Re: "Siyasa na Kisan Kisan Srebrenica"
(http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=74&ItemID=8244)
Yana da ban tsoro cewa Edward Herman ya zaɓi bikin cika shekaru 10 da kisan kiyashin (wanda yake shakkar faruwa) don cin mutuncin zawarawa, iyaye, yara, da sauran waɗanda suka tsira daga farar hula musulmin Bosnia (waɗanda yake tsammanin ba a kashe su ba). Abin ya wuce ni ne dalilin da ya sa ya dage wajen inkarin zaluncin Sabiya da neman uzurin sa na zaluncin Sabiya. Ya ci gaba da maimaita rashin gaskiya da aka dade ana karyatawa. Kuma yayin da ya bar wasu shubuha game da abin da yake tsammanin ya faru a zahiri, bai taɓa kusantar bayyana baƙin ciki game da "2000 kawai" ko kuma yawancin waɗanda abin ya shafa zai iya shigar da kansa ba. Maimakon haka, ya kwatanta kashe-kashen a matsayin "yaki da kisa," maimakon shirin da aka riga aka tsara, da aka tsara, da lalata kowane namiji na Bosniak na "shekarun fada" wanda Serbs za su iya samun hannunsu. Ya rubuta cewa "Musulman Bosnia da yawa maza sun mutu a lokacin da aka kwashe Srebrenica da kuma abin da ya biyo baya" kamar dai wannan lamari ne mara dadi maimakon yakin kisan kai.
Da alama Herman ba zai iya tsara wani batu ba tare da la'antar ikon kasashen yamma ba. Akwai suka da yawa da za a yi na Amurka, NATO, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don tada zaune tsaye yayin da gwamnatin Milosevic ta lalata Yugoslavia tare da kashe dubbai. Amma a maimakon magance wadannan batutuwa, Herman ya kawo rashin kunya a wannan dandalin tare da wasu ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa da kuma shawarwari marasa kyau cewa Musulman Bosnia sun jefa bama-bamai da kansu, da dai sauransu.
Dogayen bayanan da Herman ya yi da kuma ɗimbin bayanan ƙafa bai kamata su yaudari masu karatu su yi tunanin cewa wannan aiki ne na ilimi ba. Yana ɗaukar tushen sa daga mahallin, yana amfani da maɓuɓɓugar da ba a dogara ba, ko kuma kawai nassoshi aikin da ya gabata na kansa wanda ba shi da wani takarda.
Ina fatan cewa wasu 'yan misalan karyar karyar sa, a kasa, za su gamsar da masu karatu cewa suna bukatar su nemi wasu wurare don dalilai masu ma'ana, sahihan bayanai na yakin Bosniya da kisan kiyashin Srebrenica musamman.
Duk wanda ya gaskanta Herman yana samar da ingantaccen ra'ayi "madadin" ko labarin "danne", an yaudare shi da bakin ciki. Mutum zai fi kyau ya karanta sabon rahoto daga Cibiyar Yaƙi da Rahoton Zaman Lafiya (http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?archive/tri/tri_414_1_eng.txt), cikakken tarihin abin da aka sani yanzu game da tsarawa da aiwatar da kisan gillar Srebrenica. Zai zama abin ban sha'awa ganin Herman yana ƙoƙari ya karyata wannan rahoton batu-by-point, maimakon ya ba shi baƙar fata da ƙoƙarin yin watsi da shi.
Roger Lippman
Seattle
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Herman ya rubuta:
Kimanin asali na 8,000, ciki har da 5,000 "batattu" - waɗanda suka bar Srebrenica zuwa layin musulman Bosnia - an kiyaye su ko da bayan an tabbatar da cewa dubu da yawa sun isa waɗannan layin kuma wasu dubbai sun mutu a yaƙi. . Wannan adadi mai kyau na zagaye yana rayuwa a yau yayin fuskantar gazawar gano gawarwakin da aka kashe kuma duk da rashin hoton tauraron dan adam daya nuna kisa, gawarwaki, tono, ko manyan motoci na jigilar gawarwakin don sake binnewa.
Hukumar da ke da alhakin bacewar mutane (ICMP), wadda ita ce kan gaba a kan wannan batu, na da jerin sunayen musulmin Srebrenica na Bosnia kimanin 8,000 da aka tabbatar da mutuwarsu ko kuma wasu da suka tsira sun bace. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙarancin adadin waɗanda suka jikkata. Wasu cikakkun sassan ragowar da aka gano sun kasance ba za a iya gane su ta hanyar daidaitawar DNA ba saboda ba su da masu tsira da za su samar da samfuran DNA. Iyalai baki daya, da dukkan kauyuka (na kauyuka 200 da ke yankin), a wasu lokuta harin na Serbia ya shafe su. Sama da mutane 2000 ne aka gano wadanda abin ya shafa ya zuwa yanzu, tare da karin karin kowace rana.
