THE AFL-CIO na iya yin bikin cika shekaru hamsin tare da rarrabuwa. Kuri'ar da aka yi ta cece-kuce kan shawarar sake fasalin da aka yi a taron kwamitin zartarwa na tarayya a watan Maris, ta kafa matakin fafatawar karshe a babban taron watan Yuli a Chicago. Ga alama kungiyar ma'aikatan hidima ta kasa da kasa (SEIU) ta shirya yin tir da lamarin bayan da shugabannin kungiyoyin suka kada kuri'ar baiwa shugabanninta izinin dakile. Amma duk da haka dubawa na kusa yana nuna bambanci tsakanin manyan sansanoni biyu na aiki ya zama kunkuntar.
Ainihin, shawarar da Shugaban SEIU Andrew Stern da Shugaban Teamster James Hoffa ke da niyyar sake fasalin tarayyar ta hanyar da za ta ba da ramuwa ga ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa don musanya don tsara sabbin membobin. Shirin ya nuna ra'ayin da yawa daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyoyin cewa babban tsarin mulki na AFL-CIO, wanda aka ƙirƙira a zamanin “Babban Labour†a shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960 lokacin da ɗaya cikin ukun ma'aikata ke cikin ƙungiyoyi, yana ɗauke da mataccen nauyi yayin da ƙungiyoyin ke ci gaba da yin aiki. raguwa. Shugaban AFL-CIO John Sweeney da kansa an tilasta masa fuskantar wannan gaskiyar a watan Mayu, lokacin da hukumar ta sanar da manyan korafe-korafe da rage kasafin kudi.
Lambobi masu wuya sun bayyana dalilin. Ƙungiyoyi a yau suna wakiltar kashi 7.8 cikin 1900 na ma'aikata a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu - adadi mai kama da farkon shekarun 12.5' kuma kawai kashi XNUMX cikin dari gaba ɗaya. A cikin shekara ta uku na farfadowar tattalin arziki, ƙungiyoyin kamfanonin jiragen sama, da motoci, da na sararin samaniya ana taƙama da su don ba da biliyoyin kuɗi.
Har ila yau, asarar ayyukan yi ya shafi kungiyoyin kwadago a yankin inda ba za su iya samun koma-baya ba – ‘yan Kudu’ inda akasarin masana’antar masaku ta rufe ta fuskar shigo da kaya cikin arha ko kuma kaura zuwa ketare. North Carolina ta rasa ayyukan kungiyar 14,000, wanda ya bar mambobin kungiyar 97,000 ne kawai a jihar. Da kaso 2.7 na ma’aikata a kungiyoyin kwadago, jihar ce ta fi kowace kasa a cikin kungiyoyin kwadago a kasar. Texas ta yi asarar ayyukan ƙungiyar 41,000 kuma tana da yawan ƙungiyoyin kashi 5 kawai. gazawar Labour wajen tsara Kudus sakamakon tsarkakewarta na Hagu a shekarun 1950 da rashin son tarihi na tunkarar abin da aka gada na bauta da kuma rarrabuwar kawuna na Jim Crow– na ci gaba da gurgunta kungiyoyin. A yau, jihohi goma sha ɗaya na tsohuwar ƙungiyar masu rike da bayi suna da yawan ƙungiyoyin kashi 5.5 cikin ɗari – kasa da rabin matsakaicin ƙasa da aka rigaya ya yi ƙamari.
Daga cikin kididdigar da yawa da ke nuna raguwar ƙarfin ƙungiyar, mafi bayyana su ne bayanai da ke nuna karuwar yawan aiki da kashi 4.3 cikin 2001 a shekara daga 2004 zuwa 1948– matakin da ya yi daidai da 1951 zuwa XNUMX. haɓaka ya sa ma'aikata su yanke shawarar cewa yana da wuya a ba da buƙatun inganta albashi da fa'idodi ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago waɗanda ke wakiltar ɗaya cikin ukun ma'aikata. Riba, bayan duk suna karuwa da sauri. A cikin wannan lokacin ne ƙungiyoyin “masana'antu na asali†–Gwani, Karfe, Motoci, da kuma roba– suka sami kwangilar farko da suka zama tushen ma’aikata “Mafarkin Amurka†.
