"Gaskiyar bakin ciki ita ce manufofin yakin Obama sun zama abin tsoro fiye da yadda nake tsammani." – Malalai Joya, Mace Daga Cikin Shugabannin Yaki
Yayin da miliyoyin Amurkawa ke fama da rashin aikin yi, rashin aikin yi, hauhawar kuɗin koyarwa, raguwar ayyukan jin daɗin jama'a, da talauci a matakan da ba a gani ba tun lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali, ana amfani da kaso mai yawa na harajin da ba daidai ba don haifar da mutuwa da halaka a Afghanistan. Tare da Afghanistan shine yakin mafi tsawo da Amurka ta taba yi a hukumance, ya kamata mu yi nazari a hankali game da farashin yakin - kudi da sauran - kuma mu tambayi kanmu, shin da gaske yana da daraja?
Yakin yana kashe masu biyan haraji tsakanin dala 500,000 zuwa dala miliyan 1 ga kowane soja a Afghanistan kowace shekara. Tun lokacin da Shugaba Obama ya tura dubban sojoji fiye da Bush, yakin da ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa ya zo da tsadar farashi. Ya zuwa yanzu, mun kashe dala biliyan 336 a yakin, kuma idan Majalisa ta amince da bukatar karin kudade, adadin zai haura dala biliyan 455.4 - kusan dala tiriliyan rabin. A cewar CostofWar.com, kawai dala biliyan 120 a cikin ƙarin kudade na iya tallafawa malaman makarantar firamare miliyan 1.6 na shekara guda, masu kashe gobara miliyan 1.9 na shekara guda, ko $5,550 Pell Grant ga ɗalibai miliyan 19.3. Kudaden wata guda kan yakin Afghanistan na iya biyan abinci biliyan 46.9 ga mayunwata a kowane wata. Kudaden yakin Afghanistan na watanni shida na iya biyan kayan makaranta ga kowane yaro daya a duniya.
Baya ga farashin kudi, yakin Afganistan yana lakume rayukan mutane na hakika. A tsawon lokacin yakin, an kashe a kalla sojojin Amurka 1,400 tare da jikkata sama da 10,000. Yawan mace-mace kuma yana karuwa, yayin da sama da kashi uku na jimillar sojojin da aka kashe (499) suka mutu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Farashin da talakawan Afganistan ke biya ya ma fi girma. Ba tare da kirga wadanda ake kira ‘yan tada kayar baya ba, akalla fararen hula 2,412 ne aka kashe yayin da 3,803 suka samu raunuka a cikin watanni 10 na farkon shekarar da ta gabata – wadannan alamu ne na masu ra’ayin rikau. Adadin mutuwar fararen hular Afghanistan ya karu da kashi 20 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata, wanda kai tsaye ya yi daidai da karuwar yawan sojoji a karkashin Shugaba Obama. A zahiri, a tsawon lokacin yaƙin, ayyukan soja da Amurka ke jagoranta sun haifar da ƙarin mutuwar farar hula kai tsaye (5,791 – 9,060) fiye da ayyukan ‘yan tawaye” (4,949 – 6,499).