Herman ya ce "gawawwakin" 2000 ne kawai aka gano ta hanyar 1999, amma ya ɗan ƙare. Sama da gawarwaki 4000 aka gano kawo yanzu, tare da gano sabbin kaburbura akai-akai. Ya yi ikirarin cewa rashin hotunan tauraron dan adam na sanya shakku kan adadin wadanda suka mutu, amma ya yi watsi da duk wasu shaidun, ya kuma musanta cewa sojojin Sabiya sun kwashe gawawwakin daga kaburbura na asali zuwa kaburburan sakandare domin boye su.
Kamar yadda rahoton Hukumar Srpska ta Jamhuriyar Srpska (RS, ko Bosnian Serb) (2004) da Hukumar Kula da Mutanen da suka Bace, tonowar Serbia da sake binnewa ya haifar da abin da aka sani da tattara gawarwaki; kasusuwan suna gauraye, kuma ana samun sassan jiki guda a wurare biyu ko ma uku daban-daban. Kasancewar ana samun sassan jikin mutum wani lokaci a cikin kaburbura da yawa, ita kanta, hujja ce mai gamsarwa ta sake binnewa. Rahoton Hukumar RS ya bayyana cewa masu binciken RS sun ziyarci 29 manyan kaburbura na sakandare da na sakandare – suna yin musun Herman abin dariya da abin kunya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka aikata laifin da kansu sun bayyana yadda ake tafiyar da shaidar zuwa kaburbura na sakandare. (Dubi rahoton farko na Hukumar Srebrenica, shafi na 23.) [1]
Wataƙila Herman zai yi watsi da cewa bai musanta wanzuwar kaburbura na sakandare ba, tunda bai yi haka ba a cikin kalmomi da yawa. Amma bayanin da ya yi na cewa babu wanda ya taba nuna hoton tauraron dan adam na hakika da aka kashe, an binne shi, ko aka tono domin a sake binne shi, ko na manyan motoci dauke da gawarwakin dubban gawarwaki a wani waje” a fili yake (idan an musanta) yana nufin babu wanzuwar. sakandare taro kaburbura.
Ana ci gaba da ganowa da tone kaburburan manyan kaburburan Srebrenica na biyu. Na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da wanda aka ruwaito ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2005, mai ɗauke da ɓangarori na mutane 240 [2]; da kuma wani rahoto a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2005, wanda aka yi imanin ya ƙunshi ragowar 100. [3]
Herman ya rubuta: “Ya kasance daidaitaccen al’adar kafofin watsa labarai don ƙaura daga da’awar da ba ta tabbata ba na dubban da suka bace, ko kuma rahoton gano gawarwakin mutane a wani wurin kabari, zuwa ga ƙarshe cewa da’awar an kashe 8,000 ta haka.”
A matsayin misali, ya buga wani labarin kwanan nan na Tim Juda, “Yadda aka fito da bidiyon da ya sanya Serbia cikin tashar jirgin ruwa.” Batun labarin ba nawa ne aka kashe a kisan kiyashin na Srebrenica ba, sai dai yadda bidiyon kisan kiyashin ya shafi gwamnatin Milosevic kai tsaye. Tabbas yana da kyau karanta wannan gagarumin labari na jarumtaka da aikin bincike na daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam na Serbia. [4]
Herman ya danganta hare-haren bama-bamai uku na musulmin Bosnia ba ga sojojin Serbia da suka yi wa Sarajevo hari tsawon shekaru (kuma suka kashe kusan fararen hula 10,000), amma ga musulmi da kansu. Ya ce "Jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da dama da kuma manyan jami'an soja na kasashen Yamma sun yi ikirarin cewa shaidun suna da karfi a cikin dukkan shari'o'i uku na cewa Musulmin Bosniya ne suka shirya kuma suka aiwatar da ayyukan," Amma ya tsallake gaskiyar cewa rundunar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNPROFOR) Da farko dai ya yi imanin cewa an harba harsashin Kasuwar Markale ne daga mukaman gwamnatin Bosniya, inda aka gano kuskuren lissafi, kuma an kasa tantance wanda ya harba harsashin. Wani kwararre a harsashi daga baya ya ƙaddara, kuma ya gabatar da shi a cikin shaida a kotun Hague, cewa harsashi zai iya fitowa daga wani matsayi a ƙarƙashin ikon Sabiya. Wani shaida, tsohon jami’in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya shaida cewa kusan kashi 100% na harsasai da suka sauka a bangaren sojojin Bosnia a bakin arangamar Sabiyawan ne suka harba su, kuma sojojin Bosnia ba su yi wa mutanensu wuta ba (’yan kasar Sarajevo na kowa da kowa). kabilanci). [5] Jaridar Sarajevo ta kullum Oslobodjenje (28 ga Janairu, 2005) ya ba da rahoton cewa, bisa ga bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an harba makamai masu linzami masu girman gaske kusan 70 a cikin yankin da ke kusa da Kasuwar Markale a lokacin yakin. Uku kawai da Sabiyawan Bosnia suka damu da musanta harbe harbe su ne ukun da suka haddasa kisan kiyashin da Herman ya ambata.
