Saƙon imel ɗin da aka firgita da rubutu sun yi kama da wasan wasa da suka cancanci Yes Men. Occupy Wall Street - wanda kamar wasu littattafan ban dariya kawai ya sami ƙarfi bayan kowane harin da sojojin mugayen suka kai, ko barkono barkono, kama jama'a ko barazanar da magajin garin New York Michael Bloomberg ya yi na rufe wurin shakatawa don tsaftacewa - a ƙarshe an durƙusa.
Me ke shirin kashe ƙungiyar fafutukar Amurka mafi nasara cikin shekaru da yawa? Da'irar ganga.
Masu ganga da ke da zafin Dionysian suna neman a bar su su buga bongos da congas a cikin dare saboda su ne "bugun zuciya na wannan motsi.” Dangane da martani, wata wasiƙa ta zagaya tare da gargaɗi mai ban mamaki cewa “OWS ya ƙare bayan Talata.” Tare da daidaitattun allurai na diflomasiyya na Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Burning Man, marubucin ya bayyana cewa tattaunawar makonnin da aka yi tsakanin ƙungiyar masu aikin ganga mai suna Pulse, Babban taron OWS da hukumar kula da al'umma ta ruguje.
Masu ganga ba su amince da GA a matsayin halaltacciyar hukuma wacce shawarar da za su yi biyayya ba. A gaskiya ma, wasu masu ganga sun juya maganganun Occupy Wall Street akan kanta, da'awar cewa GA "sun danne ra'ayoyin mutane" kuma suna "zama gwamnatin da muke ƙoƙarin yin zanga-zangar." Daga karshe dai an cimma matsaya na bada damar buga ganguna na sa’o’i biyu a tsakar rana, amma duk wanda na zanta da shi ya tabbatar da cewa an kusa kawar da daya daga cikin kungiyoyin zamantakewar jama’ar Amurka da suka yi shekaru da yawa, ba wai ta hanyar sakonsa na siyasa ba, sai dai ta hanyar kade-kade. sashe.
Nathan Schneider, wani marubuci da ya ci gaba da ba da labari game da Occupy Wall Street ya ce: “Wannan wani gwaji ne mai muhimmanci na ko babban taron yana da iko a kan mutane, ko kuma ya zama kamar akwatin ba da shawara ga tarin mutane masu cin gashin kansu,” in ji Nathan Schneider, wani marubuci da ya yi ta fama da Occupy Wall Street tun farkonsa. bazarar da ta gabata.
Mallake ikon
Masu ganga a zahiri sun yi rawar gani. Kusan duk wani motsi na Mamaya a Amurka, ana kallon Babban Taro a matsayin halatacciyar hukumar yanke shawara. Amma idan lokaci ya yi da za a aiwatar da shawarar da wasu ba su amince da ita ba, sau da yawa ana tambayar ikonta. Kusan duk wani gagarumin rikici da ya kunno kai a cikin tafiyar Occupy a fadin kasar, ya ta'allaka ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi mulki, rikon amana, wakilci da halaccinsu.
Batun dai shi ne jigon makomar kungiyar domin kuwa hukuma ta dogara ne kan ra'ayin halalta. A cikin motsi mara jagoranci, wanene - idan wani - zai iya kiran harbi, fara ayyuka, wakiltar ƙungiyar, kuma watakila mafi mahimmanci, ya ɗauki alhakin mutane ta hanyar tilasta iko, tsari da horo? Yaya dimokuradiyya ya kamata motsin jama'a ya kasance?
Wadannan tambayoyi na cancanta da shugabanci za su dawo nan da makwanni da dama masu zuwa, yayin da yanayi ke kara zafi da kuma kawo sabbin Sana'o'i a waje, kuma a yayin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa da ke kara zafafa, inda manyan jam'iyyun biyu, ta hanyoyi daban-daban, za su yi kokarin yin ikirarin cewa Occupy ya yi. da sako. Kungiyar Occupy ta yi fama da wadannan tambayoyi ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata, kuma darussan da aka koya a wancan lokacin na iya zama mabudin nasarar kungiyar a shekarar 2012.
Misali, wani yunƙuri na ƙungiyar da ke kiran kanta Sanarwar 99% don gudanar da taron "Majalisar Dinkin Duniya" a Philadelphia a ranar 4 ga Yuli, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Occupy Philly General Assembly da Occupy Wall Street sun ki amincewa da shi yayin taron da aka yi na hadin gwiwa da wata kungiya ta waje wacce ake zargin ta hada da tsohon zartarwa na Goldman Sachs. Kiran ya samu wasu kafofin watsa labaru, Hankali, amma zato game da masu shirya taron, shirinsu na yin kwafin siyasar al'ada ta hanyar zabar wakilai kawai 'yan asalin Amurka bisa ga gundumomin majalisa da kuma wanda ba shi da tushe. tirade ta wani memban kungiya, yana ayyana "OWS gazawa ce kuma… zamba ce," ta kawar da ra'ayin duk wani tallafi mai ma'ana.