A halin da ake ciki gwamnatin da Amurka ke marawa baya a Afganistan ba ta da wani hakki kamar gwamnatin Mubarak ta Masar. Zaben 2009 da shugaba Hamid Karzai ya yi ikirarin nasara an yi Allah wadai da shi a duniya da cewa an tafka magudi. Takardun da aka fitar sun nuna cewa kashi 100% na kuri'un da aka kada daga rumfunan zabe da dama a larduna kamar Kandahar na Karzai ne. Hukumar korafe-korafen zaben Afghanistan ta karbi dubban korafe-korafen magudi. ‘Yan jarida cikin sauki sun sayi katunan rijistar zabe a kasuwar bakar fata. Duk da hujjojin da ke nuna laifukan da ke da alaka da manyan jami'an gwamnati da kuma shi kansa Karzai, Amurka na ci gaba da halasta gwamnatin tsakiya a matsayin hanya daya tilo da ta dace da kungiyar Taliban. Har ila yau, akwai 'yan sukar da ba a bayyana ba na "cin hanci da rashawa" na mambobin majalisar Afghanistan. Yawancin 'yan majalisar dokokin Afganistan suna da tarihin laifukan yaki na zubar da jini, musamman a lokacin bayan mulkin Tarayyar Soviet a farkon shekarun 1990, lokacin da aka raunata dubun-dubatar fararen hula, fyade, da kuma kashe su akai-akai da makaman da Amurka ta kawo. A yau, irin wadannan mutanen, wadanda ake daukar 'yan'uwa masu akida na Taliban, suna rike da mayaka masu zaman kansu, suna shan miliyoyin daloli na taimako don amfanin kansu, suna ta'addancin fararen hula, kuma suna da wuya a cikin fataucin miyagun kwayoyi.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa babbar 'yar gwagwarmayar Afghanistan kuma tsohuwar 'yar majalisar wakilai, Malalai Joya, tana son Amurka da NATO su fice daga kasarta. Kasancewar ta fuskanci mugunyar yaki da kuma karfin da masu aikata laifukan yaki da Amurka ke marawa baya, Joya ta dade tana neman kawo karshen mamayar. A cikin littafinta, A Woman Daga cikin Warlords, kawai a cikin takarda, Joya ta bayyana halin da talakawan Afganistan ke ciki: "[w] an kama shi tsakanin makiya biyu - Taliban a gefe guda da sojojin Amurka / NATO da abokan yakinsu a kan yakin. sauran.” Ta ci gaba da cewa, "ga mutanenmu, Obama mai son kai ne, kamar Bush. Yana bin manufofin mugun nufi iri ɗaya, kawai tare da himma da ƙarfi da yawa.”
Joya ita ce 'yar kasar Afganistan da ta fi iya magana da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Afghanistan. Al'ummarta suna kaunarta saboda jajircewarta wajen yin magana kan masu aikata laifukan yaki da Amurka ke marawa baya wadanda suka mamaye gwamnati kuma wadancan shugabannin yakin suke kai hari. Hasali ma, Joya ta tsallake rijiya da baya a kalla 4 yunkurin kisa. Tana wakiltar mafi yawan 'yan Afganistan da ba sa son wani zama na waje tare da masu ra'ayin kishin kasa a cikin gwamnati ko makiyansu Taliban da Al Qaeda. Duk da haka, ba kasafai ake bayyana ra'ayoyinta a kafafen yada labaran Amurka ba.
A yawancin asusun, tashin hankali yana karuwa. A cewar Ofishin Tsaro mai zaman kansa na Afghanistan (ANSO), hare-hare a Helmand da Kandahar ya karu da kashi 124% da kashi 20% a bara idan aka kwatanta da 2009. Bugu da kari, tashin hankalin ya bazu zuwa sassan Arewa da Gabas a baya, amma Amurka sojoji da masu magana da yawunsa na ci gaba da bayyana gazawarsu a matsayin nasara. Misali, a cikin wata wasika da ya aike wa sojojin Amurka na baya-bayan nan, Janar David Petraeus ya ce, “A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, kai da abokan aikinmu na Afganistan sun yi aiki tare domin dakile koma bayan harkokin tsaro a mafi yawan kasar da kuma sauya shi a wasu bangarori masu matukar muhimmanci. .” Ya ci gaba da ba da misali da takamaiman ci gaban da aka samu a Kabul babban birnin kasar Afganistan da ma tungar 'yan ta'addar Taliban na lardin Helmand da Kandahar, inda ya yi biris da yadda ake samun karuwar hare-hare a can. Kungiyar ta ANSO, wacce ke ba da shawarwarin tsaro ga kungiyoyin da ke aiki a kasa a Afganistan, ta ce a cikin rahotonta na kwata-kwata, “Komai ikon tushen wannan da'awar [na ci gaba], saƙonnin wannan yanayin an yi niyya ne kawai don rinjayar Amurka da Turai. ra'ayin jama'a." Kamar yadda Malalai Joya ta ce a cikin littafinta, "Duk karya ne - kura a idanun duniya."