A yau, duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago masu rauni sun kasa jurewa yayin da babban birnin ke karɓar kaso mafi girma na kuɗin shiga na ƙasa yayin farfadowar tattalin arziki fiye da kowane lokaci tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Bugu da ƙari, diyya ga ma'aikatan da ba sa kulawa a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu'' kimanin kashi 80 cikin 0.4 na ma'aikata'' ya ragu da kashi 2004 cikin XNUMX a shekara ta XNUMX. Wannan ya nuna haɓakar kasuwa mai 'yanci, tattalin arziki na Neoliberal, wanda babban jari ya ci gaba da matse ma'aikata har sai ma'aikata sun kasa iyawa. tsayin daka da yaƙi da baya. Mafarkin Amurka na ci gaba da haɓaka matsayin rayuwa ga ma'aikatan Amurka ya mutu shekaru da suka gabata; farfadowar da ake yi a halin yanzu yana nuna yadda aka binne shi sosai.
Wannan rikicin, ba shakka, ya sa SEIU's Stern ya yi ƙararrawa tsakanin shugabannin ƙwadago na Amurka shekara guda da ta gabata tare da ƙaddamar da Sabuwar Haɗin kai (NUP) ''tun watse don sauƙaƙe ƙawancen Stern's. da Hoffa. Amma duk da haka bisa la'akari da manyan kalubalen da ke fuskantar ma'aikata, muhawarar da ke tsakanin manyan jami'ai tana da iyaka. Gaskiyar ita ce, Stern da Hoffa sun fito don mayar da tsarin mulkin ma'aikata zuwa matsayinsa na "haɗin gwiwa" tare da masu daukan ma'aikata da gwamnati, rawar da ya samu' ko a kalla da'awar a cikin shekaru talatin bayan 1945. Sake gina ƙungiyar ƙwadago ba ta cikin ajandarsu.
Tun daga shekarun 1970, duk da haka, kasuwannin kyauta, manufofin adawa da aiki sun ɓata wannan tsari, kuma gudanarwa ta ci gaba da haɓaka al'amuran tun lokacin tare da ƙara yawan buƙatun ba da baya da kuma ƙara tsauraran dabarun yaƙi. Jami'an kungiyar, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da tafiya kamar da, suna manne wa albarkatunsu na kudi da gata yayin da suke tattaunawa kan asarar ayyukan yi da rage albashi da fa'idodi yayin da membobin kungiyar ke raguwa. Waɗannan ƴan ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci, waɗanda yawanci sana'o'i a cikin ma'aikatun ƙungiyar ke kula da su kuma sun saba da alaƙar jami'a tare da ma'aikata, kawai ba za su iya fahimtar gaskiyar sabon yanayin yaƙin aji ba.
A ƙarshe, a cikin 1995, yaƙin neman zaɓe na “Sabbin Voices†na John Sweeney ya tilasta yin muhawara kan raguwar ma'aikata tare da taken, “Shirya ko mutu†̃ Duk da haka ko da shekaru mafi kyawu na tsari a ƙarshen 1990s da kyar aka ci gaba. na hasarar da aka samu ta hanyar kawar da ayyukan kungiyar, kuma idan aka yi la'akari da fadada ma'aikata, yawan kungiyar ya ci gaba da raguwa. koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2001 da abin da ya biyo baya ya kuma kawar da da yawa daga cikin ƙananan ci gaban da aka samu na sabon tsari.
Kafa jam'iyyar NUP ya tilastawa kungiyar kwadago ta tunkarar gazawar shugabancin Sweeney. Wannan ya sa da dama daga bangaren Hagu suka yi maraba da kafa ta. Duk da haka Stern ya yarda da tsarin iri ɗaya kamar Sweeney– gami da goyon baya ga Jam’iyyar Demokraɗiyya da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu ɗaukar ma’aikata. Yakan kare sasantawa ne lokacin da “wajibi†–wanda ke bayyana shirun da NUP ta yi a kan irin badakalar da kungiyar ke bayarwa a kamfanonin jiragen sama, motoci, karafa da sauran masana’antu. Wannan ba tambayar ƙa'idar ƙungiyar gargajiya ba ce ta ƙin yin tsokaci kan harkokin cikin gida na sauran ƙungiyar. Bayan haka, Stern ya karya al'ada a cikin buƙatunsa na kawar da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar haɗaka da haɗin gwiwa a cikin wani nau'in motsin aiki na wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na Survivor.
