jama'a daga dama. "sansanin fascist" – kamar yadda aka sani a Jamus. A cikin sharuddan tarihi, bayan yakin duniya na biyu na ayyukan kwantar da hankula na Neo-Nazis a lokacin rabin na biyu na 20th karni ya kare. Neo-Nazis na yau suna da ƙarfi.
Reactionary anti-zamani ya dawo a cikin 21st karni a cikin taki mai ban sha'awa. Sakamakon nasarar da AfD ta samu a baya-bayan nan, yana da wuya a amince da makomar dimokuradiyya.
AfD na iya yin amfani da gaskiyar cewa muna rayuwa a cikin duniya mai sarƙaƙƙiya da ke canzawa cikin sauri kuma wanda haɗin gwiwar duniya ya bar ko da kwararrun masu lura da al'amura.
Mutane da yawa ba za su iya ƙara fahimtar rikitattun rayuwa a cikin 21 bast karni. Wannan yana sa da wuya a kasance da gaba gaɗi a nan gaba. Wannan ya haɗa da ma'auni na ɓacin rai na rikicin yanayi na duniya.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu da tsammanin mutane na gaba kuma suna haifar da wani yanayi na damuwa. Ana amfani da duhun da ke gabatowa tare da Babban Ƙarya na yadda jagora mai ƙarfi zai sake sa gaba ta zama mai haske da daraja.
Kowa ya gane cewa ma'aunin dumamar yanayi na duniya yana buƙatar mafita waɗanda dole ne a amince da su a duk duniya. A cikin duniyar da ke da hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, mutanen Kudancin Duniya ba kawai sun san irin barnar da turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi a baya ba, har ma da sakamakon dogaro da tattalin arzikin da ake samu a yau da kuma yanayin rayuwa mara misaltuwa a kasashen Arewa.
Dama can Jamus na amfani da duk waɗannan yankuna ta hanyar injin farfaganda na hannun dama. Bots da asusun kafofin watsa labarun karya suna ba da sauƙi crypto-masu warware matsaloli masu rikitarwa, haɗe tare da ɗimbin maƙarƙashiyar ƙiyayya waɗanda ke bayyana don kai hari ga mutane na yau da kullun kuma suna jefa rayuwarsu cikin haɗari.
Jam'iyyar Green mai rajin kare muhalli ta Jamus tana sane da illolin sauyin yanayi da kyama ga mata da marasa galihu a cikin al'umma don haka ta ba da shawarar a kawo sauyi ga manufofin yanzu.
Irin wannan sauyi a cikin al'umma, tare da tunani mai zurfi, karin karimci ga na waje, idan har ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'umma, zai kawar da akidar Nefascist gaba daya.
Dama mai nisa saboda haka aikin injiniya ƙiyayya ce da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba ga Greens. Wannan yana bayyane musamman akan layi. An yi tallar abin da ake so na abin da ake kira "rikicin da ke wanzuwa" a matsayin yana nan tafe.
Ga masu fasikanci na dama kamar Höcke da Trump wannan shine lokacin da suke jira saboda a shirye suke su fara. raguwa na yamma - sake. Kamar yadda Goebbels ya taɓa faɗi: “Ba za ku iya canza talakawa ba. Za su kasance iri ɗaya koyaushe: bebe, ɗiya da mantuwa.”
Masu mulki suna yin hakan ne kawai don matsananciyar buƙatar tunani don tabbatar da rayuwarsu ta siyasa da riƙon iko. A gare su - masu adawa da tsarin dimokuradiyya - gaskiyar cewa tattaunawar dimokuradiyya sau da yawa tana da ban sha'awa da kuma tayar da hankali, ya zama shaida na imaninsu cewa mulkin demokra] iyya yana da rauni - wanda suke kallo a matsayin gurɓatacce, a cikin ma'anar gurɓatacce, rashin lafiya. nakasassu, don haka a yarda a kashe shi, kamar yadda aka yi naƙasassu a zamanin Nazi.