Abin mamaki, Herman ya tayar da ƙaryar ƙaryar cewa Sabiyawan sun gudanar da mugun sansanin taro a Trnoplje. An musanta wannan musun sosai, a kafafen yada labarai da kuma a kotunan Biritaniya. Har ila yau Herman ya sake gabatar da ƙaryar ƙaryarsa, amma ya ba da irin wannan mahimmanci a kan batun cewa a bayyane yake ba wai kawai yana magana ne game da halayen hoto ba. Maimakon haka, yana rufa wa fursunonin Musulman Bosniya kisan gilla da Sabiyawa suke yi. Don sake mayar da matsayin Herman, duba "Poison in the rijiyar tarihi" [6]; duba kuma ga tarin labarai masu alaƙa. [7]
A cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin da ya yi game da yaƙin Kosovo Herman ya yi ɓarna da yawa kamar yadda yake da hukunce-hukunce. Yawancin an sake maimaita su a wani wuri, amma zan ambaci ɗaya a nan don ƙimar misalinsa.
Herman ya rubuta cewa "manyan jami'an Amurka a lokuta daban-daban sun yi iƙirarin kashe 100,000, 250,000 da 500,000 na Sabiyawan na Albaniyawan Kosovo." A matsayin misali ya bayar da labarinsa da ya gabata, inda ko kadan bai ambaci adadin mutum 250,000 ba, kuma ban same shi a baya da shi ko wani ba. Labarin nasa na farko ya ba da adadi na 500,000 da Ma'aikatar Jiha ta ayyana "bacewa". [8] A cikin wasu labaran ya bayyana sanarwar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen da "An kashe 500,000 a Kosovo." Menene zai iya zama tushensa ga wannan? A gaskiya ba Ma'aikatar Jiha ba ce, amma labarin a ciki The New York Times (Nuwamba 11, 1999) wanda yayi kuskuren yin wannan sifa. [9] Kuma Times ya gane kuskuren karanta rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, kuma, bayan kwana biyu, ya yi gyara, yana mai cewa, "Ma'aikatar [Jihar] ba ta ce kusan 500,000 Albaniya na Kosovar sun bace kuma ana fargabar sun mutu." [10] Amma har yau Herman yana maimaita rashin fahimta daga cikin Times. Da alama bai damu da daidaito ba.
Da alama Herman yana aiki ne a matsayin sahun gaba ga masu kishin ƙasa na Serbia waɗanda ke da zurfin ƙin yarda da yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasarsu. Serbia ba za ta warke ba, kuma ba za a yi sulhu da Sabiyawa da Bosniak ba, har sai Sabiyawan za su iya daidaita laifukan da aka aikata da sunansu. Sabiyawa da yawa sun yarda, kuma irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam na Sabiya suna ba su murya kamar Cibiyar Shari'a ta Humanitarian [11] da Mata a Baƙar fata.[12]
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Notes:
[1] http://www.vladars.net/pdf/srebrenicajun2004engl.pdf
[2] http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=24&art_id=qw1119344940746B212
[3] http://www.fena.ba/uk/vijest.html?fena_id=FSA280301&rubrika=ES
[4] http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1499516,00.html
[5] http://www.cij.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewReport&reportID=495&tribunalID=1
[6] http://www.guardian.co.uk/itn/article/0,2763,184815,00.html
[7] http://www.glypx.com/balkanwitness/Articles-deniers.htm#bosnia
[8] http://www.state.gov/www/regions/eur/rpt_990416_ksvo_ethnic.html
[9] http://www.balkanpeace.org/monitor/mgen18.html
[10] http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E4D8143DF930A25752C1A96F958260
[11] http://www.hlc.org.yu/english/index.php
[12] http://www.wib-zeneucrnom-belgrade.org/index-en.htm
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