Akasin haka, shirun da NUP ta yi kan rangwame nuni ne na yadda dukkan hukumomin ƙungiyar suka amince da iyakokin tsarin jari-hujja da kuma ci gaba da jajircewar haɗin gwiwa tare da masu ɗaukan ma'aikata wanda ma'aikata ke haɗin gwiwa tare da gudanarwa don haɓaka riba. “Stern yayi magana game da bada ‘ƙarin kima†ga masu ɗaukar ma'aikata, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu sun zo kallonsa, cikin kakkausar murya, a matsayin abokin tarayya†, in ji marubucin bayanin martabar Mujallar New York Times ta Stern.
Abin da ya bambanta game da shawarwarin Stern shi ne cewa yana da niyyar maido da martabar zamantakewa da siyasa na ma'aikata baki ɗaya tare da kashe ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da dimokuradiyyar ƙungiyar don sake gina masana'antu na musamman. Ba kamar haɓakar shekarun 1930s ba, wanda matakin matsayi-da-fayil ya yada ƙungiyoyi kamar gobarar daji daga ƙasa, Stern yana son yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun tsari, tsarin kamfani wanda ke amfani da ƙimar kuɗi mafi girma don mamaye kasuwannin aiki daga sama. Wannan shi ne ma'anar da ke tattare da ƙoƙari irin su Ayyukan Lissafi na Asibiti a Birnin Chicago, wanda SEIU ke neman tsara babban mai kula da kiwon lafiya ta hanyar fallasa ayyukansa ta hanyar kamfen na kamfani. Manufar ita ce matsa lamba Advocate don sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsaka-tsaki ga ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi, wanda hakan zai ba da damar SEIU ta tsara membobin dubu da yawa. Wannan hanyar ta sami wasu nasarori a wasu wurare. Tasirin a cikin Chicago, duk da haka, ya kasance mai ban mamaki†̃ shirin tsarawa wanda bai ƙunshi ma'aikata ba, amma yana mai da hankali kan farar takarda, taron manema labarai, kamfen ɗin talla, da taron al'umma. Ma'aikatan SEIU da abin ya shafa sun ce suna tsammanin zai iya daukar shekaru goma kafin a cimma irin wannan yarjejeniya - da kyar tsarin jadawalin da ake bukata don juyar da arzikin kwadago.
Maganar siyasa ta babbar hanyar Stern ita ce ta zuba makudan kudade da albarkatun cikin yakin neman zabe. Duk da maganganun Stern na lokaci-lokaci game da karya tare da 'yan Democrat, SEIU ya ba Jam'iyyar Demokuradiyya dala miliyan 65, ma'aikatan cikakken lokaci na mambobin SEIU 2,000 da kusan ma'aikatan SEIU 1,000, da masu sa kai na 50,000 masu daraja da fayil a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa. (Ta hanyar kwatanta, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Amirka, Gundumomi da Ma'aikatan Gundumomi (AFSCME) sun kashe dala miliyan 50 akan Kerry da Democrat; AFL-CIO, $ 45 miliyan. don ba da gudummawa ga 'yan Republican, gami da dala 500,000 ga Ƙungiyar Gwamnonin Republican masu adawa da aiki. Littafin binciken Stern ya faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da siyasarsa fiye da jawabansa a gaban membobin ƙungiyar.
masaukin Stern tare da Hoffa shima yana bayyanawa. Duk mutanen biyu suna son ƙungiyoyin mambobi su karɓi ragi akan haƙƙin AFL-CIO idan ƙungiyar ta amince ta kashe waɗannan kuɗin don tsara sabbin mambobi. Kuma dukkansu biyu suna goyon bayan jagorancin ƙungiyoyin sama-sama na sama-sama, tare da kashe dimokuradiyyar ƙungiyar.
Dangane da hada ƙungiyoyi, Ƙungiyoyin Hoffa's Teamsters sun riga sun kasance cikin haɗin kai na kansu. Ƙungiyoyin sun mamaye ƙananan ƙungiyoyin layin dogo don rage asarar membobinsu, amma wannan bai rama asarar da aka yi a tsohuwar masana'antar ƙungiyar ba, direbobin manyan motoci. Haɗin kai ba zai shawo kan asarar Teamsters a cikin jigilar kaya ba - gaskiyar da aka yi la'akari kwanan nan lokacin da UPS, babban ma'aikacin Teamster, ya sayi Overnite, babban dillalin jigilar kayayyaki na ƙungiyar wanda ya yi nasara da yajin aikin Teamster don fitarwa. akan agogon Hoffa.