A halin yanzu suna da'awar - a matsayin masu ra'ayin dama na gaskiya - don yin magana don a rinjayen shiru, ko kuma kamar yadda suke kira da Jamusanci: da Volk. Ga Jamusawa da yawa kalmar Volk tana nufin kawai mutane, amma ga Neo-Nazis, AfD, da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama na Jamus yana nufin Volksgemeinschaft, al'ummar masu son mulki da suka yi imani da kuskure suna da wani abu da ya kasance "Aryan."
Tsohon Tricky Dicky Nixon ya yi amfani da dabarun sadarwa iri ɗaya, wanda aka sani da kare kare, don aika saƙon da ba a tantance ba ga ƴan wariyar launin fata a Kudancin Kudu don samun kuri'unsu.
Ainihin manufar ba ita ce hada kai ta dimokuradiyya ba, sai dai rugujewar mulkin dimokuradiyya. Wani nau'i ne na duhun tawaye da tsagewar zamani. An fassara fargabarta zuwa goyon baya ga masu hannun dama. Dama mai nisa ba shi da ra'ayi ko shiri don gina makoma mai nasara, kuma ba su yi alkawarin ɗaya ba. Babu bukata.
A maimakon haka, suna fitar da bacin rai da bacin rai game da munanan tunanin demokradiyya. Sun kuma yi alƙawarin kariya, yawanci daga abokan gaba na waje, kamar yadda ake iya samu a halin yanzu a cikin baƙin haure da ke neman mafaka, a ɗumamar duniya, a cikin Covid-19. A ciki siyasar tsoro, duk wani tsohon dalili zai yi.
Abin da ake nufi shi ne: "Kai ba komai bane, Volk ɗinka shine komai." Wannan shi ne yadda Nazis na 1930s suka tsara shi. Ta'addanci ne daga ƙasa - an ƙirƙira shi daga sama. Nazism, farkisanci, da kuma Neo-Nazism al'amura ne na sama-sama.
Sakamakon haka, na hannun dama yana jin haushin mutane da yawa zanga-zanga da tattaunawar da ake yi a yanzu saboda su zo daga kasa.
Suna kuma jin haushin su saboda suna adawa da na hannun dama da AfD. Duk wadannan gangamin jama’a abin takaici ba za su magance matsalar a tushenta ba.
A wasu kalmomi, haɗin gwiwar dimokraɗiyya na iya yin tasiri tare da wani a cikin dimokuradiyya - wanda ke karantawa daga littafin wasa ɗaya. I
t ba zai iya tasiri tare da wanda yake ba matattu sun shirya domin ruguza dimokradiyya. Tunda wannan shine manufar AfD, mutane suna ƙara ba da shawarar hana AfD.
Ba kowa ba ne face über-Nazi Yusuf Goebbels wanda ya bayyana hakan a fili a cikin shekarar 1935, lokacin da yake cewa:
Das wird immer einer der besten Witze der Demokraty bleiben, dass sie ihren Todfeinden mutu Mittel selbst stellte, durch mutu sie vernichtet wurde. Ka yi la'akari da Führer der NSDAP traten als Abgeordnete in den Genuss der Immunität, der Diäten und der Freifahrkarte. Dadurch waren sie vor dem polizeilichen Zugriff gesichert, durften sich zu sagen erlauben als gewöhnliche Staatsbürger und ließen sich außerdem die Kosten ihrer Tätigkeit vom Feinde bezahlen. Aus der demokratischen Dummheit ließ sich vortrefflich Kapital schlagen.
A koyaushe za ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyawun raha na dimokuradiyya wanda ta samar da makiya na mutuwa da hanyoyin da aka lalata ta. Shugabannin NSDAP da aka tsananta, a matsayin wakilai, sun ji daɗin rigakafi, abinci da tikitin kyauta. A sakamakon haka, an kare su daga shiga jami'an 'yan sanda, an ba su damar cewa kansu a matsayin 'yan kasa na yau da kullum, kuma, makiya sun biya kudaden ayyukansu. Yana yiwuwa a yi kyakkyawan babban jari daga ciki dimokuradiyya wauta.