A halin yanzu, Adbusters, wanda ya haifar da Occupy Wall Street, ya ba da "bayanin dabara"A ƙarshen Janairu tare da #OccupyChicago da layin "Mayu 1 - Kawo Tent" a kan hoton 'yan sanda na Chicago suna tursasa masu zanga-zangar a 1968. Adbusters suna inganta mamaye birnin yayin taron NATO da G8 a watan Mayu. Amma Adbusters ba su tuntubi OccupyChicago ba ko kuma Haɗin kai da NATO/G8 War & Ajandar Talauci, Da kuma cewa ya harzuka mutane da yawa.
Serena Himmelfarb ta OccupyChicago ya fadawa wani dan jarida, "Na yi farin ciki cewa Adbusters na ci gaba da tallafawa OWS, amma sun yi rashin gaskiya ... Sun yi shi kadai, ba tare da la'akari da abin da aka riga aka shirya a nan don bazara ba." Wani mai shiryawa ya rubuta, "Idan kuna son yin faɗa da ['yan sanda], ku tuntuɓi waɗanda kuke amfani da sunansu." A cikin ƙoƙarta ga shaharar Adbusters, masu fafutuka na Chicago sun haɗiye gunaguninsu saboda sun san kiran zai iya taimakawa wajen haifar da jama'a da jama'a sun so.
Ba kamar mutanen da ke bayan sanarwar 99% da ba su yi nasara ba, Adbusters sun zana daga zurfin zurfin kulawar kafofin watsa labarai da kyakkyawar niyya don ƙirƙirar tushen sa na halacci. Ya zagaya Babban taron Occupy Chicago kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin dole ya amince da kiran ko kuma ya nuna cewa motsi ya rabu - wanda kafofin watsa labaru zasu yi wasa.
Kalubale na uku na imanin Occupy da dimokuradiyya shi ne ko mutanen da ba su da matsuguni su ne halastaccen bangare na harkar. A daidai lokacin da kowace sana'a ta sanya hannun jari a wani birni ko birni na Amurka, ya jawo hankalin al'umma da aka kora don neman abinci, matsuguni, kula da lafiya da shawarwari. Mutane da yawa sun gane, sau da yawa rashin adalci, cewa masu zanga-zangar Occupy sun yi gabatarwa shan muggan kwayoyi, tashin hankali da tabin hankali wadanda suka lalata sansanonin da dama. Masu mamaye sun nace, sau da yawa daidai, cewa waɗannan cututtukan zamantakewa sun wanzu gaba ɗaya, ƙungiyoyin labarai da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo na dama sun yi watsi da su. (A zahiri, kamar yadda Rebecca Solnit ta ruwaito, laifi a Oakland a zahiri ya sauka 19 bisa dari a lokacin Occupy Oakland.)
Duk da haka, ƙalubalen da marasa matsuguni ke fuskanta na motsi ya yi yawa. Waɗanda ake kira ƴan tituna sun cika kashi 99 cikin ɗari. Rayuwar su mai cike da tashin hankali sakamakon shekaru da yawa na manufofin jama'a da aka ƙididdige su don lalata tattalin arzikin ƙasa, ƙasƙantar da birane, ɓangarorin talauci da ƴan tsiraru, da toshe hanyoyin tsaro. Amma a sansanonin 'yan Occupy a duk faɗin ƙasar an sami rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin waɗanda ke jin cewa marasa gida, masu gudu, masu safarar jiragen ƙasa da masu tuƙi su ne jigon motsin da waɗanda ke ganin sun kwashe albarkatu tare da karkatar da makamashi daga aikin da ake yi.
An buga wannan rarrabuwar a Occupy Los Angeles a Hall Hall, kawai katanga daga dubban marasa gida wanda ke kwana a kowane dare a cikin mafi girman layin skid a kasar. Ruth Fowler, 'yar jarida, marubucin allo kuma memba na ƙungiyar gudanarwa a Occupy Los Angeles, ta gaya mani ta imel cewa "Mazaunan layin skid sun kasance masu taka tsantsan wajen aiwatar da sansanonin, da kuma fitar da dillalai, ɓarayi da kuma masu tayar da hankali waɗanda suka yi hanyarsu. can." Daga cikin sana'o'i bakwai na Amurka da ta ziyarta, Fowler ta ce "Occupy LA ba ta da wasu abubuwan da suka faru na shan kwayoyi da barasa fiye da sauran sansani."