Stern da NUP sun ba da shawarar samar da tsari ga wannan tsari tare da tsare-tsare don haɗa ƙungiyoyi a masana'antu musamman, maimakon ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin gama gari. Ƙungiyoyin, duk da haka, su ne ainihin irin wannan nau'in girman-daya-daidai-duk ƙungiyar gamayya. Ƙungiyar tana wakiltar ma'aikata a UPS, ma'aikatan masana'antu, ma'aikatan jinya, masu cin nama, ma'aikatan farar fata na gwamnati, ma'aikatan tsafta, injiniyoyin jirgin sama, da dai sauransu. An bayyana adawar Stern's ga irin wannan jakunkuna na haɗin kai a fili yana ɗaukar matsayi na biyu zuwa damar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar SEIU-Teamsters don mamaye AFL-CIO.
Amma duk da haka idan Stern ya ja da baya daga shawarwarinsa na asali, an riga an sa abokan hamayyarsa su hadiye maganin haɗakarsa. Misali, Shugaban United Steelworkers na Amurka Leo Gerard, asarar membobinsu ya tilasta su hade da kungiyar PACE sinadarai da ma'aikatan takarda don kafa USW a farkon wannan shekara. Duk ƙungiyoyin biyu sun riga sun rungumi jerin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi don ƙoƙarin ci gaba da tafiya.
Babban mai sukar Stern a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata, Ma'aikatan Sadarwa na Amurka (CWA), tabbas ba ya adawa da haɗakarwa. Ta mamaye jerin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago tun daga shekarun 1980, sakamakon asarar ayyukan sadarwa ta hanyar sabbin fasaha. A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan, adadin ma’aikatan kungiyar a masana’antar ya ragu daga 625,000 zuwa 275,000, wanda hakan ya sa ma’aikatan sadarwar gargajiya suka zama tsiraru a cikin CWA.
Amma maimakon mayar da hankali kan takamaiman masana'antu da Stern da NUP suke so, CWA ta yi amfani da tushen al'ada ta hanyar sadarwa a matsayin ma'auni don ɗaukar mambobi a duk inda kuma a duk lokacin da za ta iya â € "misali, a cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama, tsakanin ma'aikatan gwamnati, masu kera tufafi. , da sauran wurare.
United Auto Workers (UAW) ta ɗauki irin wannan hanya. Bayan gazawar da aka yi wajen shirya kamfanonin hada motoci na “dassuwa†na kasashen waje da kuma dawo da koma bayanta a masana'antar kera motoci, UAW ta yi amfani da albarkatunta daga “ kawance da manyan kamfanonin kera motoci guda uku, wajen kaddamar da shiri a tsakanin wadanda suka kammala karatun digiri. ma'aikata a kwalejoji– hukunce-hukuncen da Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Amurka ke rufewa da kuma, a wajen AFL-CIO, Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa. Yayin da adadin ma'aikatan kera motoci a cikin UAW ke ci gaba da raguwa ''General Motor's kwanan nan ya sanar da yanke ayyukan yi 25,000'' tushe a cikin masana'antar kera motoci har yanzu yana baiwa UAW albarkatu masu yawa.
Ƙungiyoyin da suka ƙunshi NUP, akasin haka, ba su da haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya, tsayayye tare da babban ma'aikaci. Kodayake SEIU ita ce babbar ƙungiya a cikin AFL-CIO kuma tana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jama'a a California da wasu jihohi da dama, a cikin ƙasa ba shi da isa ga ƙungiyar jama'a ta AFSCME. Kuma yayin da SEIU ke jagorantar ƙungiyar a cikin kula da lafiya, masana'antar ba ta da ƙarfi kawai kuma ta kasance cikin rarrabuwa tsakanin ma'aikata da yawa.
Irin wannan matsala ta addabi wasu mutane biyu da suka kafa kungiyar NUP: UNITE, kungiyar ma'aikatan tufafin gargajiya, wacce ta ga yadda masana'anta suka bace; da NAN, ƙungiyar otal da gidajen cin abinci, waɗanda manyan ma'aikata na kamfanoni suka yi karo da su a wajen tushe a cikin manyan otal-otal na Arewa da Las Vegas. La'akarin kuɗi, fiye da kowane haɗin kai, ya haifar da haɗin gwiwar waɗannan ƙungiyoyin a cikin 2004, azaman UNITE HERE.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin gine-gine guda biyu da ke cikin NUP, Ma'aikata da Masu kafinta, suna tattaunawa da ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa na gida da na yanki da yawa kuma sun ga yawancin masana'antun su ba su da haɗin kai. Shawarar Stern don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu girma ga masana'antu na musamman, don haka, ya yi kira ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar yuwuwar kafa sabbin shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'aikata.