Dimokuradiyya ba ta buƙatar yin kuskure iri ɗaya sau biyu (1933 da 2024). Yawan mutane - a zahiri 800,000 - suna ba da shawarar haramta AfD.
A ko'ina cikin Jamus, kiraye-kirayen daukar matakin shari'a kan AfD na ci gaba da ruruwa. A kwanan nan binciken ya nuna cewa ba kasa da zababbun 'yan siyasa 49 a shirye suke su yi nazari da gaske kan fara matakin shari'a na haramta AfD ba.
Yunkurin na baya-bayan nan yana goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa membobin AfD sun gana da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama da sauran Neo-Nazis a wani otal kusa da Potsdam - Farashin 2.0 - don tattauna tsare-tsaren don korar jama'a na mutanen da ke da asalin bakin haure daga Jamus.
Har ila yau, AfD na son korar wadanda ta ke ganin ba su hade ba, watau ba su dace da Volksgemeinschaft ba. Donald trump yana karantawa daga littafin wasa ɗaya.
Dangane da taron jama'a na baya-bayan nan kan AfD, tambayar sanya AfD ta haramtacciyar hanya - "verboten" ko haram - ta karu a cikin 'yan makonnin nan. Tambaya ce ta, "Yaya mafi kyawun yaƙar AfD?"
A gaskiya ma, majalisar dokokin Bundestag (majalisar dokoki) da Bundesrat (majalisar dattijai) da kuma kotun tsarin mulkin Jamus za su iya fara aiwatar da tsarin haramta AfD.
Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke hana jam'iyyar siyasa suna da matukar wahala a shawo kansu. Damuwar ita ce, duk abin zai iya faruwa ba daidai ba. An yi sau ɗaya a baya lokacin da kotun koli ta yi watsi da haramtawa tsohuwar jam'iyyar Neo-Nazi ta Jamus. Farashin NPD.
Daga karshe aka narkar da su. NPD ta sake suna Heimat [ƙasar gida] kuma ba ta taka wata rawa a Jamus. Membobinta sun koma AfD cikin murna.
Kamar dai tsohuwar NPD, AfD jam'iyya ce mai tsananin wariyar launin fata da rashin tausayi. Don haka, mutane da yawa sun goyi bayan yin gwaji na kud da kud don fara hanyoyin haramtawa. Tabbas mutane da yawa kuma suna tunanin cewa ko da nasarar da aka yi na hana AfD ba zai zama isasshiyar mafita ba don tinkarar Neo-Nazism a cikin karkashin Jamus.
A halin da ake ciki, 'yan majalisar dokokin jam'iyyun demokaradiyya sun fara hada kai a majalisar dokokin Jamus ta Bundestag, da nufin tabbatar da yiwuwar samun nasarar haramcin.
Wasu sun riga sun yanke shawarar "tafi Karlsruhe." Karlsruhe shine inda kotun tsarin mulkin tarayya take. Dokokin sun bayyana cewa kashi biyar (5%) na mambobin majalisar dokoki ta Bundestag sun isa su sanya batun hana AfD cikin ajanda a majalisar. Hakan na nufin ba a kara bukatar ‘yan majalisa 37 ba.
Waɗannan 37 na iya buƙatar gwamnatin tarayya ta Jamus ta bincika yuwuwar yuwuwar samun nasara don dakatarwa. A gefe guda kuma, ita kanta Bundestag na iya yanke shawarar neman dakatarwa. A mataki na biyu, kudurin fara haramcin ya zama tilas ne ya lashe rinjayen 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar kan lamarin.