Sai dai har yanzu ana zaman dar-dar. Fowler ya ga rikici tsakanin "'yan tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi imani da mafi munin abin da za ku iya yi wa kowa shine kiran 'yan sanda a kansu, saboda rashin tausayi da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da masana'antun gidan yari, da masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka fi son kiran 'yan sanda, share wani abu. batun a karkashin kafet, da kuma mai da hankali kan sake fasalin dokoki."
Fowler kuma yana ba da nau'i na hangen nesa: "Mutane sun sha taba a cikin Occupy LA Big deal. A Landan sun bugu da buguwa suka yi wa juna naushi a tsakiyar GA."
"Bambancin dabara"
Muhawarar mutanen da ba su da matsuguni, wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne na muhawarar da ƙungiyar ke ci gaba da yi game da haƙƙin al'ummar Amurka mafi girma: Shin za mu iya canza tsarin siyasar da ake da shi, ko tsarin ya lalace haka muna buƙatar gina sabuwar al'umma daga tushe? Wannan tattaunawa ta hada da masu neman sauyi, kamar wadanda suka yi imani cewa manufar ita ce ta soke hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Jama'a United, wanda ke nufin yin aiki ta hanyar da aka kafa, a kan masu neman sauyi da ke son kawo sauyi ga al'umma, wanda ke nufin sanya sassan da aka fi sani da su a tsakiyar gwagwarmaya.
Jesse Kudler, mai shekaru 32 mai kula da fasaha tare da Occupy Philly, ta taƙaita wannan matsalar: “Yawancin mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyar suna tunanin sun san ainihin abin da Occupy Wall Street yake. Wata ƙungiya tana tunanin game da Dokar Volcker [wanda ke neman hana hasashe na Wall Street], wani yana tunanin kawo ƙarshen Fed ne kuma wani yana tunanin yana game da juyin juya halin tawaye. Dukansu suna da ma'anar ikon mallaka akan motsi - cewa yana game da takamaiman falsafancinsu ko matsayinsu. Amma matsayin sau da yawa yana cin karo da juna."
Wannan ya kawo shari'a ta huɗu: ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin da aka sani da baƙar fata. Ana ci gaba da wannan muhawara tun lokacin da 'yan adawa sanye da bakaken kaya suka fasa gilasan shagunan sarka a Seattle a watan Nuwamba 1999. Wannan wani bangare ne na babbar zanga-zangar da ta rufe ministocin Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya ba tare da tashin hankali ba tare da kaddamar da yunkurin yaki da duniya. Masu goyon bayan bakar fata suna jayayya cewa zanga-zangar doka ba ta da tasiri ta yadda ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar tashe-tashen hankula na titi da lalata dukiyoyi suka zama dole amma har yanzu suna cikin iyakokin rashin tashin hankali saboda ba za su cutar da wani mai rai ba. Ba abin mamaki ga kowa ba, matsayi masu cin karo da juna a kan baƙar fata sun fi ra'ayin mutum game da canza tsarin daga ciki fiye da takamaiman dabaru.
Shigar da Chris Hedges, wanda ya haifar da mahawarar hayaniya cikin tashin hankali tare da rubutunsa "Ciwon daji a cikin Occupy.” Ya dauki bakar fata aiki bayan wani mummunan yunƙuri na mamaye cibiyar taron da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a Oakland a ranar 28 ga watan Janairu ya ƙare cikin ƙaramar ɓarna a cikin Hall Hall da kama 400. Hedges yana kwatanta baƙar fata a matsayin cuta da za ta cinye motsi idan ba a kula ba. Don haka, dole ne a cire shi har zuwa sanye da baƙar fata na ƙarshe, da'irar-Tantanin halitta abin rufe fuska.
A matsayinsa na fitaccen ɗan jarida, Hedges yana matsayin kansa da wakilin harkar ta hanyar zartar da wanda ya kamata a cire. Ya kwatanta yadda kafofin watsa labarai suka kasance mafi kyawun aboki kuma mugun maƙiyin Occupy. Motsi ba zai iya rayuwa akan Facebook, Twitter da Google kadai ba. Kafofin watsa labaru na kamfanoni da aka raina ne suka sanya OWS tauraro, kuma wannan hankalin yana zuwa tare da farashi. Duk da yake babu dalilin da zai sa ƙungiyoyin Occupy su rungumi saƙon, zaɓe, wuraren tattaunawa, ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali da sauran kayan kasuwancin masu nauyi amma ƙungiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi, duk sassan suna buƙatar sanin cewa waɗanda ke aiki da sunan suna da ikon yin hakan. lalata shi. Ra'ayin da ke da kyau a Babban Taro kuma yayi kama da barata daga wurin masu zanga-zangar na iya zama mara hankali, hargitsi da tashin hankali lokacin da aka karkatar da shi ta idon kyamara. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya faru a Oakland a wannan rana mai ban mamaki inda wakilci da ba da lissafi sun kasance wani ɓangare na yakin titi. tarkacen hayaki mai sa hawaye da garkuwar robobi.