Sauran shugabanni, irin su Thomas Buffenbarger na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya (IAM), ba sa son barin wasu ƴan nasarorin da suka samu. Rage ayyukan yi ya kawar da ayyukan IAM 100,000 a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata. Buffenbarger'' wanda ya ba shi izini ya janye ƙungiyarsa daga AFL-CIO idan ƙawancen Stern sun karɓe shi a fili ya yanke shawarar cewa zai fi kyau a kiyaye martabar IAM ta hanyar amfani da ƙungiyar' Ragowar kuɗin da ya rage a Boeing ko Lockheed Martin a matsayin tushe don tsara duk inda zai iya, misali, tsakanin direbobin limousine a cikin birnin New York. Shawarwari na Stern za su tilasta wa IAM yin watsi da irin wannan yunƙurin tare da neman haɗewa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan ƙarfe. A gaskiya ma, an bayar da rahoton cewa Buffenbarger ya kashe wani haɗin gwiwa da aka tsara tare da Ma'aikatan Karfe da UAW a ƙarshen 1990s don kiyaye aikinsa da na'urar IAM. Ƙungiyar Stern-Hoffa tana wakiltar ƙoƙarin matsawa Buffenbarger da sauran su shiga layi da samun abokin haɗin gwiwa.
A kowane hali, haɗakar ƙungiyoyi ba lallai ba ne ta haifar da ingantacciyar ƙungiyoyi ko mafi inganci. Mafi kyawun ko kuma wajen, mafi munin misali shine United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1979 don ƙirƙirar ƙato a cikin masana'antar kayan miya da kayan abinci. Yarjejeniya da munanan yanayi a cikin masana'antar tattara nama, dalla-dalla a cikin rahoton kwanan nan na Human Rights Watch, sun nuna yadda UFCW ba ta da tasiri. Rashin nasarar yajin aikin kantin sayar da kayan abinci na Kudancin California na tsawon watanni shida na 2003–2004, da jerin kwangilolin yarjejeniya da aka yi shawarwari tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙarin shaida ne cewa ɗayan manyan ƙungiyoyi a cikin AFL-CIO shima yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi rauni.
Sansanin Stern zai bayar da hujjar cewa matsalar UFCW ita ce shugabannin kananan hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu ne suka mamaye ta maimakon jami'an kasa, wanda hakan ba zai yiwu ba. Don haka, shawarwarin NUP don ƙaddamar da yanke shawara mai tsauri, salon tsarin kamfanoni akan ƙungiyoyi. A cikin SEIU, wannan yana nufin jerin amintattun ƙungiyoyi na gida don shigar da shugabannin pro-Stern, da sauye-sauyen tsarin mulki don tattara iko a saman. Idan UFCW ta karɓi irin waɗannan sauye-sauye, membobin ƙungiyar za su ga ba za a iya lissafa su ba, lalatattun baraguzan cikin gida waɗanda suka tattake dimokuradiyyar ƙungiyar maye gurbinsu da tsarin mulki na ƙasa, wanda ba shi da tushe wanda ya tattake dimokuradiyyar ƙungiyar. Ga Stern, haɗin gwiwar gudanar da ƙwadago– mataccen nauyi a kan ƙungiyoyin Amurka sama da shekaru hamsin– ba zai yi muhawara ba.
Shekaru 50 da suka gabata, haɗin gwiwa ya baiwa manyan ƙungiyoyin masana'antu damar gina abin da marubuciyar ƙwadago Kim Moody ta kira “jihohin jindadin jama'a masu zaman kansu†tare da manyan kamfanoni kamar General Motors ko US Steel– Tsaron ayyuka, ƙarin albashi, da ritaya mai kyau don musanya da sadaukarwa ga ribar kamfanin na dogon lokaci.
A cikin zamanin neoliberal na yau, duk da haka, tsarin haɗin gwiwar yana haifar da mummunan rangwame kawai '' albashi yana rage zubar da fa'idodin ritaya a kamfanin jiragen sama na United Airlines, da shawarar rage kulawar kiwon lafiya a GM, da kuma kawar da aikin kiwon lafiya na ma'aikatan ƙarfe mai ritaya' ” don suna kawai kaɗan. Ƙoƙarin gina ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago bisa haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni guda ɗaya ba mai farawa ba ne a zamanin neoliberal, wanda za'a iya fitar da kayan samarwa duk da cewa ikon babban birnin ya fi karkata.