Goyon baya ga haramcin AfD ya fi yaɗu a tsakanin mambobin jam'iyyar SPD mai ra'ayin demokraɗiyya, da Greens mai ra'ayin muhalli da kuma 'yar gurguzu Die Linke. Ba kamar yadda ake yaduwa a tsakanin 'yan majalisar dokokin CDU/CSU masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na FDP masu sassaucin ra'ayi ba.
Ba abin mamaki ba, ra'ayin haramta AfD yana samun goyon bayan 'yan majalisa da suka fito gabashin Jamus fiye da wadanda suka fito daga jihohin yamma.
Wannan na iya zama saboda AfD ya fi karfi a ciki tsohuwar jihohin DDR idan aka kwatanta da na yammaci don haka yana gabatar da ƙarin kalubale ga jam'iyyun dimokuradiyya a can.
A bayyane yake, goyon bayan haramta AfD ya fi yawa a tsakanin mambobin majalisar da suka fito daga iyalai da ke da asalin bakin haure fiye da wadanda ba su da. Wani memba na jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi daga Thuringia, alal misali, kwanan nan ya ce:
Ina da matukar jin kai game da haramcin AfD. An rarraba jam'iyyar a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Thuringia. Duk mun fahimci yadda AfD ke da haɗari. Koyaya, hanyar hana AfD dole ne ta sami damar yin nasara.
Bisa dalilai da yawa, babu tabbas ko 'yan majalisar za su hada kai a bayan wani kudurin hadin gwiwa a dukkanin kungiyoyin siyasa na haramta AfD. Idan har akwai kudirin haramta jam'iyyar AfD, za ta kuma bukaci kashi biyu bisa uku na 'yan majalisar dattawa. Kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus - da ake kira Basic Law – in ji a cikin labarin 21 sakin layi na 2:
(2) Jam'iyyun da, saboda manufarsu ko halayen mabiyansu, ke neman lalata ko soke tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya na 'yanci ko kuma yin barazana ga wanzuwar Tarayyar Jamus, ba za su saba wa tsarin mulki ba.
'Yan majalisar da dama dai sun hakikance cewa, a koda yaushe jam'iyyar AfD tana karya ka'idar mutunta bil'adama, wadda ita ce ginshikin tsarin mulkin demokradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi na Jamus. Suna ganin cewa ya zama wajibi jihar ta dauki mataki akan hakan. Me ainihin duk wannan ke nufi ya kasance ba a fayyace ba.
Bayan haka, an daɗe sosai tun bayan da kotun kolin Jamus ta haramta jam'iyyar siyasa. Ya haramtawa Nazi-remake kira Jam'iyyar Socialist Reich (SRP) a shekara ta 1952, kuma ta haramta Jam’iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Jamus a shekara ta 1956. Mambobin jam’iyyar SRP sun ƙunshi mutanen da suka gina sansanonin taro. 'Yan kwaminisanci na KPD sun kasance fursunoni a cikin waɗannan sansanonin fursunoni.
A cikin 2003 da 2017, shari'o'i biyu na adawa da NPD mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ya gaza. Na farko (2003) ya kasance saboda kurakuran tsari. A karo na biyu (2017), jam'iyyar ta zama maras muhimmanci don aiwatar da dokar. A yau, babu wanda zai iya jayayya da haka AfD ba shi da mahimmanci sabili da haka zai iya kauce wa haramcin a kan waɗannan dalilai.
Bayanan bayanai da shafukan yanar gizo a cikin Jamusanci waɗanda ke bayani da ƙarfafa haramta AfD: Cibiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Jamus; Siyasa Schönheit; Gangamin
Thomas Klikauer shine marubucin wallafe-wallafe sama da 950 ciki har da littafi akan Madadin für Deutschland: AfD - buga ta Jami'ar Liverpool Press.
Danny Antonelli ya girma a Amurka, yanzu yana zaune a Hamburg, Jamus kuma ya rubuta rediyo, labaru kuma kwararren marubuci ne kuma liberttist.
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