Rubutun shinge ya haifar da ɗaruruwan martani, tare da mutane da yawa suna zage-zage shi don bayar da rahoto. A cikin wani tunani mai tunani wanda ba ya hana sukar gefe. Susie Cagle ta rushe Hedges, suna ba da rahoton cewa aikin baƙar fata guda ɗaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Occupy Oakland ya kasance a lokacin yajin aikin 2 ga Nuwamba, ba yunƙurin 28 ga Janairu na ɗaukar ginin da komai ba. Cagle ya kuma lura cewa "masu zaman lafiya amma masu fafutuka sun killace tashar jiragen ruwa na Oakland a ranar 12 ga Disamba ... sun sami Occupy Oakland fiye da zargi fiye da ayyukan baƙar fata a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba. "
David Graeber a bisa adalci sanye da shingen shinge don kasa bayyana cewa kamar yadda baƙar fata dabara ce, ba ƙungiyar anarchist ba, ta ketare bakan na hagu. Bugu da ƙari, Graeber ya gyara rikodin tsohon wakilin New York Times ta hanyar lura da cewa nesa ba kusa ba ne, masu goyon bayan dabarun baƙar fata sun kasance cikin gwiwar hannu wajen tsara Occupy Wall Street tun daga farko.
Nathan Schneider ya ce Hedges kuma don kasancewa "mai nuni ga abin da ke faruwa lokacin da wanda ba shi da hannu a cikin motsi ya yi la'akari da tambayoyin ciki." A matsayin shaida ga abin da baƙar fata ke iyawa, Schneider ya ba da labarin irin rawar da ya taka a cikin wani tattaki na Oakland a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba. titunan Oakland. Sun je wannan wurin shakatawa an kewaye shi da katangar sarkar da za su dauka domin yin sabon sansani. Suka nufi shingen, suka buɗe, suka jagoranci tafiya cikin wata katuwar liyafa a ciki. Cikin mintuna 10 suka sauke katangar gaba daya suka nade shi da kyau. Ƙungiyar baƙar fata na iya zama matsala kuma mai iko, amma kuma yana iya zama ƙarfin horo wanda zai iya samun nasara ta dabara."
Abubuwan sukan sun gangara zuwa wasu maki. Ɗayan shine cewa lokacin da ayyukan baƙar fata suka yi nasara, kamar sake mamaye wurin shakatawa na Nuwamba, akwai ƙananan muhawara game da dabaru. Biyu, ayyukan rashin tashin hankali, kamar toshewar tashar jiragen ruwa, galibi suna haifar da zargi fiye da farfasa taga. Kuma uku, baƙar fata wani yanki ne na halal na ƙungiyar mamaya. Batun ba dabara ba ce - Hedges ya rubuta approvingly shekaru biyu da suka gabata na tarzoma a Girka - shine ko motsi yana da sarari ga masu goyon bayan "dabarun iri."
Yin 99% fiye da taken
Duk da haka, ko da an warware batun halaccin, ya bar batutuwan da ba a magance su ba na wakilci da kuma tantancewa. Wani tsohon bakar fata wanda ke zaune a Portland, Ore., Ya bayyana cewa yana da matsala lokacin da kowace kungiya ta shirya a asirce, kuma ta dauki matakai da sunan kungiyar amma ba tare da wata hanyar bayyana gaskiya ba. Zaɓan “ƙungiyoyin alaƙa” da kansu suna ɗaukar ayyuka a ƙarƙashin laima, amma lissafin ya dogara ne akan cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a na yau da kullun, ɗabi'a da matsin lamba.
Wannan ba shine kawai tsarin tsarin Occupy na yanzu ba - don mafi kyau da mafi muni - shine yadda motsi ya fara. Schneider ya ce ainihin matakin Occupy Wall Street "ya ƙunshi wani kwamiti na dabara wanda ya ƙunshi ƴan ƙaramin rukuni na mutane da ke aiki a asirce." Ya yi bayanin cewa abin da aka sanar na zama na 17 ga Satumba shi ne Chase Manhattan Plaza a tsakiyar Wall Street, amma kwamitin "ya san cewa watakila ba zai yi aiki ba, don haka ya fi yaudara."