Don haka, kwanan nan Boeing ya sayar da tashar jirginsa ta Wichita, Kans., ga kamfanin Kanada Onex. Matakin farko da sabbin ma'aikatan suka yi shi ne sallamar dukkan ma'aikata, tilasta wa ma'aikata su sake neman ayyukan yi, da kuma neman tallafi mai yawa daga IAM. Boeing, ba shakka, har yanzu zai sami jiragen sama da kaso na zaki na ribar. Akwai irin wannan tsari da ke gudana a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, inda UAW kwanan nan ta amince da yanke ayyukan a Visteon, wanda a baya sashin sassan Ford. GM's tsohon kamfanin sassa Delphi na gaba.
Bayan amincewa da dabarun samun riba na kamfani ɗaya a matsayin ginshiƙi na cinikin gama gari rabin karni da suka gabata, hukumar ƙwadago ta Amurka ko dai ta gaza ko kuma ta ƙi ɗaukar matakin aji don yaƙi da tattalin arziƙi, tare da haɗin kai a cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama da sauran masana'antu. , ko a siyasance, tare da kamfen na ƙasa don kula da lafiya, gyaran fensho, da albashin rayuwa. Haka kuma babu wani babban shiri na ƙwadago na ƙasashen duniya don fuskantar haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni. Rushewar da AFL-CIO ta yi kwanan nan na Sashen Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya wanda ya yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da CIA a lokacin Yaƙin Yakin-bakin-wake" kawai tambaya ce ta rage kasafin kuɗi. Yanzu za a ba da aikin na ƙasa da ƙasa gabaɗaya ga Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Kwadago ta Amurka, ƙungiyar sa-kai da jami'an AFL-CIO ke sarrafawa wanda ke samun kusan dukkanin kuɗaɗen sa daga majiyoyin gwamnati, galibi ta hanyar Baiwar Demokraɗiyya ta ƙasa da ba ta da tushe.
Yayin da gwagwarmayar ƙungiyar ba ta da yawa, warwatse, da tsaro, babban birnin ƙasar yana ƙara kai hari ga ma'aikata. Masu daukar ma'aikata suna samun goyon bayan tsauraran matakan jihohi, daga amfani da George W. Bush's na antiunion Taft-Hartley dokar a kan West Coast dockworkers zuwa ga alkalan kotun fatarar kudi na tarayya wadanda suka goyi bayan kokarin gudanarwa na rushe kwangilar kamfanonin jiragen sama, zuwa kasafin kudi. -sere a kowane mataki na gwamnati. Yunkurin tsara kashi 87 na ma'aikata a wajen ƙungiyoyin ba zai yi nasara ba ta kowace ma'auni har sai ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago za su iya kare nasarorin da suka samu a baya, tare da gina su.
Don tsira a matsayin babban ƙarfin zamantakewar al'umma, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata dole ne su yi watsi da ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa kuma su koma ga tsarin da ya fi dacewa da tsageru - abin da a da ake kira haɗin kai-fasa. A zamanin AFL-CIO, shugabannin ƙungiyar za su iya yin izgili a irin wannan dabarar kamar ba komai bane illa mafarkin soyayya na ƴan gurguzu da ƴan hagu. Hanyoyin gudanar da aikinsu shine kawai hanya ta gaskiya, in ji su. Kuma na dogon lokaci suna iya nuna sakamako, aƙalla ga ƴan tsirarun ma'aikata. Wannan labarin nasara (koyaushe iyakance) ya ƙare fiye da shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata—kuma ƙalubalen Stern ya tilastawa shugabannin ƙwadago su yarda da hakan. Amma duk da haka shawarwarin da ya yi ba su warware ko kaɗan ba tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin da ya haifar da dogon rikicin aiki.
Ba a san yadda muhawarar AFL-CIO za ta kasance ba. Ƙarin yarjejeniyoyin da ƙawance tsakanin manyan jami'an ƙungiyar na iya kasancewa cikin ayyukan; rarrabuwa yana yiwuwa, kuma. Tambayar ga Hagu a cikin ƙungiyoyi ita ce ta yaya za a yi amfani da muhawarar don ci gaba da ra'ayi daban-daban - wanda ya dogara da tsari da matsayi, dimokuradiyya, da 'yancin kai na siyasa daga Jam'iyyar Democrat.
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Bada Tallafi