Kamar Malalai Joya, yawancin 'yan Afganistan suna da raɗaɗi game da yadda yaƙin ke cikin tashin hankali da tashin hankali: wani bincike na Nuwamba 2010 da Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ta Afganistan ta gano cewa kyawawan ra'ayoyin Amurka sun kai ga mafi ƙarancin lokaci na 43% tsakanin Afganistan. Fiye da ninki biyu na yawan mutanen Afghanistan a yanzu suna zargin Amurka da NATO da tashin hankali idan aka kwatanta da shekara guda da ta gabata. Har ila yau, 'yan Afganistan ba su da kyakkyawan fata game da samar da ayyukan yi da damar tattalin arziki, 'yancin yin motsi, da 'yancin mata idan aka kwatanta da shekara guda da ta gabata. Amurkawa na da ra'ayin Afganistan cewa sojojin su fice. Wani binciken ra'ayi na CNN a watan Disambar da ya gabata ya gano cewa 63% yanzu suna adawa da yakin.
A babi na karshe na littafinta, Joya ta yi cikakken bayani kan shawarwarin da ta bayar kan yadda duniya za ta iya taimakawa Afganistan da gaske, wanda na farko shi ne kawo karshen yakin Amurka da NATO. Ta kuma yi bayanin ainihin bukatun jin kai na al'ummar Afganistan da kasashen duniya za su iya cikawa, da kuma yadda hakan zai kasance a tafi kafada da kafada da kwance damarar makamai, musamman na shugabannin yakin da suka dade suna samun goyon bayan kasashen waje. A karshe, Joya ta bukaci dukkan sojojin kasashen waje da su janye daga kasarta, inda ta ba da hujja mai karfi kan yadda za a iya takaita barkewar yakin basasa ta hanyar diflomasiyyar kasa da kasa.
A cewar Joya, "An ɓoye gaskiyar game da Afganistan a bayan bayanan hayaƙi na kalmomi da hotuna da Amurka da kawayenta na NATO suka tsara a hankali kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma sun maimaita ba tare da tambaya ba." Joya za ta yi magana kai tsaye ga masu sauraron Amurkawa a wannan bazarar a cikin wani balaguron balaguron kasa da aka yi niyya don fallasa zalunci da rashin amfani da yakin da kuma share allon hayaki. Ita yawon shakatawa na magana na zuwa ne gabanin wani babban yunkuri na masu fafutuka na yaki da ta'addanci na shirya abubuwan da suka shafi gabar tekun biyu don nuna adawa da yakin Afghanistan a ranakun 9 da 10 ga Afrilu, 2011. Daga tsakiyar Maris, Joya za ta fara rangadi a birnin New York. Daga nan, ta nufi New Jersey, Washington DC, Maryland, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Minnesota, Oregon, jihar Washington, da California. Ziyarar Joya za ta ƙare tare da halartarta a Muzaharar Antiwar ta 10 ga Afrilu na San Francisco. Cikakkun bayanan ziyarar Malalai Joya na bazara 2011 suna kan layi a www.afghanwomensmission.org.
Kalaman Joya na iya taimaka wa Amurkawa wajen kawar da "kura daga idanuwanmu" da kuma fuskantar gaskiyar cewa, domin mu duka, dole ne a kawo karshen yakin Afghanistan ba da jimawa ba.
Sonali Kolhatkar shine Co-Director of the Ofishin Mata na Afghanistan, wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Amurka wacce ke ba da tallafin kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da ayyukan horarwa ga matan Afghanistan. Ita ce kuma mai masaukin baki kuma furodusa Rediyon Tashe, shirin rediyo na safe na rana a KPFK, Pacifica a Los Angeles.
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