Schneider ya kara da cewa "Yanzu, akwai karin karfin iko a cikin motsin da ke cikin inuwa," in ji Schneider. "Za ku iya ganin wanene a cikin rukunin aiki, amma ba koyaushe kuna sanin ƙungiyar alaƙar da suke ciki ba kuma waɗanda ke ƙirƙira menene ra'ayoyi. Babu wani nau'i na al'ada na al'ada wanda alhakin ya bayyana kuma za a iya cire wani."
Peter Bratsis, farfesa a ka'idar siyasa a Jami'ar Salford kuma marubucin "Rayuwar Yau da kullum da Jiha, "Ya yi tambaya, "Yaya kuke ƙirƙirar iko a cikin motsi, ta yaya wannan hukuma za ta yi aiki, muna da ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki cikin alaƙa da juna ko kuma ƙungiyar da ke da ladabtarwa waɗanda ke fahimtar ikon GA don yanke shawarar dabarun?"
Matsalar, a cewar Bratsis, ita ce "yadda ake samun daidaituwar matakin macro amma gane cin gashin kansa na duk ƙungiyoyin hagu. Ya kamata masu ra'ayin mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi su je GA don yanke shawara ta musamman? A'a, suna da nasu tsarin kuma suna iya yanke shawarar kansu."
A cikin motsi kamar Occupy, wanda ya fi kama da hazo na barbashi na subatomic fiye da hasken sararin samaniya, dimokuradiyya tana da ban tsoro. Dimokuradiyya ba "kowa yana yin abin da kowa yake so ba," in ji Bratsis. Kuma wannan shine zuciyar al'amarin. Wasu mutane suna son yin ganga. Wasu suna son ɗauka ko harbi. Wasu suna so suyi aiki a cikin tsarin. Wasu kuma suna son fada da jihar. Kuma waɗannan ayyuka duk suna yin tasiri a kan haƙƙin wasu mutane ko hangen nesa na motsi.
Ijma'i - tushen rayuwar Babban Taro wanda shine zuciyar motsin 'yan mamaya - shine game da kowa ya yarda. Wannan a gefe guda halal. Da yake magana akan masanin falsafa Max Weber, Bratsis ya ce "halaccin doka yana nufin neman yuwuwar za a bi umarni." A cikin yarjejeniya, duk da haka, idan kowa ya yarda, babu buƙatar bayar da umarni. A ƴan lokuta da dole ne a warware rikicin, yana da matuƙar wahala a ba da umarni, wanda nan da nan ba a yi watsi da shi kamar yadda ƴan damfara da masu shan taba suka tabbatar. Jihar na da ‘yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma, gidajen yari, kotuna da sojoji. Motsin Occupy yana da yatsu masu karkarwa zuwa ƙasa, don haka ya ƙare ta amfani da wasu hanyoyin zamantakewa da tunani don ba da izini.
Wataƙila wasu ƴan sansani masu aiki sun rage a kusa da Amurka. An 'yantar da su daga nauyin kiyaye al'umma ta yau da kullun, ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin Occupy masu fafutuka har yanzu suna kokawa da batutuwan falsafa na dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙinsu na abin da ke gaba. A yanzu, tushen halaccin shine Babban Taro wanda ke aiki bisa yarjejeniya bisa "Mu ne kashi 99."
Kashi 99 cikin XNUMX babban taken ne, amma ko da a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, za a sami masu nasara da masu asara a duk lokacin da aka yanke shawara. Ci gaba yana buƙatar hanyoyin dimokuradiyya na haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin dimokiradiyya da kuma sanin wanda ke wakiltar ƙungiyar da yadda ake wakilta. Amma hakan zai iya zama da sauƙi a faɗi fiye da aikatawa, kamar yadda ɓarkewar tarihin hagu na Amurka ya nuna.
Zai kasance mai sauƙi ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu kawo sauyi su rabu, wanda ya riga ya faru daga Philadelphia zuwa Kudancin California. Babban abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne sanya kashi 99 cikin XNUMX fiye da taken taken da samar da sabbin tsare-tsare na mulkin demokradiyya wanda kowa ya zuba jari a ciki. Wannan zai ƙayyade ko motsin Occupy walƙiya ne a cikin kwanon rufi ko wayewar sabon zamani.
Arun Gupta, marubucin New York kuma wanda ya kafa Occupy the Wall Street Journal, ya rufe motsi na Salon.
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Bada Tallafi